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公开(公告)号：US20110248250A1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-13
申请号：US13124991
申请日：2008-10-23
申请人： Brian D'Andrade , Julia J. Brown , Michael S. Weaver , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Chishio Hosokawa , Masahiro Kawamura , Mitsunori Ito
发明人： Brian D'Andrade , Julia J. Brown , Michael S. Weaver , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Chishio Hosokawa , Masahiro Kawamura , Mitsunori Ito
IPC分类号： H01L51/54
CPC分类号： H01L51/5016 , C07C15/28 , C07C15/30 , C07C15/38 , C07C2603/26 , C07C2603/42 , C07C2603/48 , C07C2603/52 , C09K11/06 , C09K2211/1011 , C09K2211/1029 , C09K2211/185 , H01L51/0052 , H01L51/0054 , H01L51/0055 , H01L51/0058 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/0094
摘要： The present invention provides an OLED in which an organic thin film layer comprising a single layer or plural layers is provided between a cathode and an anode, where the organic thin film layer comprises at least one light emitting layer, and the at least one light emitting layer comprises (a) a host material represented by the following Formula (1): Ra—Ar1—Ar2—Rb (1) where Ar1, Ar2, Ra and Rb represent a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring or a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene ring, chrysene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluoranthene ring, triphenylene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzophenanthrene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzophenanthrene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzotriphenylene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzochrysene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted picene ring and a substituted or unsubstituted benzofluoranthene ring; and (b) at least one phosphorescent material comprises a phosphorescent organometallic complex having a substituted chemical structure represented by one of the following partial chemical structures represented by the formulas: wherein each R is independently hydrogen or an alkyl substituent having 1-3 carbon atoms, and wherein at least one ring of the formula has one or more of said alkyl substituent.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种OLED，其中在阴极和阳极之间设置包括单层或多层的有机薄膜层，其中有机薄膜层包括至少一个发光层，并且所述至少一个发光 层包含（a）由下式（1）表示的主体材料：Ra-Ar1-Ar2-Rb（1）其中Ar1，Ar2，Ra和Rb表示取代或未取代的苯环或稠合芳族烃基， 取代或未取代的萘环，环，取代或未取代的荧蒽环，三亚苯环，取代或未取代的菲环，取代或未取代的苯并菲环，取代或未取代的二苯并菲环，取代或未取代的苯并亚苯基环， 或未取代的苯并环，取代或未取代的吡啶环和取代或未取代的苯并环 香叶烯环 和（b）至少一种磷光材料包含具有由下式表示的以下部分化学结构之一表示的取代的化学结构的磷光有机金属络合物：其中每个R独立地是氢或具有1-3个碳原子的烷基取代基， 并且其中至少一个下式的环具有一个或多个所述烷基取代基。
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公开(公告)号：US09112171B2
公开(公告)日：2015-08-18
申请号：US13124991
申请日：2008-10-23
申请人： Brian D'Andrade , Julia J. Brown , Michael S. Weaver , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Chishio Hosokawa , Masahiro Kawamura , Mitsunori Ito
发明人： Brian D'Andrade , Julia J. Brown , Michael S. Weaver , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Chishio Hosokawa , Masahiro Kawamura , Mitsunori Ito
CPC分类号： H01L51/5016 , C07C15/28 , C07C15/30 , C07C15/38 , C07C2603/26 , C07C2603/42 , C07C2603/48 , C07C2603/52 , C09K11/06 , C09K2211/1011 , C09K2211/1029 , C09K2211/185 , H01L51/0052 , H01L51/0054 , H01L51/0055 , H01L51/0058 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/0094
