公开(公告)号：US06329657B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

申请号：US09070951

申请日：1998-05-01

申请人： Charles C. Watson ,  Ronald Nutt ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Michael E. Casey ,  William F. Jones

发明人： Charles C. Watson ,  Ronald Nutt ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Michael E. Casey ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1163

CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 ,  A61B6/037

摘要： A coincidence transmission source serves to detect coincident activity from a radiation source. The coincidence transmission source includes a detector dedicated to collecting attenuation data. A collimated radiation source and a detector are positioned with respect to a tomography device such that only a selected strip of the imaging detector of the tomograph is illuminated such that events unrelated to the attenuation are eliminated. The coincidence transmission source includes a collimator in which is disposed a radiation source. An opening is defined by the collimator for exposing a selected portion of the imaging detectors of the tomograph device. Positioned behind the radiation source, relative to the imaging detectors, is the dedicated attenuation detector. The attenuation detector and collimator are designed to illuminate only a strip of the imaging detector, thereby eliminating events not of interest in the attenuation measurement. In a dual head tomograph device, one coincidence transmission source of the present invention is disposed opposite each bank of imaging detectors. The sources and the associated collimators are positioned to the side of each head at a slight angle relative to the respective head. The sources and detectors are fixed relative to the imaging heads. In order to obtain full coverage of the field of view (FOV) in the same manner as for an emission scan, the heads and sources are rotated about the center of the camera.

摘要翻译： 符合传输源用于检测来自辐射源的重合活动。 重合传输源包括专用于收集衰减数据的检测器。 准直辐射源和检测器相对于断层摄影装置定位，使得只有层析成像仪的成像检测器的选定条带被照亮，从而消除与衰减无关的事件。 重合传输源包括其中设置有辐射源的准直仪。 由准直器限定开口以暴露层析成像装置的成像检测器的选定部分。 相对于成像检测器定位在辐射源之后，是专用的衰减检测器。 衰减检测器和准直器被设计为仅照射成像检测器的条带，从而消除衰减测量中不感兴趣的事件。 在双头断层摄影装置中，本发明的一个重合传播源与每一组成像检测器相对设置。 源和相关联的准直仪相对于相应的头部以相当小的角度定位在每个头部的侧面。 源和检测器相对于成像头是固定的。 为了以与发射扫描相同的方式获得视场（FOV）的全面覆盖，头部和源围绕照相机的中心旋转。

公开(公告)号：US5750991A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-12

申请号：US563268

申请日：1995-11-27

申请人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

发明人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/1615 ,  G01T1/2985

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form multi-dimensional attenuation correction data with a point source of radiation, such as required in positron emission tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of a selected each of the tomograph units for the formation of a 3-D image, or a selected portion of the tomograph units for a 2-D image. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation, in one embodiment, is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system. In another embodiment, the point source is a CT device.

摘要翻译： 用于产生放射性透射测量以用诸如正电子发射断层摄影应用中所需的点辐射源形成多维衰减校正数据的方法和装置。 这涉及到靠近所选择的每个断层摄影单元的面的点源，以形成3-D图像，或者用于2-D图像的所选断面图像单元的部分。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 在一个实施例中，该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的输送流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的导管快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算在 实现了位于层析扫描仪内的身体。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。 在另一个实施例中，点源是CT装置。

公开(公告)号：US5471061A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-28

申请号：US210960

申请日：1994-03-21

申请人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

发明人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/2985

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form a 2-D or a 3-D image with a point source of radiation, such as required in positron emission tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of a selected each of the tomograph units for the formation of a 3-D image, or a selected portion of the tomograph units for a 2-D image. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system.

