公开(公告)号：US06329657B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

申请号：US09070951

申请日：1998-05-01

申请人： Charles C. Watson ,  Ronald Nutt ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Michael E. Casey ,  William F. Jones

发明人： Charles C. Watson ,  Ronald Nutt ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Michael E. Casey ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1163

CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 ,  A61B6/037

摘要： A coincidence transmission source serves to detect coincident activity from a radiation source. The coincidence transmission source includes a detector dedicated to collecting attenuation data. A collimated radiation source and a detector are positioned with respect to a tomography device such that only a selected strip of the imaging detector of the tomograph is illuminated such that events unrelated to the attenuation are eliminated. The coincidence transmission source includes a collimator in which is disposed a radiation source. An opening is defined by the collimator for exposing a selected portion of the imaging detectors of the tomograph device. Positioned behind the radiation source, relative to the imaging detectors, is the dedicated attenuation detector. The attenuation detector and collimator are designed to illuminate only a strip of the imaging detector, thereby eliminating events not of interest in the attenuation measurement. In a dual head tomograph device, one coincidence transmission source of the present invention is disposed opposite each bank of imaging detectors. The sources and the associated collimators are positioned to the side of each head at a slight angle relative to the respective head. The sources and detectors are fixed relative to the imaging heads. In order to obtain full coverage of the field of view (FOV) in the same manner as for an emission scan, the heads and sources are rotated about the center of the camera.

摘要翻译： 符合传输源用于检测来自辐射源的重合活动。 重合传输源包括专用于收集衰减数据的检测器。 准直辐射源和检测器相对于断层摄影装置定位，使得只有层析成像仪的成像检测器的选定条带被照亮，从而消除与衰减无关的事件。 重合传输源包括其中设置有辐射源的准直仪。 由准直器限定开口以暴露层析成像装置的成像检测器的选定部分。 相对于成像检测器定位在辐射源之后，是专用的衰减检测器。 衰减检测器和准直器被设计为仅照射成像检测器的条带，从而消除衰减测量中不感兴趣的事件。 在双头断层摄影装置中，本发明的一个重合传播源与每一组成像检测器相对设置。 源和相关联的准直仪相对于相应的头部以相当小的角度定位在每个头部的侧面。 源和检测器相对于成像头是固定的。 为了以与发射扫描相同的方式获得视场（FOV）的全面覆盖，头部和源围绕照相机的中心旋转。

公开(公告)号：US5750991A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-12

申请号：US563268

申请日：1995-11-27

申请人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

发明人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/1615 ,  G01T1/2985

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form multi-dimensional attenuation correction data with a point source of radiation, such as required in positron emission tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of a selected each of the tomograph units for the formation of a 3-D image, or a selected portion of the tomograph units for a 2-D image. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation, in one embodiment, is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system. In another embodiment, the point source is a CT device.

摘要翻译： 用于产生放射性透射测量以用诸如正电子发射断层摄影应用中所需的点辐射源形成多维衰减校正数据的方法和装置。 这涉及到靠近所选择的每个断层摄影单元的面的点源，以形成3-D图像，或者用于2-D图像的所选断面图像单元的部分。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 在一个实施例中，该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的输送流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的导管快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算在 实现了位于层析扫描仪内的身体。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。 在另一个实施例中，点源是CT装置。

公开(公告)号：US5471061A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-28

申请号：US210960

申请日：1994-03-21

申请人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

发明人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/2985

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form a 2-D or a 3-D image with a point source of radiation, such as required in positron emission tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of a selected each of the tomograph units for the formation of a 3-D image, or a selected portion of the tomograph units for a 2-D image. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system.

