公开(公告)号：US6030204A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-29

申请号：US36824

申请日：1998-03-09

申请人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Roger W. Glickert ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  John P. Bionda ,  Anthony Hallo ,  Gerard F. Gretz

发明人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Roger W. Glickert ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  John P. Bionda ,  Anthony Hallo ,  Gerard F. Gretz

IPC分类号： B01D53/50 ,  B01D53/56 ,  B01D53/79 ,  C01B21/00

CPC分类号： B01D53/79 ,  B01D53/501 ,  B01D53/56

摘要： In a method of reducing NO.sub.x a water-fixed nitrogen solution is injected into a furnace near the exit from the furnace where the temperatures exceed 2000.degree. F. and combustion is occurring. Preferably the solution is injected through a combination of atomizing nozzles and spray jets into a region of the furnace which does not exceed 2700.degree. F. A calcium compound to react with sulfur dioxide may also be added.

摘要翻译： 在减少NOx的方法中，将水固氮溶液从温度超过2000°F的炉的出口附近的炉中注入并进行燃烧。 优选地，通过雾化喷嘴和喷射喷嘴的组合将溶液注入不超过2700°F的炉的区域。还可以加入与二氧化硫反应的钙化合物。

公开(公告)号：US5546874A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-20

申请号：US362290

申请日：1994-12-22

申请人： Bernard P. Breen ,  John P. Bionda, Jr. ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  Roger W. Glickert ,  Anthony Hallo

发明人： Bernard P. Breen ,  John P. Bionda, Jr. ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  Roger W. Glickert ,  Anthony Hallo

IPC分类号： F23C5/00 ,  F23C1/10

CPC分类号： F23C5/00 ,  F23C2201/102 ,  F23C2900/05081

摘要： A method and apparatus for reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion in a roof-fired furnace is disclosed. By blocking at least some of the fuel nozzles associated with a roof-fired burner while leaving open the secondary air openings associated with the blocked fuel nozzles, reduction in NOX emissions from roof-fired furnaces is accomplished. This blocking results in the creation of a localized fuel-rich or just slightly fuel-lean environment near open fuel nozzles because part of the secondary air needed for combustion is being added at a location distant from where the initial combustion occurs. By creating a localized fuel-rich or slightly fuel-lean environment near the open fuel nozzles, the initial stages of combustion occur with little or no excess oxygen present. Because much of the fuel-bound nitrogen is liberated during the initial stages of combustion, it will preferentially react to form molecular nitrogen rather than nitrogen oxides because of the lack of available oxygen. Further, by the time all the secondary air is mixed with the pulverized coal to complete substantially the combustion, the flame temperature will have been sufficiently lowered by heat transfer to the boiler tubes that thermal formation of nitrogen oxides will be reduced. This invention works well in those roof-fired furnaces where individual burners are composed of multiple fuel nozzles and the fuel nozzles eject primary air and fuel between boiler tubes which form the furnace roof.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在屋顶燃烧炉中燃烧期间减少氮氧化物形成的方法和装置。 通过阻挡与屋顶燃烧的燃烧器相关联的至少一些燃料喷嘴，同时打开与堵塞的燃料喷嘴相关联的二次空气开口，从而实现了屋顶燃烧炉的NO x排放的减少。 这种阻塞导致在打开的燃料喷嘴附近产生局部富燃料或仅略微贫燃环境，因为燃烧所需的二次空气的一部分被添加在远离初始燃烧发生的位置。 通过在敞开的燃料喷嘴附近产生局部的富含燃料或稍微贫燃的环境，燃烧的初始阶段几乎没有或没有过量的氧存在。 由于大部分燃料结合的氮在燃烧的初始阶段被释放，由于缺乏可用的氧，它将优先反应形成分子氮而不是氮氧化物。 此外，当所有的二次空气与粉煤混合以完全燃烧时，通过传递到锅炉管的火焰温度将被充分降低，氮氧化物的热形成将被减少。 本发明在那些屋顶燃烧炉中工作良好，其中单个燃烧器由多个燃料喷嘴组成，并且燃料喷嘴在形成炉顶的锅炉管之间喷射一次空气和燃料。

公开(公告)号：US5042404A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-27

申请号：US576980

申请日：1990-09-04

申请人： Richard C. Booth ,  Bernard P. Breen ,  Roger W. Glickert

发明人： Richard C. Booth ,  Bernard P. Breen ,  Roger W. Glickert

IPC分类号： F23C1/00

CPC分类号： F23C1/00 ,  F23C2900/99004

摘要： An improved method for burning carbonaceous material containing sulfur to reduce emissions of SO.sub.2 is disclosed wherein the carbonaceous material is projected into a furnace as one or more streams and each stream is continuously ignited with a volatile fuel such as natural gas, oil, liquefied petroleum gas or naptha. The volatile fuel is supplied separately from the carbonaceous material and is directed into each stream of the carbonaceous material as it enters the furnace so as to cause the material to be enveloped in a reducing atmosphere during its volatilization. In consequence, at least a portion of the sulfur contained in the carbonaceous material is retained within the ash slag in its reduced or sulfide form.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于燃烧含硫的碳质材料以减少SO 2排放的改进方法，其中碳质材料作为一个或多个流投射到炉中，并且每个流都用挥发性燃料如天然气，油，液化石油气连续点燃 或石脑油。 挥发性燃料与碳质材料分开供给，并且在碳质材料进入炉中时被导入碳质材料的每个流中，以便使材料在其挥发期间被包围在还原气氛中。 因此，含碳材料中所含的硫的至少一部分以其还原或硫化物形式保留在灰渣内。

