摘要:
Methods of modifying the rate of systemic absorption of a drug administered to a subject by a pulmonary route, the method comprising covalently conjugating a hydrophilic polymer to a drug, wherein the drug has a half-life of elimination from the lung of less than about 180 minutes, to form a drug-polymer conjugate, wherein the drug-polymer conjugate has a net hydrophilic character and a weight average molecular weight of from about 50 to about 20,000 Daltons, and wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug-polymer conjugate is at least about 1.5-fold greater than the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug, wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung is measured by bronchoalveolar lavage followed by assaying residual lung material.
摘要:
Methods of modifying the rate of systemic absorption of a drug administered to a subject by a pulmonary route, the method comprising covalently conjugating a hydrophilic polymer to a drug, wherein the drug has a half-life of elimination from the lung of less than about 180 minutes, to form a drug-polymer conjugate, wherein the drug-polymer conjugate has a net hydrophilic character and a weight average molecular weight of from about 50 to about 20,000 Daltons, and wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug-polymer conjugate is at least about 1.5-fold greater than the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug, wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung is measured by bronchoalveolar lavage followed by assaying residual lung material.
摘要:
Methods of modifying the rate of systemic absorption of a drug administered to a subject by a pulmonary route, the method comprising covalently conjugating a hydrophilic polymer to a drug, wherein the drug has a half-life of elimination from the lung of less than about 180 minutes, to form a drug-polymer conjugate, wherein the drug-polymer conjugate has a net hydrophilic character and a weight average molecular weight of from about 50 to about 20,000 Daltons, and wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug-polymer conjugate is at least about 1.5-fold greater than the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug, wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung is measured by bronchoalveolar lavage followed by assaying residual lung material.
摘要:
Methods of modifying the rate of systemic absorption of a drug administered to a subject by a pulmonary route, the method comprising covalently conjugating a hydrophilic polymer to a drug, wherein the drug has a half-life of elimination from the lung of less than about 180 minutes, to form a drug-polymer conjugate, wherein the drug-polymer conjugate has a net hydrophilic character and a weight average molecular weight of from about 50 to about 20,000 Daltons, and wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug-polymer conjugate is at least about 1.5-fold greater than the half-life of elimination from the lung of the drug, wherein the half-life of elimination from the lung is measured by bronchoalveolar lavage followed by assaying residual lung material.
摘要:
An aerosolizable formulation comprises free-base nicotine, an organic acid, and a hydrofluoroalkane propellant. The organic acid is present in a mole ratio with said nicotine in a range of about 0.25:1 (organic acid:nicotine) to about 4:1 (organic acid:nicotine). The organic acid and said free-base nicotine form a nicotine salt. An equivalent mixture of free-base nicotine and organic acid in water has a pH between about pH 3.0 and about pH 9.0. The aerosolizable formulation is aerosolizable, for example, by a metered dose inhaler for administration to a user.
摘要:
The present disclosure relates to a high-speed and/or power-saving bi-directional transceiver. The transceiver generally includes a (burst) laser driver; an output power monitoring and indicating circuit; control logic (e.g., a microcontroller unit); bi-directional optics; a photodiode bias control circuit; a limiting amplifier; and a receiver optical power monitoring circuit. Optionally, the present transceiver includes a small form factor pluggable (SFP+) connector housing. In addition, the power-saving bi-directional transceiver generally includes a transmitter (TX) energy-saving circuit, a TX burst holding circuit, a receiver (RX) energy-saving circuit, a RX continuous holding circuit and the control logic.
摘要:
A burst-mode laser control circuit and related methods thereof are disclosed. Using an APC loop with an additional burst-mode control circuit, and a switch in series with a diode and in parallel with the laser, a continuous-mode laser driver is enabled to operate in burst-mode by turning the switch on or off via external logic. Burst-mode control manages the switch, and a bandwidth-select circuit using a high or low logic level input, wherein the laser is disabled and the bandwidth-select circuit enters a fast-track mode when the external logic signal has a first level. The laser provides regular optical signals, and the bandwidth-select circuit enters a slow-track mode, thereby enabling the APC loop to operate normally, when the external logic signal has a second level. In addition to a low cost and simple implementation, the control circuit and method provide lasers with a fast response capability using one or more externally-controlled switch circuits to meet demands of PON systems for burst-mode ONUs.
摘要:
A single probe percutaneous surgical instrument for de-bulking/removing thrombus/clog/calculi has an actuator assembly (4), a probe set (13), an operating switch (10), and a generator (12). The actuator assembly (4) has a proximal end (4a) and a distal end (4b), a cable connector (1), a suction connector (2), and actuator switch (3) mounted with the proximal end (4a) and a horn (5) mounted at the distal end (4b). The probe set (13) is mounted to the horn (5) and includes at least one disturber (6), a spring (7), a 10 spring adjusting nut (8) and a fixed probe (9), the cable connector (1) connecting to the generator (12) through a cable, and the suction connector (2) connecting to a suction system. The actuator switch (3) controls a probe vibration mode through the generator (12), the actuator assembly (4) comprising at least two piezoelectric ceramic rings (18) assembled with a bolt (15), the horn (5) and a back plated (16). The horn (5) is mounted on the distal end (4b) of the actuator assembly (4), the horn (5) being coupled with the bolt (15) and the piezoelectric rings (18), the at least one disturber (6) and the spring (7) being mounted on the fixed probe (9) using the spring adjusting nut (8). The generator (12) includes a microprocessor and the microprocessor is programmed to control the actuator vibration mode, the fixed probe optimal vibration frequency and the disturbing strength of the disturbers.