摘要翻译： 用于产生放射性透射测量以形成具有点辐射源的2-D或3-D图像的方法和装置，例如正电子发射断层摄影应用中所需的。 这涉及到靠近所选择的每个断层摄影单元的面的点源，以形成3-D图像，或者用于2-D图像的所选断面图像单元的部分。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的运输流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的管道快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算位于层析成像仪内的体内的透射测量值 扫描仪实现。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。

公开(公告)号：US5296708A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-22

申请号：US37303

申请日：1993-03-26

申请人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt

发明人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/2985

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form a 3-D image with a point source of radiation, such as required in tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of each detector of the tomograph units. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system. The method and apparatus are illustrated as being applied to a positron emission tomograph units.

摘要翻译： 一种用于产生放射性透射测量以形成具有放射源点的3-D图像的方法和装置，例如在层析成像应用中所需要的。 这涉及点源的接近于断层摄影单元的每个检测器的面。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的运输流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的管道快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算位于层析成像仪内的体内的透射测量值 扫描仪实现。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。 该方法和装置被示出为应用于正电子发射断层摄影单元。

公开(公告)号：US20130130309A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-23

申请号：US13446334

申请日：2012-04-13

申请人： Ronald Nutt ,  Antony M. Giamis ,  Aaron McFarland

发明人： Ronald Nutt ,  Antony M. Giamis ,  Aaron McFarland

IPC分类号： G01N30/74 ,  G01N33/60

CPC分类号： G01N30/74 ,  A61K51/0491 ,  B01J19/0093 ,  B01J2219/00788 ,  B01J2219/00873 ,  B01J2219/00891 ,  B01J2219/00905 ,  G01N30/88 ,  G01N33/60 ,  G01N2030/77 ,  G01N2030/8872

摘要： HPLC-based quality control systems to perform quality control testing on a radiopharmaceutical solution shortly after synthesis. An HPLC-based quality control system makes efficient use of sample volume and is compatible with a variety of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceutical compounds. In several embodiments, the automated nature of an HPLC-based quality control system allows for quality control tests to be conducted quickly and with minimal impact on user workflow. When used as part of an integrated PET biomarker radiopharmaceutical production system, the present general inventive concept permits a manufacturer to produce product and conduct quality control tests with lower per dose costs.

摘要翻译： 基于HPLC的质量控制系统，在合成后不久就对放射性药物溶液进行质量控制测试。 基于HPLC的质量控制系统有效利用样品体积，并与各种放射性同位素和放射性药物化合物相容。 在几个实施例中，基于HPLC的质量控制系统的自动化性质允许快速进行质量控制测试并且对用户工作流程的影响最小。 当作为PET生物标志物整合放射性药物生产系统的一部分使用时，本发明总体上允许制造商生产产品并以较低的每剂量成本进行质量控制测试。

公开(公告)号：US07476883B2

公开(公告)日：2009-01-13

申请号：US11441999

申请日：2006-05-26

申请人： Ronald Nutt

发明人： Ronald Nutt

IPC分类号： H05H9/00 ,  G21G1/10

CPC分类号： G21G4/08 ,  G21G1/0005 ,  G21G1/10 ,  G21H5/02 ,  H05H13/005

摘要： A biomarker generator system for producing approximately one (1) unit dose of a biomarker. The biomarker generator system includes a small, low-power particle accelerator (“micro-accelerator”) and a radiochemical synthesis subsystem having at least one microreactor and/or microfluidic chip. The micro-accelerator is provided for producing approximately one (1) unit dose of a radioactive substance, such as a substance that emits positrons. The radiochemical synthesis subsystem is provided for receiving the radioactive substance, for receiving at least one reagent, and for synthesizing the approximately one (1) unit dose of a biomarker.

