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公开(公告)号：US20050034534A1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-17
申请号：US10661401
申请日：2003-09-11
申请人： Cindy Harnett , Robert Crocker , Bruce Mosier , Pamela Caton , James Stamps
发明人： Cindy Harnett , Robert Crocker , Bruce Mosier , Pamela Caton , James Stamps
CPC分类号： G01F1/7088
摘要： A device for measuring fluid flow rates over a wide range of flow rates ( 10 μL/min) and at pressures at least as great as 2,000 psi. The invention is particularly adapted for use in microfluidic systems. The device operates by producing compositional variations in the fluid, or pulses, that are subsequently detected downstream from the point of creation to derive a flow rate. Each pulse, comprising a small fluid volume, whose composition is different from the mean composition of the fluid, can be created by electrochemical means, such as by electrolysis of a solvent, electrolysis of a dissolved species, or electrodialysis of a dissolved ionic species. Measurements of the conductivity of the fluid can be used to detect the arrival time of the pulses, from which the fluid flow rate can be determined. A pair of spaced apart electrodes can be used to produce the electrochemical pulse. In those instances where it is desired to measure a wide range of fluid flow rates a three electrode configuration in which the electrodes are spaced at unequal distances has been found to be desirable.
摘要翻译： 用于在宽的流量范围（<1nL / min至>10μL/ min）和至少高达2,000psi的压力下测量流体流速的装置。 本发明特别适用于微流体系统。 该装置通过产生流体或脉冲中的组成变化来操作，随后从创建点下游检测出流体或脉冲以导出流量。 可以通过电化学方法，例如通过溶剂的电解，溶解的物质的电解或溶解的离子物质的电渗析来产生包含小的流体体积的每个脉冲，其组成不同于流体的平均组成。 可以使用流体的电导率的测量来检测脉冲的到达时间，从而可以确定流体流速。 可以使用一对间隔开的电极来产生电化学脉冲。 在需要测量各种流体流速的情况下，已经发现其中电极以不等距离间隔开的三电极配置是期望的。
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公开(公告)号：US20060127238A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-15
申请号：US11016310
申请日：2004-12-15
申请人： Bruce Mosier , Robert Crocker , Kamlesh Patel , Cindy Harnett
发明人： Bruce Mosier , Robert Crocker , Kamlesh Patel , Cindy Harnett
IPC分类号： F04B53/00
CPC分类号： F04B19/006 , B01L3/0293 , B01L3/5027 , B01L2200/143 , B01L2400/0415 , G01N35/1016 , G01N2030/285 , G01N2030/326 , G01N2035/1034
摘要： An apparatus that couples automated injection with flow feedback to provide nanoliter accuracy in controlling microliter volumes. The apparatus comprises generally a source of hydraulic fluid pressure, a fluid isolator joined to the outlet of the hydraulic pressure source and a flow sensor to provide pressure-driven analyte metering. For operation generally and particularly in microfluidic systems the hydraulic pressure source is typically an electrokinetic (EK) pump that incorporates gasless electrodes. The apparatus is capable of metering sub-microliter volumes at flowrates of 1-100 μL/min into microsystem load pressures of up to 1000-50 psi, respectively. Flowrates can be specified within 0.5 μL/min and volumes as small as 80 nL can be metered.