摘要： The present invention provides an OLED in which an organic thin film layer comprising a single layer or plural layers is provided between a cathode and an anode, where the organic thin film layer comprises at least one light emitting layer, and the at least one light emitting layer comprises (a) a host material represented by the following Formula (1): Ra—Ar1—Ar2—Rb (1) where Ar1, Ar2, Ra and Rb represent a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring or a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene ring, chrysene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluoranthene ring, triphenylene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzophenanthrene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzophenanthrene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzotriphenylene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted benzochrysene ring, a substituted or unsubstituted picene ring and a substituted or unsubstituted benzofluoranthene ring; and (b) at least one phosphorescent material comprises a phosphorescent organometallic complex having a substituted chemical structure represented by one of the following partial chemical structures represented by the formulas: wherein each R is independently hydrogen or an alkyl substituent having 1-3 carbon atoms, and wherein at least one ring of the formula has one or more of said alkyl substituent.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种OLED，其中在阴极和阳极之间设置包括单层或多层的有机薄膜层，其中有机薄膜层包括至少一个发光层，并且所述至少一个发光 层包含（a）由下式（1）表示的主体材料：Ra-Ar1-Ar2-Rb（1）其中Ar1，Ar2，Ra和Rb表示取代或未取代的苯环或稠合芳族烃基， 取代或未取代的萘环，环，取代或未取代的荧蒽环，三亚苯环，取代或未取代的菲环，取代或未取代的苯并菲环，取代或未取代的二苯并菲环，取代或未取代的苯并亚苯基环， 或未取代的苯并环，取代或未取代的吡啶环和取代或未取代的苯并环 香叶烯环 和（b）至少一种磷光材料包含具有由下式表示的以下部分化学结构之一表示的取代的化学结构的磷光有机金属络合物：其中每个R独立地是氢或具有1-3个碳原子的烷基取代基， 并且其中至少一个下式的环具有一个或多个所述烷基取代基。
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公开(公告)号：US20130126832A1
公开(公告)日：2013-05-23
申请号：US13642693
申请日：2010-07-07
申请人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Chishio Hosokawa , Toshinari Ogiwara
发明人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Chishio Hosokawa , Toshinari Ogiwara
IPC分类号： H01L51/00
CPC分类号： H01L51/0058 , H01L51/0072 , H01L51/0081 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/5016 , H01L2251/308
摘要： The present invention provides an OLED in which an organic thin film layer comprising a single layer or plural layers between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises at least one organic light emitting layer, wherein at least one light emitting layer comprises at least one host material and at least one phosphorescent emitter material, wherein the host material comprises a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon compound having the chemical structure represented by the formula (A-I): formula (A-1) wherein R1 and R2 each represent independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms; Ar1 represents a divalent residue of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a chrysene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a benzophenanthrene ring, a dibenzophenanthrene ring, a benzo[a]triphenylene ring, a benzochrysene ring, a fluoranthene ring, a benzo[b]fluoranthene ring, a chrysene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a benzophenanthrene ring, a dibenzophenanthrene ring, a benzo[a]triphenylene ring, a benzochrysene ring, a fluoranthene ring, a benzo[b]fluoranthene ring or a picene ring; and Ar1 and Ar2 each may have independently one or plural substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having about 5 to about 7 ring-forming carbon atoms, a silyl group having about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a halogen atom and an aryl group having about 6 to about 16 ring-forming carbon atoms; and the phosphorescent emitter material comprises a phosphorescent organometallic complex having a substituted chemical structure represented by one of the following partial chemical structures represented by the formulae: formulae (I), (II), (III) wherein R is independently hydrogen or an alkyl substituent having 1-3 carbon atoms, and wherein at least one ring of the formula has one or more of said alkyl substituent.
