公开(公告)号：US07019518B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-28

申请号：US09981775

申请日：2001-10-16

Applicant: Bijan K. Amini ,  James R. Carl

Inventor： Bijan K. Amini ,  James R. Carl

IPC: G01B7/06 ,  G01R33/12

CPC classification number: G01B7/10

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method and apparatus for determining the thickness of a ferromagnetic or paramagnetic material when only one side of the material is accessible. In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for engaging a constant signal with the ferromagnetic material for inducing a changed signal, generating a stepped saturation signal over a range of currents for engagement with the ferromagnetic material, detecting the changed signal as the saturation signal is varied over the range of currents, determining the relationship between the changed signal and the stepped saturation signal, and evaluating the thickness of the material based upon the relationship between the changed signal and the stepped saturation signal. In another embodiment, the invention provides for an apparatus comprising a transmitter for engaging a constant signal with the ferromagnetic material for creating a changed signal, a saturation device for generating a saturation signal over a range of currents for engagement with the ferromagnetic material, a receiver for detecting the changed signal as the saturation signal is varied over the range of currents, such that the relationship between the changed signal and the saturation signal is determined, and the thickness of the material based upon the relationship is determined.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种仅当材料的一侧可接近时确定铁磁或顺磁性材料的厚度的方法和装置。 在一个实施例中，本发明提供了一种用于将恒定信号与铁磁材料接合以引起改变的信号的方法，用于在与铁磁材料接合的电流范围内产生阶梯饱和信号，当饱和信号为 在电流范围内变化，确定改变的信号和阶梯式饱和信号之间的关系，并且基于改变的信号和阶梯式饱和信号之间的关系来评估材料的厚度。 在另一个实施例中，本发明提供了一种装置，其包括用于将恒定信号与铁磁材料接合以产生改变的信号的发射器，用于在与铁磁材料接合的电流范围内产生饱和信号的饱和装置， 用于在饱和信号在电流范围上变化时检测改变的信号，从而确定改变的信号与饱和信号之间的关系，并且确定基于该关系的材料的厚度。

公开(公告)号：US08388613B1

公开(公告)日：2013-03-05

申请号：US12757657

申请日：2010-04-09

Applicant: G. Dickey Arndt ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  Chau T. Phan ,  Diane L. Byerly ,  John R. Dusl ,  Marguerite A. Sognier ,  James R. Carl

Inventor： G. Dickey Arndt ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  Chau T. Phan ,  Diane L. Byerly ,  John R. Dusl ,  Marguerite A. Sognier ,  James R. Carl

IPC: A61B18/14

CPC classification number: A61B18/1815 ,  A61B2017/00513 ,  A61B2018/00755 ,  A61B2018/00785

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for joining biological tissue together are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, a method for joining biological tissue together can include applying a biological solder on a wound. A barrier layer can be disposed on the biological solder. An antenna can be located in proximate spatial relationship to the barrier layer. An impedance of the antenna can be matched to an impedance of the wound. Microwaves from a signal generator can be transmitted through the antenna to weld two or more biological tissue pieces of the wound together. A power of the microwaves can be adjusted by a control circuit disposed between the antenna and the signal generator. The heating profile within the tissue may be adjusted and controlled by the placement of metallic microspheres in or around the wound.

Abstract translation: 提供了将生物组织连接在一起的方法和装置。 在至少一个具体实施方案中，将生物组织连接在一起的方法可以包括将生物焊料施加在伤口上。 阻挡层可以设置在生物焊料上。 天线可以位于与阻挡层邻近的空间关系中。 天线的阻抗可以与伤口的阻抗匹配。 来自信号发生器的微波可以通过天线传播，以将伤口的两个或更多个生物组织碎片焊接在一起。 可以通过设置在天线和信号发生器之间的控制电路来调节微波的功率。 可以通过将金属微球体置于伤口周围或周围来调节和控制组织内的加热曲线。

公开(公告)号：US06995572B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-07

申请号：US09803613

申请日：2001-03-05

Applicant: G. Dickey Arndt ,  James R. Carl ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  Patrick W. Fink ,  James D. Siekierski