摘要翻译： 用于产生放射性透射测量以形成具有点辐射源的2-D或3-D图像的方法和装置，例如正电子发射断层摄影应用中所需的。 这涉及到靠近所选择的每个断层摄影单元的面的点源，以形成3-D图像，或者用于2-D图像的所选断面图像单元的部分。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的运输流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的管道快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算位于层析成像仪内的体内的透射测量值 扫描仪实现。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。

公开(公告)号：US06852980B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-08

申请号：US09982344

申请日：2001-10-18

申请人： William F. Jones ,  Bernard Bendriem ,  Michael E. Casey

发明人： William F. Jones ,  Bernard Bendriem ,  Michael E. Casey

IPC分类号： G01T1/164 ,  G01T1/20 ,  G01T1/29

CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 ,  A61B6/037 ,  A61B6/5205

摘要： A method and apparatus for on-line DOI rebinning for LSO PET/SPECT to improve spatial resolution, for use in a hybrid Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) system running in PET-mode. Data acquisition hardware is used to feed a detector pair coincidence event stream to an on-line rebinner. Gamma centroid location measurements are made by rastering assumed transaxial and radial head positions and the corresponding rebinning maps for optimal back-projected image resolution. Optimal positions are found by collecting a 64-bit list mode file, assuming a crystal position as the centroid for each of the heads, defining a sequence for varying the assumed positions, making the rebinning look-up tables, rebinning the list mode data, histogramming and reconstructing the image, assessing the image resolution, recording the best resolution number and the associated trial position variables, repeating these on the next trial variable set.

摘要翻译： 用于LSO PET / SPECT的在线DOI重组以提高空间分辨率的方法和装置，用于以PET模式运行的混合正电子发射断层扫描（PET）/单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）系统。 数据采集​​硬件用于将检测器对重合事件流馈送到在线重组器。 伽马重心位置测量是通过对假设的横轴和径向头部位置以及相应的重新组合图进行掠夺来实现最佳背投影图像分辨率。 通过收集64位列表模式文件，假设晶体位置为每个头的质心，定义用于改变假定位置的序列，使重新排列查找表，重新列出列表模式数据，找到最佳位置， 直方图和重建图像，评估图像分辨率，记录最佳分辨率数字和相关联的试验位置变量，在下一个试验变量集中重复这些变量。

公开(公告)号：US20100061263A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-11

申请号：US12558055

申请日：2009-09-11

申请人： John E. Breeding ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Jimmy Everman ,  William F. Jones ,  Johhny H. Reed ,  Wing K. Luk

发明人： John E. Breeding ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Jimmy Everman ,  William F. Jones ,  Johhny H. Reed ,  Wing K. Luk

IPC分类号： H04L12/26

CPC分类号： G01T1/00 ,  H04L67/12 ,  H04L69/40

摘要： A system identifies when received packets are lost at a node in a multi-node processing chain. The system processing chain may include a gantry interface module for receiving coincident event data from a PET (Positron Emission Tomography) detector array, a DMA (direct memory access) rebinner card, and a transmission line coupled between the gantry interface module and the DMA card. FPGA and FIFO elements in each processing portion receive packets that may be lost if there is insufficient FIFO capacity. Lost packets are marked, discarded, and counted. At specified intervals, set in accordance with a threshold number of packets received a lost tally data packet is generated that includes count information for lost packets. The lost tally data packet is forwarded downstream when sufficient storage capacity exists.

摘要翻译： 系统识别在多节点处理链中的节点处收到的数据包丢失的情况。 系统处理链可以包括用于从PET（正电子发射断层扫描）检测器阵列，DMA（直接存储器访问）重新接收器卡和耦合在台架接口模块和DMA卡之间的传输线接收重合事件数据的龙门架接口模块 。 每个处理部分的FPGA和FIFO元素接收到如果FIFO容量不足可能会丢失的数据包。 丢失的数据包被标记，丢弃和计数。 按指定间隔设置，根据接收到的丢包数据包的阈值数量，生成包括丢失数据包的计数信息。 当存在足够的存储容量时，丢失的计数数据分组被转发到下游。

公开(公告)号：US6040580A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-21

申请号：US008848

申请日：1998-01-19

申请人： Charles C. Watson ,  William F. Jones

发明人： Charles C. Watson ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01T1/166

CPC分类号： G01T1/1615 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/1611 ,  G01T1/2985