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公开(公告)号：US08941099B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-27
申请号：US13642693
申请日：2010-07-07
申请人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Chishio Hosokawa , Toshinari Ogiwara
发明人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Chishio Hosokawa , Toshinari Ogiwara
IPC分类号： H01L35/24
CPC分类号： H01L51/0058 , H01L51/0072 , H01L51/0081 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/5016 , H01L2251/308
摘要： The present invention provides an OLED in which an organic thin film layer comprising a single layer or plural layers between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises at least one organic light emitting layer, wherein at least one light emitting layer comprises at least one host material and at least one phosphorescent emitter material, wherein the host material comprises a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon compound having the chemical structure represented by the formula (A-I): formula (A-1) wherein R1 and R2 each represent independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms; Ar1 represents a divalent residue of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a chrysene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a benzophenanthrene ring, a dibenzophenanthrene ring, a benzo[a]triphenylene ring, a benzochrysene ring, a fluoranthene ring, a benzo[b]fluoranthene ring or picene ring; and Ar2 represents a monovalent residue of a naphthalene ring, a chrysene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a benzophenanthrene ring, a dibenzophenanthrene ring, a benzo[a]triphenylene ring, a benzochrysene ring, a fluoranthene ring, a benzo[b]fluoranthene ring or a picene ring; and Ar1 and Ar2 each may have independently one or plural substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having about 5 to about 7 ring-forming carbon atoms, a silyl group having about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a halogen atom and an aryl group having about 6 to about 16 ring-forming carbon atoms; and the phosphorescent emitter material comprises a phosphorescent organometallic complex having a substituted chemical structure represented by one of the following partial chemical structures represented by the formulae: formulae (I), (II), (III) wherein R is independently hydrogen or an alkyl substituent having 1-3 carbon atoms, and wherein at least one ring of the formula has one or more of said alkyl substituent.
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公开(公告)号：US20130306961A1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-21
申请号：US13995216
申请日：2011-02-11
申请人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Tomoki Kato , Mitsunori Ito
发明人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Tomoki Kato , Mitsunori Ito
IPC分类号： H01L51/50
CPC分类号： H01L51/5028 , H01L51/0059 , H01L51/0067 , H01L51/0072 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/5016
摘要： The present invention provides an OLED in which an organic thin film emissive layer comprising a single layer or plural layers between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises at least one organic light emitting layer, wherein at least one light emitting layer comprises at least one host material and at least one phosphorescent emitter material, wherein the host material comprises a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon compound having the chemical structure represented by the following formula: wherein at least one of Ar1 to Ar3 is represented by the following formula: wherein at least X1 to X3 are independently a nitrogen atom or CR2, provided that two of X1 to X3 are a nitrogen atom, R1 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group, R2 is a hydrogen atom or a group represented by R1, a is an integer of 1 to 2 and n is an integer of 0 to 3, L1 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, L2 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, at most two of Ar1 to Ar3 that are not the group of formula (2) are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, when L1, L2 and/or at most two of Ar1 to Ar3 that are not the group of formula (2) are a substituted group, the substitutes are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 ring atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group, when two or more of Ar1 to Ar3 are the groups of formula (2), the groups of formula (2) may be the same or different, when a is 2, R1s may be the same or different, and when n is 2 or more, L2s may be the same or different; and the phosphorescent emitter material comprises a phosphorescent organometallic complex having a substituted chemical structure represented by one of the following partial chemical structures represented by the following formulas: wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, CN, CF3, CnF2n+1, trifluorovinyl, CO2R, C(O)R, NR2, NO2, OR, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl or a heterocyclic group.
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公开(公告)号：US20130306960A1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-21
申请号：US13995193
申请日：2011-02-11
申请人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Mitsunori Ito
发明人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Mitsunori Ito
IPC分类号： H01L51/50
CPC分类号： H01L51/5028 , H01L51/0054 , H01L51/0058 , H01L51/0059 , H01L51/0072 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/5012
摘要： The present invention provides an OLED in which an organic thin film emissive layer comprising a single layer or plural layers between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises at least one organic light emitting layer, wherein at least one light emitting layer comprises at least one host material and at least one phosphorescent emitter material, wherein the host material comprises a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon compound having the chemical structure represented by the following formula (1): wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a benzene ring, a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a dibenzofuran ring or a group represented by Ar3—R3; Ar1 to Ar3 each independently represent a benzene ring, a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a dibenzofuran ring; R1 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a benzene ring, a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon ring, or a dibenzofuran ring; the condensed aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by R1 to R3 and Ar1 to Ar3 is selected from the group consisting of a naphthalene ring, a chrysene ring, a fluoranthene ring, a triphenylene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a benzophenanthrene ring, a dibenzophenanthrene ring, a benzotriphenylene ring, a benzochrysene ring, and a benzo[b]fluoranthene ring; and R1 to R3, Ar1 to Ar3 and 2,7-disubstituted naphthalene ring each independently may have one or more substituents; with the proviso that when Ar1 and Ar2 each represents a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon constituted by four or more-membered ring, Ar1 and Ar2 are different from each other; wherein when Ar1 and Ar2 each represents a benzene ring, R1 and R2 cannot both be a hydrogen atom or a naphthalene ring at the same time; and when R1 and R2 each represents a hydrogen atom, Ar1 and Ar2 cannot both be a naphthalene ring at the same time or a combination of a naphthalene ring and a benzene ring; and the phosphorescent emitter material comprises a phosphorescent organometallic complex having a substituted chemical structure represented by one of the following partial chemical structures represented by the following formulas: wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, CN, CF3, CnF2n+1, trifluorovinyl, CO2R, C(O)R, NR2, NO2, OR, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl or a heterocyclic group.