Inventor： G. Dickey Arndt ,  James R. Carl ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  Patrick W. Fink ,  James D. Siekierski

IPC: G01R27/04 ,  G01R27/32

CPC classification number: G08B19/02

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for determining a superstrate on or near a sensor, e.g., for detecting the presence of an ice superstrate on an airplane wing or a road. In one preferred embodiment, multiple measurement cells are disposed along a transmission line. While the present invention is operable with different types of transmission lines, construction details for a presently preferred coplanar waveguide and a microstrip waveguide are disclosed. A computer simulation is provided as part of the invention for predicting results of a simulated superstrate detector system. The measurement cells may be physically partitioned, non-physically partitioned with software or firmware, or include a combination of different types of partitions. In one embodiment, a plurality of transmission lines are utilized wherein each transmission line includes a plurality of measurement cells. The plurality of transmission lines may be multiplexed with the signal from each transmission line being applied to the same phase detector. In one embodiment, an inverse problem method is applied to determine the superstrate dielectric for a transmission line with multiple measurement cells.

公开(公告)号：US06650280B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-18

申请号：US09953612

申请日：2001-09-14

Applicant: G. Dickey Arndt ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  James R. Carl ,  Kent A. Byerly

Inventor： G. Dickey Arndt ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  James R. Carl ,  Kent A. Byerly

IPC: G01S1308

CPC classification number: G01S15/584 ,  G01F23/284 ,  G01F23/2962 ,  G01F25/0061 ,  G01S13/10 ,  G01S13/862 ,  G01S15/101

Abstract: System and methods are disclosed for fluid measurements which may be utilized to determine mass flow rates such as instantaneous mass flow of a fluid stream. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be utilized to compare an input mass flow to an output mass flow of a drilling fluid circulation stream. In one embodiment, a fluid flow rate is determined by utilizing a microwave detector in combination with an acoustic sensor. The acoustic signal is utilized to eliminate 2&pgr; phase ambiguities in a reflected microwave signal. In another embodiment, a fluid flow rate may be determined by detecting a phase shift of an acoustic signal across two different predetermined transmission paths. A fluid density may be determined by detecting a calibrated phase shift of an acoustic signal through the fluid. In another embodiment, a second acoustic signal may be transmitted through the fluid to define a particular 2&pgr; phase range which defines the phase shift. The present invention may comprise multiple transmitters/receivers operating at different frequencies to measure instantaneous fuel levels of cryogenic fuels within containers positioned in zero or near zero gravity environments. In one embodiment, a moveable flexible collar of transmitter/receivers may be utilized to determine inhomogenuities within solid rocket fuel tubes.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于流体测量的系统和方法，其可用于确定质量流量，例如流体流的瞬时质量流量。 在优选实施例中，本发明可用于将输入质量流与钻井液循环流的输出质量流进行比较。 在一个实施例中，通过利用与声学传感器组合的微波检测器来确定流体流速。 声信号用于消除反射微波信号中的2pi相位模糊度。 在另一个实施例中，可以通过检测两个不同预定传输路径上的声信号的相移来确定流体流速。 可以通过检测通过流体的声信号的校准相移来确定流体密度。 在另一个实施例中，可以通过流体传输第二声信号以限定限定相移的特定2pi相位范围。 本发明可以包括以不同频率操作的多个发射器/接收器，以测量位于零或接近零重力环境的容器内的低温燃料的瞬时燃料含量。 在一个实施例中，发射机/接收机的可移动柔性环可用于确定固体火箭燃料管内的不均匀性。

公开(公告)号：US06496736B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-17

申请号：US09500538

申请日：2000-02-09

Applicant: James R. Carl ,  G. Dickey Arndt ,  Patrick W. Fink ,  N. Reginald Beer ,  Phillip D. Henry ,  Antonio Pacifico ,  George W. Raffoul

Inventor： James R. Carl ,  G. Dickey Arndt ,  Patrick W. Fink ,  N. Reginald Beer ,  Phillip D. Henry ,  Antonio Pacifico ,  George W. Raffoul