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form multi-dimensional attenuation correction data with a point source of radiation, such as required in positron emission tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of each of the tomograph units for the formation of a 3-D image, or a selected portion of the tomograph units for a 2-D image. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation, in one embodiment, is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. In another embodiment, the point source is a CT device. In a further embodiment, a single photon source is used in association with an ECAT ART having two oppositely disposed detector banks. One point source is provided for association with each detector bank. Each point source is capable of axial movement with respect to the detector banks, with the entire apparatus including the detector banks and the point sources being rotatable. Collimators are provided for each point source, the collimators and the point source being fixed with respect to each other, thus reducing the effects of dead-time during a transmission scan typically caused by the point source moving behind a collimator.

摘要翻译： 用于产生放射性透射测量以用诸如正电子发射断层摄影应用中所需的点辐射源形成多维衰减校正数据的方法和装置。 这涉及靠近每个断层摄影机单元的面的点源，以形成3-D图像，或者用于2-D图像的断层摄影单元的选定部分。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 在一个实施例中，该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的输送流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的导管快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算在 实现了位于层析扫描仪内的身体。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 在另一个实施例中，点源是CT装置。 在另一个实施例中，单个光子源与具有两个相对布置的检测器组的ECAT ART一起使用。 一点源被提供用于与每个检测器组相关联。 每个点源能够相对于检测器组轴向运动，整个设备包括检测器组和点源可旋转。 为每个点源提供准直器，准直器和点源相对于彼此固定，从而减少通常由点源在准直仪后面移动的透射扫描期间死区时间的影响。

公开(公告)号：US5224037A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-29

申请号：US670291

申请日：1991-03-15

申请人： William F. Jones ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Larry G. Byars

发明人： William F. Jones ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Larry G. Byars

IPC分类号： G06T11/00

CPC分类号： G06T11/006 ,  G06T2211/421 ,  G06T2211/428

摘要： A 3-dimensional projection system (10) for the rapid back projection of multi-ring Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan data composed of planes (44) of two-dimensional data defining individual Lines Of Response (LOR) (42) into a plurality of image voxels for three-dimensional display on a video screen. The projection system (10) of the preferred embodiment is a Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) based architecture which will support forward and back projection for a 3-dimensional image detected by a multi-ring PET scanner. A selected number of processing engines (20) are included for forward projection and back projection, the number of engines (20) being inversely proportional to the projection time.

摘要翻译： 一种用于快速反投影多环正射子断层扫描（PET）扫描数据的三维投影系统（10），该扫描数据由定义各个响应线（LOR）（42）的二维数据的平面（44）组成一个 用于在视频屏幕上进行三维显示的多个图像体素。 优选实施例的投影系统（10）是基于超大规模集成（VLSI）的架构，其将支持由多环PET扫描器检测到的三维图像的向前和向后投影。 所选数量的处理引擎（20）被包括用于向前投影和反投影，发动机（20）的数量与投影时间成反比。

公开(公告)号：US07983186B2

公开(公告)日：2011-07-19

申请号：US12558055

申请日：2009-09-11

申请人： John E. Breeding ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Jimmy Everman ,  William F. Jones ,  Wing K. Luk ,  Johnny H. Reed

发明人： John E. Breeding ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Jimmy Everman ,  William F. Jones ,  Wing K. Luk ,  Johnny H. Reed

IPC分类号： H04L12/26

CPC分类号： G01T1/00 ,  H04L67/12 ,  H04L69/40

摘要： A system identifies when received packets are lost at a node in a multi-node processing chain. The system processing chain may include a gantry interface module for receiving coincident event data from a PET (Positron Emission Tomography) detector array, a DMA (direct memory access) rebinner card, and a transmission line coupled between the gantry interface module and the DMA card. FPGA and FIFO elements in each processing portion receive packets that may be lost if there is insufficient FIFO capacity. Lost packets are marked, discarded, and counted. At specified intervals, set in accordance with a threshold number of packets received a lost tally data packet is generated that includes count information for lost packets. The lost tally data packet is forwarded downstream when sufficient storage capacity exists.