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公开(公告)号：US20130306963A1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-21
申请号：US13995319
申请日：2011-02-11
申请人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Tetsuya Inoue , Mitsunori Ito
发明人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Tetsuya Inoue , Mitsunori Ito
IPC分类号： H01L51/50
CPC分类号： H01L51/5028 , H01L51/0059 , H01L51/0072 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/5016
摘要： The OLEDs of the present invention are characterized by providing an organic thin film layer comprising a single layer or plural layers between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises at least one organic light emitting layer, wherein at least one light emitting layer comprises at least one host material and at least one phosphorescent emitter material, wherein the host material comprises a bis-carbazole derivative host material; and the phosphorescent emitter material comprises a phosphorescent organometallic complex having a substituted chemical structure represented by one of the following partial chemical structures represented by the formula: LL′L″M wherein M is a metal that forms octahedral complexes, L, L′, L″ are equivalent or inequivalent bidentate ligands wherein each L comprises a substituted or unsubstituted phenylpyridine ligand coordinated to M through an sp2 hybridized carbon and N; and one of L, L′ and L″ is inequivalent to at least one of the other two.
摘要翻译： 本发明的OLED的特征在于提供一种在阴极和阳极之间包含单层或多层的有机薄膜层，其中有机薄膜层包括至少一个有机发光层，其中至少一种发光 层包含至少一种主体材料和至少一种磷光发射体材料，其中所述主体材料包含双咔唑衍生物主体材料; 并且磷光发射体材料包含具有由下式表示的下列部分化学结构之一代替的取代的化学结构的磷光有机金属络合物：其中M是形成八面体络合物的金属，L，L'， L“是相当或不等价的二齿配位体，其中每个L包含通过sp2杂化的碳和N与M配位的取代或未取代的苯基吡啶配体; L，L'和L“中的一个与其他两个中的至少一个不同。
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公开(公告)号：US09601708B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-21
申请号：US13995319
申请日：2011-02-11
申请人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Tetsuya Inoue , Mitsunori Ito
发明人： Hitoshi Yamamoto , Michael S. Weaver , Julia J. Brown , Kazuki Nishimura , Toshihiro Iwakuma , Tetsuya Inoue , Mitsunori Ito
CPC分类号： H01L51/5028 , H01L51/0059 , H01L51/0072 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/5016
摘要： The OLEDs of the present invention are characterized by providing an organic thin film layer comprising a single layer or plural layers between a cathode and an anode, wherein the organic thin film layer comprises at least one organic light emitting layer, wherein at least one light emitting layer comprises at least one host material and at least one phosphorescent emitter material, wherein the host material comprises a bis-carbazole derivative host material; and the phosphorescent emitter material comprises a phosphorescent organometallic complex having a substituted chemical structure represented by one of the following partial chemical structures represented by the formula: LL′L″M wherein M is a metal that forms octahedral complexes, L, L′, L″ are equivalent or inequivalent bidentate ligands wherein each L comprises a substituted or unsubstituted phenylpyridine ligand coordinated to M through an sp2 hybridized carbon and N; and one of L, L′ and L″ is inequivalent to at least one of the other two.