IPC: A61F200

CPC classification number: A61B18/18 ,  A61B18/1206 ,  A61B18/1492 ,  A61B18/1815 ,  A61B2018/00351 ,  A61B2018/00577 ,  A61B2018/00732 ,  A61B2018/00791 ,  A61B2018/1861 ,  A61N1/06

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided to treat atherosclerosis wherein the artery is partially closed by dilating the artery while preserving the vital and sensitive endothelial layer thereof. Microwave energy having a frequency from 3 GHz to 300 GHz is propagated into the arterial wall to produce a desired temperature profile therein at tissue depths sufficient for thermally necrosing connective tissue and softening fatty and waxy plaque while limiting heating of surrounding tissues including the endothelial layer and/or other healthy tissue, organs, and blood. The heating period for raising the temperature a potentially desired amount, about 20° C. within the atherosclerotic lesion may be less than about one second. In one embodiment of the invention, a radically beveled waveguide antenna is used to deliver microwave energy at frequencies from 25 GHz or 30 GHz to about 300 GHz and is focused towards a particular radial sector of the artery. Because the atherosclerotic lesions are often asymmetrically disposed, directable or focussed heating preserves healthy sectors or the artery and applies energy to the asymmetrically positioned lesion faster than a non-directed bean. A computer simulation predicts isothermic temperature profiles for the given conditions and may be used in selecting power, pulse duration, beam width, and frequency of operation to maximize energy deposition and control heat rise within the atherosclerotic lesion without harming healthy tissues or the sensitive endothelium cells

Abstract translation: 提供了治疗动脉粥样硬化的方法和装置，其中动脉通过扩张动脉而部分闭合，同时保留其重要且敏感的内皮层。 具有频率从3GHz到300GHz的微波能量传播到动脉壁中以在组织深度处产生期望的温度曲线，其组织深度足以热破坏结缔组织和软化脂肪和蜡状斑块，同时限制包括内皮层的周围组织的加热和 /或其他健康的组织，器官和血液。 在动脉粥样硬化病变期间将温度提高至约20℃的潜在期望量的加热期可以小于约1秒。 在本发明的一个实施例中，使用自旋斜面波导天线以25GHz或30GHz至约300GHz的频率传送微波能量，并且朝着动脉的特定径向扇区聚焦。 由于动脉粥样硬化病变通常不对称地布置，可直接或聚焦的加热保留健康部门或动脉，并且比非定向的豆更快地将能量施加到不对称定位的病变处。 计算机模拟预测给定条件下的等温温度曲线，并且可用于选择功率，脉冲持续时间，波束宽度和操作频率以最大化能量沉积并控制动脉粥样硬化病变中的热升高而不伤害健康组织或敏感内皮细胞

公开(公告)号：US6134476A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-17

申请号：US154989

申请日：1998-09-17

Applicant: G. Dickey Arndt ,  James R. Carl ,  George W. Raffoul ,  Vincent G. Karasack ,  Antonio Pacifico ,  Carl F. Pieper

Inventor： G. Dickey Arndt ,  James R. Carl ,  George W. Raffoul ,  Vincent G. Karasack ,  Antonio Pacifico ,  Carl F. Pieper

IPC: A61B18/14 ,  A61B18/18 ,  A61N1/06 ,  A61F2/00

CPC classification number: A61N1/06 ,  A61B18/1492 ,  A61B18/18 ,  A61B18/1815 ,  A61B18/1206 ,  A61B2018/00351 ,  A61B2018/00577 ,  A61B2018/00732 ,  A61B2018/00791 ,  A61B2018/1861

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for propagating microwave energy into heart tissues to produce a desired temperature profile therein at tissue depths sufficient for thermally ablating arrhythmogenic cardiac tissue to treat ventricular tachycardia and other arrhythmias while preventing excessive heating of surrounding tissues, organs, and blood. A wide bandwidth double-disk antenna (700) is effective for this purpose over a bandwidth of about six gigahertz. A computer simulation provides initial screening capabilities for an antenna such as antenna, frequency, power level, and power application duration. The simulation also allows optimization of techniques for specific patients or conditions. In operation, microwave energy between about 1 Gigahertz and 12 Gigahertz is applied to monopole microwave radiator (600) having a surface wave limiter (606). A test setup provides physical testing of microwave radiators (854) to determine the temperature profile created in actual heart tissue or ersatz heart tissue (841). Saline solution (872) pumped over the heart tissue (841) with a peristaltic pump (862) simulates blood flow. Optical temperature sensors (838) disposed at various tissue depths within the heart tissue (841) detect the temperature profile without creating any electromagnetic interference. The method may be used to produce a desired temperature profile in other body tissues reachable by catheter (510) such as tumors and the like.