摘要翻译： 系统识别在多节点处理链中的节点处收到的数据包丢失的情况。 系统处理链可以包括用于从PET（正电子发射断层扫描）检测器阵列，DMA（直接存储器访问）重新接收器卡和耦合在台架接口模块和DMA卡之间的传输线接收重合事件数据的龙门架接口模块 。 每个处理部分的FPGA和FIFO元素接收到如果FIFO容量不足可能会丢失的数据包。 丢失的数据包被标记，丢弃和计数。 按指定间隔设置，根据接收到的丢包数据包的阈值数量，生成包括丢失数据包的计数信息。 当存在足够的存储容量时，丢失的计数数据分组被转发到下游。

公开(公告)号：US08314380B2

公开(公告)日：2012-11-20

申请号：US12558026

申请日：2009-09-11

申请人： John E. Breeding ,  William F. Jones ,  Wing K. Luk ,  Andrew P. Moor ,  Johnny H. Reed ,  David Townsend

发明人： John E. Breeding ,  William F. Jones ,  Wing K. Luk ,  Andrew P. Moor ,  Johnny H. Reed ,  David Townsend

IPC分类号： H01J49/00 ,  G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G06T11/005

摘要： A patient bed drive mechanism, under control of a processor, is capable of continuously moving a patient bed through the a TOF-PET detector array having a stationary field of view (FOV) for a distance in excess of the physical extent of an axis of the array FOV. A direct memory access (DMA) rebinner card is coupled to the detector array to receive therefrom a stream of TOF-PET coincidence event data during the extent of movement of the bed. Image projection data are generated in real time from the acquired stream of TOF-PET coincidence event data via the DMA card.

摘要翻译： 在处理器的控制下，患者床驱动机构能够通过具有静止视野（FOV）的TOF-PET检测器阵列连续地移动患者床，距离超过轴的物理范围 阵列FOV。 直接存储器访问（DMA）重组卡耦合到检测器阵列以在床的移动范围内从其接收TOF-PET重合事件数据流。 图像投影数据通过DMA卡从所获取的TOF-PET符合事件数据流中实时生成。

公开(公告)号：US20100067765A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-18

申请号：US12559721

申请日：2009-09-15

申请人： Florian Buther ,  Klaus Schafers ,  William F. Jones ,  Bernard Bendriem ,  Hartwig Newiger

发明人： Florian Buther ,  Klaus Schafers ,  William F. Jones ,  Bernard Bendriem ,  Hartwig Newiger

IPC分类号： G06K9/00

CPC分类号： A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/037 ,  A61B6/5217 ,  A61B6/541

摘要： According to a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a method for extracting internal organ motion from positron emission tomography (PET) coincidence data, the method comprising the following steps: generating a data stream of PET coincidence data using the list mode capability of a PET scanner; dividing the data stream into time frames of a given length; computing a histogram A(i, t) of an axial coincidence distribution for a set of time frames; computing the axial center of mass z(t) for each of the time frames in the set of time frames based on the histogram A(i, t); transforming z(t) into the frequency domain; determining either the frequency contribution caused by respiratory motion, given by fresp, or the frequency contribution caused by heart contractions, given by fcard and Δf, identified in the frequency spectrum |Z(f)|; and carrying out further processing of Z(f) leading to curves zresp(t) and zcard(t) with which a gating sequence is established.

摘要翻译： 根据优选实施例，本发明提供一种从正电子发射断层摄影（PET）符合数据提取内部器官运动的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：使用PET扫描仪的列表模式能力产生PET符合数据的数据流 ; 将数据流划分成给定长度的时间帧; 计算一组时间轴的轴向一致分布的直方图A（i，t）; 基于直方图A（i，t）计算时间帧集合中的每个时间帧的轴向质心z（t）; 将z（t）转换为频域; 确定由fresp给出的呼吸运动引起的频率贡献或由频谱| Z（f）|中确定的fcard和＆Dgr; f给出的由心脏收缩引起的频率贡献; 并进行Z（f）的进一步处理，导致建立门控序列的曲线zresp（t）和zcard（t）。