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公开(公告)号：US09985232B2
公开(公告)日：2018-05-29
申请号：US14400352
申请日：2012-05-17
IPC分类号： H01L51/00 , H01L51/50 , C07D209/82 , C09K11/06 , C07D401/14 , C07D405/14 , H05B33/20
CPC分类号： H01L51/5016 , C07D209/82 , C07D401/14 , C07D405/14 , C09K11/06 , C09K2211/1007 , C09K2211/1029 , C09K2211/185 , H01L51/0059 , H01L51/0067 , H01L51/0072 , H01L51/0073 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/5012 , H01L2251/5384 , H05B33/20
摘要： An organic electroluminescence device utilizes a novel combination of one or more biscarbazole derivative compounds as the phosphorescent host material in combination with an organometallic phosphorescent material as a dopant in the light emitting region of the device, where the biscarbazole derivative compounds are represented by a formula (1A) or (2A) below: where A1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having 1 to 30 ring carbon atoms; A2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having 1 to 30 ring carbon atoms; X1 and X2 each are a linking group; Y1 to Y4 each represent a substituent; p and q represent an integer of 1 to 4; and r and s represent an integer of 1 to 3; and the organometallic phosphorescent material is a compound having a substituted chemical structure represented by the formula (4A): where each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylaryl, CN, CF3, CnF2n+1, trifluorovinyl, CO2R, C(O)R, NR2, NO2, OR, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or a heterocyclic group; M is a platinum group metal; Ar′, Ar″, Ar′″ and Ar″″ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl substituent on the phenylpyridine ligand; a is 0 or 1; b is 0 or 1; c is 0 or 1; d is 0 or 1; m is 1 or 2; n is 1 or 2; m+n is the maximum number of ligands that can be coordinated to M, and wherein at least one of a, b, c, and d is 1 and when at least one of a and b is 1 and at least one of b and c is 1, at least one of Ar′ and Ar″ is different from at least one of Ar′″ and Ar″″.
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公开(公告)号：US20150194621A1
公开(公告)日：2015-07-09
申请号：US14400352
申请日：2012-05-17
IPC分类号： H01L51/50
CPC分类号： H01L51/5016 , C07D209/82 , C07D401/14 , C07D405/14 , C09K11/06 , C09K2211/1007 , C09K2211/1029 , C09K2211/185 , H01L51/0059 , H01L51/0067 , H01L51/0072 , H01L51/0073 , H01L51/0085 , H01L51/5012 , H01L2251/5384 , H05B33/20
摘要： An organic electroluminescence device utilizes a novel combination of one or more biscarbazole derivative compounds as the phosphorescent host material in combination with an organometallic phosphorescent material as a dopant in the light emitting region of the device, where the biscarbazole derivative compounds are represented by a formula (1A) or (2A) below: (1A), (2A) where A1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having 1 to 30 ring carbon atoms; A2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having 1 to 30 ring carbon atoms; Xi and X2 each are a linking group; Y1 to Y4 each represent a substituent; p and q represent an integer of 1 to 4; and r and s represent an integer of 1 to 3; and the organometallic phosphorescent material is a compound having a substituted chemical structure represented by the formula (4A): where each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylaryl, CN, CF3, CnF2n+1, trifluorovinyl, CO2R, C(O)R, NR2, NO2, OR, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or a heterocyclic group; M is a platinum group metal; Ar′, Ar″, Ar′″ and Ar″″ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl substituent on the phenylpyridine ligand; a is 0 or 1; b is 0 or 1; c is 0 or 1; d is 0 or 1; m is 1 or 2; n is 1 or 2; m+n is the maximum number of ligands that can be coordinated to M, and wherein at least one of a, b, c, and d is 1 and when at least one of a and b is 1 and at least one of b and c is 1, at least one of Ar′ and Ar″ is different from at least one of Ar′″ and Ar″″.
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