Abstract translation: 提供的方法和装置用于将微波能量传播到心脏组织中以在组织深度处产生期望的温度曲线，该组织深度足以热消融致心律失常性心脏组织以治疗室性心动过速和其他心律不齐，同时防止周围组织，器官和血液的过度加热。 宽带宽双盘天线（700）在大约六千兆赫的带宽上对此有效。 计算机模拟提供天线的初始屏蔽能力，例如天线，频率，功率电平和功率应用持续时间。 该模拟还允许优化特定患者或病症的技术。 在操作中，在具有表面波限制器（606）的单极微波辐射器（600）上施加约1吉赫兹与12千赫兹之间的微波能量。 测试设置提供微波辐射器（854）的物理测试，以确定在实际心脏组织或ersatz心脏组织中产生的温度曲线（841）。 用蠕动泵（862）泵送在心脏组织（841）上的盐水溶液（872）模拟血流量。 设置在心脏组织（841）内的各种组织深度处的光学温度传感器（838）检测温度曲线，而不产生任何电磁干扰。 该方法可以用于在由诸如肿瘤等的导管（510）可到达的其他身体组织中产生期望的温度分布。

公开(公告)号：US6047216A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-04

申请号：US129832

申请日：1998-08-05

Applicant: James R. Carl ,  G. Dickey Arndt ,  Patrick W. Fink ,  N. Reginald Beer ,  Phillip D. Henry ,  Antonio Pacifico ,  George W. Raffoul

Inventor： James R. Carl ,  G. Dickey Arndt ,  Patrick W. Fink ,  N. Reginald Beer ,  Phillip D. Henry ,  Antonio Pacifico ,  George W. Raffoul

IPC: A61B18/14 ,  A61B18/18 ,  A61N1/06 ,  A61F2/00

CPC classification number: A61B18/18 ,  A61B18/1492 ,  A61B18/1815 ,  A61N1/06 ,  A61B18/1206 ,  A61B2018/00351 ,  A61B2018/00577 ,  A61B2018/00732 ,  A61B2018/00791 ,  A61B2018/1861

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided to treat atherosclerosis wherein the artery is partially closed by dilating the artery while preserving the vital and sensitive endothelial layer thereof Microwave energy having a frequency from 3 GHz to 300 GHz is propagated into the arterial wall to produce a desired temperature profile therein at tissue depths sufficient for thermally necrosing connective tissue and softening fatty and waxy plaque while limiting heating of surrounding tissues including the endothelial laser and/or other healthy tissue, organs, and blood. The heating period for raising the temperature a potentially desired amount, about 20.degree. C., within the atherosclerotic lesion may be less than about one second. In one embodiment of the invention, a radically beveled waveguide antenna is used to deliver microwave energy at frequencies from 25 GHz or 30 GHz to about 300 GHz and is focused towards a particular radial sector of the artery. Because the atherosclerotic lesions are often asymmetrically disposed, directable or focussed heating preserves healthy sectors of the artery and applies energy to the asymmetrically positioned lesion faster than a non-directed beam. A computer simulation predicts isothermic temperature profiles for the given conditions and man be used in selecting power, pulse duration, beam width, and frequency of operation to maximize energy deposition and control heat rise within the atherosclerotic lesion without harming healthy tissues or the sensitive endothelium cells.