摘要翻译： 将自动注射与流量反馈相结合的装置，以提供纳升精度来控制微升体积。 该装置通常包括液压流体压力源，连接到液压源的出口的流体隔离器和用于提供压力驱动的分析物计量的流量传感器。 对于一般而且特别是在微流体系统中的操作，液压源通常是包含无气体电极的电动（EK）泵。 该装置能够以1-100μL/ min的流量计量分数达到1000-50psi的微系统负荷压力的亚微升体积。 流量可以在0.5 muL / min范围内，体积小至80 nL可以计量。
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公开(公告)号：US20050254967A1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-17
申请号：US10848196
申请日：2004-05-17
申请人： Bruce Mosier , Robert Crocker
发明人： Bruce Mosier , Robert Crocker
CPC分类号： F04B19/006 , F04B35/04
摘要： Gas bubble-free electrodes are necessary for stable long-term operation of millimeter-scale electrokinetic (EK) pumps when currents exceed 10-50 μA. An accompanying Technical Advance describes EK pumps that draw 1-3 mA. We have developed gasless and gas bubble-free electrodes that can run millimeter-scale (and smaller) EK pumps continuously at high current densities. Two types of gasless electrodes based on porous carbon and ruthenium/tantalum-on-titanium oxides have been developed that are supercapacitors which store ions from a fluid electrolyte. The gas bubble-free electrodes isolate gas generated by water electrolysis of the pump fluid from the fluid channels by means of an electrically-conductive polymer. Nafion® tubing is a cationic-selective polymer that is used to pass currents and water for electrolysis at titanium and platinum surfaces. The gas bubble-free electrodes are easy to fabricate and can operate well even with typical, low-conductivity electrolytes. The gas bubble-free cathode seals to 1500 psi for high-pressure microhydraulic actuation
摘要翻译： 当电流超过10-50 muA时，毫米级电动（EK）泵的稳定长期运行是无气泡电极所必需的。 随附的技术进步描述了抽取1-3 mA的EK泵。 我们开发了无气泡和无气泡的电极，可以在高电流密度下连续运行毫米级（或更小）的EK泵。 已经开发了基于多孔碳和钌/钽 - 氧化钛氧化物的两种类型的无电极电极，其是存储来自流体电解质的离子的超级电容器。 无气泡电极通过导电聚合物将泵流体的水电解产生的气体与流体通道隔离。 Nafion®管是一种阳离子选择性聚合物，用于在钛和铂表面通过电流和水进行电解。 无气泡的电极易于制造，并且即使使用典型的低电导率电解质也能够良好地运行。 无气泡阴极密封到1500 psi，用于高压微液压致动
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公开(公告)号：US20050252776A1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-17
申请号：US10848201
申请日：2004-05-17
申请人： Bruce Mosier , Robert Crocker
发明人： Bruce Mosier , Robert Crocker
CPC分类号： F04B19/006
摘要： Electrokinetic (“EK”) pumps convert electric to mechanical work when an electric field exerts a body force on ions in the Debye layer of a fluid in a packed-bed, which then viscously drags the fluid. Porous silica and polymer monoliths (2.5-mm O.D., and 6-mm to 10-mm length) having a narrow pore size distribution have been developed that are capable of large pressure gradients (250-500 psi/mm) when large electric fields (1000-1500 V/cm) are applied. Flowrates up to 200 μL/min and delivery pressures up to 1200 psi have been demonstrated. Forces up to 5 lb-force at 0.5 mm/s (12 mW) have been demonstrated with a battery-powered DC-DC converter. Hydraulic power of 17 mW (900 psi@ 180 uL/min) has been demonstrated with wall-powered high voltage supplies. The force and stroke delivered by an actuator utilizing an EK pump are shown to exceed the output of solenoids, stepper motors, and DC motors of similar size, despite the low thermodynamic efficiency.
摘要翻译： 当电场对填充床中的流体的德拜层中的离子施加身体力时，电动（“EK”）泵将电力转换为机械作业，然后粘性拖动流体。 已经开发了具有窄孔径分布的多孔二氧化硅和聚合物整料（2.5mm外径，6mm至10mm长度），当大电场时（250-500psi / mm）能够具有大的压力梯度（250-500psi / mm） 1000-1500V / cm）。 流量达200μL/ min，输送压力高达1200 psi。 已经用电池供电的DC-DC转换器证明了以0.5mm / s（12mW）达5磅力的力。 液压功率为17 mW（900 psi @ 180 uL / min）已被证明与壁式高压电源。 使用EK泵的执行机构传递的力和行程显示出超过了类似尺寸的螺线管，步进电机和直流电机的输出，尽管热力学效率低。
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