公开(公告)号：US5567226A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-22

申请号：US338362

申请日：1994-11-14

申请人： Aziz A. Lookman ,  Roger W. Glickert ,  James E. Gabrielson

发明人： Aziz A. Lookman ,  Roger W. Glickert ,  James E. Gabrielson

IPC分类号： B03C3/013

CPC分类号： B03C3/013

摘要： The present invention provides an apparatus and method to improve the performance of a variety of particulate collection devices. Gaseous ammonia is injected by one or more injectors into a waste gas upstream from a particulate collection device. The amount of ammonia injected from each injector is controlled so that the local concentration of ammonia in the waste gas is approximately the same as the corresponding local concentration of sulfur trioxide in the waste gas. The flow of ammonia from each injector is controlled by measuring several local sulfur trioxide concentrations in the waste stream after the ammonia has been injected. The sulfur trioxide can occur naturally or result from injection. By keeping the concentration of ammonia approximately equal to the concentration of sulfur trioxide, ammonia and sulfur trioxide react to form a liquid product. This liquid reaction product coats the surfaces of particles entrained in the gas stream. Once coated, the particles' electrical conductivity is altered so that they are more easily collected by devices employing electrostatic attraction. The liquid coating also causes the particles to agglomerate and these larger agglomerates are easier to collect.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了改善各种颗粒物收集装置的性能的装置和方法。 气体氨由一个或多个喷射器注入到从颗粒收集装置上游的废气中。 控制从每个喷射器喷射的氨的量，使得废气中的氨的局部浓度与废气中相应的局部三氧化硫浓度大致相同。 通过在注入氨后，通过测量废物流中的几种局部三氧化硫浓度来控制来自每个注射器的氨的流动。 三氧化硫可以自然发生或由注射产生。 通过保持氨的浓度近似于三氧化硫的浓度，氨和三氧化硫反应形成液体产物。 该液体反应产物涂覆夹带在气流中的颗粒的表面。 一旦被涂覆，颗粒的导电性被改变，使得它们更容易地被采用静电吸引的装置收集。 液体涂层还使颗粒附聚，并且这些较大的聚集体更容易收集。

公开(公告)号：US06507774B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-14

申请号：US09379401

申请日：1999-08-24

申请人： Jaques Reifman ,  Earl E. Feldman ,  Thomas Y. C. Wei ,  Roger W. Glickert

发明人： Jaques Reifman ,  Earl E. Feldman ,  Thomas Y. C. Wei ,  Roger W. Glickert

IPC分类号： G01N3100

CPC分类号： F23N5/003 ,  F23N2023/08 ,  F23N2023/48

摘要： The control of emissions from fossil-fired boilers wherein an injection of substances above the primary combustion zone employs multi-layer feedforward artificial neural networks for modeling static nonlinear relationships between the distribution of injected substances into the upper region of the furnace and the emissions exiting the furnace. Multivariable nonlinear constrained optimization algorithms use the mathematical expressions from the artificial neural networks to provide the optimal substance distribution that minimizes emission levels for a given total substance injection rate. Based upon the optimal operating conditions from the optimization algorithms, the incremental substance cost per unit of emissions reduction, and the open-market price per unit of emissions reduction, the intelligent emissions controller allows for the determination of whether it is more cost-effective to achieve additional increments in emission reduction through the injection of additional substance or through the purchase of emission credits on the open market. This is of particular interest to fossil-fired electrical power plant operators. The intelligent emission controller is particularly adapted for determining the economical control of such pollutants as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) emitted by fossil-fired boilers by the selective introduction of multiple inputs of substances (such as natural gas, ammonia, oil, water-oil emulsion, coal-water slurry and/or urea, and combinations of these substances) above the primary combustion zone of fossil-fired boilers.

摘要翻译： 控制来自化石燃烧锅炉的排放物，其中在主燃烧区域之上的物质的注入采用多层前馈人工神经网络，用于建模进入炉上部区域的注入物质分布和离开炉内的排放物之间的静态非线性关系 炉。 多变量非线性约束优化算法使用来自人造神经网络的数学表达式提供最小化给定总物质注入速率的排放水平的最佳物质分布。 基于优化算法的最佳运行条件，每单位减排量的增量物质成本和每单位减排量的开放市场价格，智能排放控制器允许确定是否更具成本效益 通过注入附加物质或通过在公开市场上购买排放量来实现减排的额外增量。 这是化石燃煤电厂运营商特别感兴趣的。 智能排放控制器特别适用于通过选择性引入多种物质输入（如天然气，氨气）来确定化石燃烧锅炉排放的氮氧化物（NOx）和一氧化碳（CO）等污染物的经济性 ，油，水 - 油乳液，煤水浆和/或尿素，以及这些物质的组合）在化石燃烧锅炉的主燃烧区上方。