Abstract translation: 提供了治疗动脉粥样硬化的方法和装置，其中动脉通过扩张动脉而部分闭合，同时保留其重要且敏感的内皮层。具有3GHz至300GHz频率的微波能量传播到动脉壁中以产生所需温度曲线 其中组织深度足以热破坏结缔组织并软化脂肪和蜡状斑块，同时限制包括内皮激光和/或其它健康组织，器官和血液在内的周围组织的加热。 在动脉粥样硬化病变期间将温度升高约20℃的可能期望量的加热时间可以小于约1秒。 在本发明的一个实施例中，使用自旋斜面波导天线以25GHz或30GHz至约300GHz的频率传送微波能量，并且朝着动脉的特定径向扇区聚焦。 由于动脉粥样硬化病变通常不对称地布置，可直接或聚焦的加热保留了动脉的健康部分，并且比非定向束更快地将能量施加到不对称定位的病变处。 计算机模拟预测给定条件下的等温温度曲线，人们可以用于选择功率，脉冲持续时间，波束宽度和操作频率，以最大限度地提高能量沉积并控制动脉粥样硬化病变中的热升高，而不会伤害健康组织或敏感内皮细胞 。

公开(公告)号：US06944504B1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-13

申请号：US10302323

申请日：2002-11-19

Applicant: G. Dickey Arndt ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  James R. Carl ,  W. Raffoul George

Inventor： G. Dickey Arndt ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  James R. Carl ,  W. Raffoul George

IPC: A61F2/00

CPC classification number: A61B18/18 ,  A61B18/1815 ,  A61N5/045

Abstract: Methods, simulations, and apparatus are provided that may be utilized for medical treatments which are especially suitable for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of separate microwave antennas are utilized to heat prostatic tissue to promote necrosing of the prostatic tissue that relieves the pressure of the prostatic tissue against the urethra as the body reabsorbs the necrosed or dead tissue. By utilizing constructive and destructive interference of the microwave transmission, the energy can be deposited on the tissues to be necrosed while protecting other tissues such as the urethra. Saline injections to alter the conductivity of the tissues may also be used to further focus the energy deposits. A computer simulation is provided that can be used to predict the resulting temperature profile produced in the prostatic tissue. By changing the various control features of one or more catheters and the methods of applying microwave energy, a temperature profile can be predicted and produced that is similar to the temperature profile desired for the particular patient.

Abstract translation: 提供了可用于特别适用于治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）的医学治疗的方法，模拟和装置。 在优选实施例中，利用多个单独的微波天线来加热前列腺组织以促进前列腺组织的坏死，当身体重新吸收坏死或死亡的组织时，前列腺组织抵抗尿道减轻前列腺组织的压力。 通过利用微波传播的结构性和破坏性干扰，可以将能量沉积在待坏死的组织上，同时保护其他组织如尿道。 用于改变组织的电导率的盐水注射也可用于进一步聚焦能量沉积物。 提供了可用于预测在前列腺组织中产生的最终温度曲线的计算机模拟。 通过改变一个或多个导管的各种控制特征以及施加微波能量的方法，可以预测和产生类似于特定患者所期望的温度曲线的温度分布。

公开(公告)号：US06501414B2

公开(公告)日：2002-12-31

申请号：US09826402

申请日：2001-04-02

Applicant: G. Dickey Arndt ,  James R. Carl ,  Kent A. Byerly ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  Larry G. Stolarczyk

Inventor： G. Dickey Arndt ,  James R. Carl ,  Kent A. Byerly ,  Phong H. Ngo ,  Larry G. Stolarczyk

