Abstract:
In the optical heterodyne receivers disclosed, the overall signal-to-noise ratio is improved by widening in terms of time duration the information-modulated optical pulses so that their bandwidth is comparable to the bandwidth of the detector. In particular, multiple reflection widening techniques are disclosed. Balanced detection with pulse widening in each path is also disclosed.
Abstract:
A carrier transversal equalizer includes a plurality of parallel modules each comprising the series combination of an attenuator and a time-delay element. The need for phase shifters is obviated provided that the equalizer is designed such that its complex gain function is periodic, its phase characteristic is odd about the origin and its gain characteristic is even about the origin.
Abstract:
A differentially phase modulated (DPM) information signal, such as a binary differentially coherent phase shift-keyed signal, is detected without the need for a synchronous local oscillator by decomposing the carrier information signal into its baseband conjugate in-phase and out-of-phase components, I(t) and Q(t), respectively, generating from the components the functions F(t) Q(t)I(t-T)-I(t)Q(t-T) and G(t) I(t)I(t-T)+Q(t)Q(t-T) and subsequently forming H1(t) F(t)+G(t) tan Alpha 1, and H2(t) F(t)+G(t) tan Alpha 2, where T is the bit interval and Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 are arbitrary but generally unequal. In the binary case, however, Alpha 1 Alpha 2 0 and F(t) is the differentially phase detected signal. In higher order DPM systems the equations for H1(t) and H2(t) are simultaneously solved to recover the differential phase information.
Abstract:
In a synchronous detector the carrier of a binary differentially coherent phase shift-keyed signal is recovered by decomposing the carrier information signal into its conjugate in-phase and outof-phase components which contain in their arguments a term delta (t) representing the phase difference between the carrier and a local oscillator signal. The conjugate components are multiplied to generate a product signal which is sampled every other time slot to produce an error signal proportional to sin(2 delta (t)). This signal is applied to the local oscillator to phase lock the local oscillator signal to the carrier of the information signal.
Abstract:
Baseband detection and equalization of a signal having arbitrary modulation and distortion is achieved by linearly down-converting the signal to baseband be means of a pair of homodynes driven by a synchronous local oscillator. Each of the homodyne outputs (i.e., the in-phase and out-of-phase components) is equalized by a baseband transversal equalizer comprising a pair of delay lines having a tap separation not greater than 1/ Delta f, where Delta f is the bandwidth over which equalization is desired. The taps of each delay line are coupled through attenuators to a summing network, the output of which is the in-phase (or out-of-phase) component equalized depending on whether the attenuation levels correspond to ( Alpha n,- Beta n) or ( Beta n, Alpha n), respectively, where Alpha n and Beta n are, in a frequencydomain analysis, the coefficients of the Fourier series of the Fourier transform of the system component or apparatus producing the distortion. Alternatively, Alpha n and Beta n can be determined from a time-domain analysis in which Alpha n and Beta n are chosen such that the signal is set to zero at a sufficient number of sampling instants to allow satisfactory transmission.