IPC: G01S1300

CPC classification number: F41H11/12 ,  G01S13/0209 ,  G01S13/885 ,  G01V3/12

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for detecting anomalies in microwave penetrable material that may be used for locating plastic mines or pipes underneath the ground. A transmitter is positioned at a plurality of different positions above the ground. A microwave signal is transmitted that is stepped over a plurality of frequencies. At each position, a plurality of reflections are received corresponding to each of the plurality of frequencies that were transmitted. A complex target vector may be produced at each position that contains complex values corresponding to magnitude, phase, and time delay for each of the plurality of reflections received at that location. A complex reference data vector may be produced, either based on predetermined values or based on data from the received plurality of reflections. A comparison is made between the complex target vector and the complex reference data vector to produce a channel vector. In one embodiment, an operator may be applied to the channel vector such as a complex filter matrix or to add a complex conjugate. A response signal is produced and anomalies are detected by variations in the response signal with respect to the plurality of positions.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于检测可用于定位地下塑料矿或管道的微波穿透材料中的异常的装置和方法。 发射机位于地面上方的多个不同位置。 发送在多个频率上阶梯的微波信号。 在每个位置处，对应于所发送的多个频率中的每一个接收多个反射。 可以在每个位置处产生复目标矢量，该位置包含对应于在该位置处接收的多个反射中的每个反射的幅度，相位和时间延迟的复数值。 可以基于预定值或基于来自接收到的多个反射的数据来产生复参考数据向量。 在复目标矢量和复参考数据矢量之间进行比较以产生通道矢量。 在一个实施例中，可以将运算符应用于诸如复数滤波器矩阵的信道向量，或者添加复共轭。 产生响应信号并且通过响应信号相对于多个位置的变化来检测异常。

公开(公告)号：US06175768B1

公开(公告)日：2001-01-16

申请号：US09154622

申请日：1998-09-16

Applicant: G. Dickey Arndt ,  James R. Carl ,  George W. Raffoul ,  Vincent G. Karasack ,  Antonio Pacifico ,  Carl F. Pieper

Inventor： G. Dickey Arndt ,  James R. Carl ,  George W. Raffoul ,  Vincent G. Karasack ,  Antonio Pacifico ,  Carl F. Pieper

IPC: A61F200

CPC classification number: A61F2/00 ,  A61B18/1206 ,  A61B18/1492 ,  A61B18/18 ,  A61B18/1815 ,  A61B2018/00351 ,  A61B2018/00577 ,  A61B2018/00732 ,  A61B2018/00791 ,  A61B2018/1861 ,  A61N1/06

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for propagating microwave energy into heart tissues to produce a desired temperature profile therein at tissue depths sufficient for thermally ablating arrhythmogenic cardiac tissue to treat ventricular tachycardia and other arrhythmias while preventing excessive heating of surrounding tissues, organs, and blood. A wide bandwidth double-disk antenna (700) is effective for this purpose over a bandwidth of about six gigahertz. A computer simulation provides initial screening capabilities for an antenna such as antenna, frequency, power level, and power application duration. The simulation also allows optimization of techniques for specific patients or conditions. In operation, microwave energy between about 1 Gigahertz and 12 Gigahertz is applied to monopole microwave radiator (600) having a surface wave limiter (606). A test setup provides physical testing of microwave radiators (854) to determine the temperature profile created in actual heart tissue or ersatz heart tissue (841). Saline solution (872) pumped over the heart tissue (841) with a peristaltic pump (862) simulates blood flow. Optical temperature sensors (838) disposed at various tissue depths within the heart tissue (841) detect the temperature profile without creating any electromagnetic interference. The method may be used to produce a desired temperature profile in other body tissues reachable by catheter (510) such as tumors and the like.

Abstract translation: 提供的方法和装置用于将微波能量传播到心脏组织中以在组织深度处产生期望的温度曲线，该组织深度足以热消融致心律失常性心脏组织以治疗室性心动过速和其他心律不齐，同时防止周围组织，器官和血液的过度加热。 宽带宽双盘天线（700）在大约六千兆赫的带宽上对此有效。 计算机模拟提供天线的初始屏蔽能力，例如天线，频率，功率电平和功率应用持续时间。 该模拟还允许优化特定患者或病症的技术。 在操作中，在具有表面波限制器（606）的单极微波辐射器（600）上施加约1吉赫兹与12千赫兹之间的微波能量。 测试设置提供微波辐射器（854）的物理测试，以确定在实际心脏组织或ersatz心脏组织中产生的温度曲线（841）。 用蠕动泵（862）泵送在心脏组织（841）上的盐水溶液（872）模拟血流量。 设置在心脏组织（841）内的各种组织深度处的光学温度传感器（838）检测温度曲线，而不产生任何电磁干扰。 该方法可以用于在由诸如肿瘤等的导管（510）可到达的其他身体组织中产生期望的温度分布。