摘要翻译： 生物标志物发生器系统，用于生产大约一（1）个单位剂量的生物标志物。 生物标志物发生器系统包括具有至少一个微反应器和/或微流体芯片的小型低功率粒子加速器（“微加速器”）和放射化学合成子系统。 提供微促进剂用于产生大约一（1）单位剂量的放射性物质，例如发射正电子的物质。 提供放射化学合成子系统用于接收放射性物质，用于接收至少一种试剂，并用于合成大约一（1）单位剂量的生物标志物。

公开(公告)号：US07164136B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-16

申请号：US10680015

申请日：2003-10-07

申请人： Mehmet Aykac ,  Matthias J. Schmand ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Mark S. Andreaco ,  Lars A. Eriksson ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt

发明人： Mehmet Aykac ,  Matthias J. Schmand ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Mark S. Andreaco ,  Lars A. Eriksson ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt

IPC分类号： G01T3/06

CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/2928

摘要： A detector for use in imaging applications includes at least one detector array, an array of photodetectors, and a continuous light guide disposed between the detectors and the photodetectors. The light guide is continuous over the entire area of the photodetectors and detectors. The thickness of the light guide is optimized based on the shape of the photodetector array. Each detector array includes a plurality of scintillator elements disposed in an M×N array, where “M” and “N” are independently selectable and are each at least one. A mechanism for maintaining the relative positions of the individual scintillator elements with respect to each other is provided. The retainer is further provided to enhance the separation between the individual detector arrays to define distinct boundaries between the position profiles of the scintillator arrays.

摘要翻译： 用于成像应用的检测器包括至少一个检测器阵列，光电检测器阵列，以及设置在检测器和光电探测器之间的连续光导。 导光体在光电检测器和检测器的整个区域上是连续的。 基于光电检测器阵列的形状优化光导的厚度。 每个检测器阵列包括设置在MxN阵列中的多个闪烁体元件，其中“M”和“N”可独立选择并且各自至少一个。 提供了用于保持各个闪烁体元件相对于彼此的相对位置的机构。 进一步提供保持器以增强各个检测器阵列之间的间隔，以限定闪烁体阵列的位置分布之间的不同边界。

公开(公告)号：US06362479B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-26

申请号：US09272228

申请日：1999-03-18

申请人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt ,  Michael E. Casey

发明人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt ,  Michael E. Casey

IPC分类号： G01T120

CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/1648

摘要： A scintillation detector which includes a plurality of discrete scintillators composed of one or more scintillator materials. The discrete scintillators interact with incident radiation to produce a quantifiable number of photons with characteristic emission wavelength and decay time. A light guide is operatively associated with the scintillation crystals and may be either active or non-active and segmented or non-segmented depending upon the embodiment of the design. Photodetectors are provided to sense and quantify the scintillation light emissions. The process and system embodying various features of the present invention can be utilized in various applications such as SPECT, PET imaging and simultaneous PET systems. In accordance with the present invention, the detector array of the present invention incorporates either a single scintillator layer of discrete scintillators or discrete scintillators composed of two stacked different layers that can be the same scintillator material or of two different scintillator materials. In either case the different layers are composed of materials that have distinctly different decay times. The variants in these figures are the types of optical detectors which are used, i.e. photomultipliers and/or photodiodes, whether or not a segmented optical light guide is used, and whether the light guide is active or non-active. If a segmented optical light guide is used then the variant is whether the configuration is inverted or non-inverted.

摘要翻译： 闪烁检测器，其包括由一个或多个闪烁体材料组成的多个分立的闪烁体。 离散的闪烁体与入射辐射相互作用以产生具有特征发射波长和衰减时间的可量化数量的光子。 光引导件与闪烁晶体可操作地相关联，并且可以是有源的或非有效的，并且根据设计的实施例是分段的或非分段的。 提供光电检测器来感测和量化闪烁光发射。 体现本发明各种特征的方法和系统可以用于诸如SPECT，PET成像和同时PET系统的各种应用中。 根据本发明，本发明的检测器阵列包括单个闪烁体层的离散闪烁体或由两层不同层组成的分立闪烁体，其可以是相同的闪烁体材料或两种不同的闪烁体材料。 在任一情况下，不同的层由具有截然不同的衰变时间的材料组成。 这些图中的变型是使用的光学检测器的类型，即光电倍增管和/或光电二极管，是否使用分段的光学光导，以及光导是活动的还是非活动的。 如果使用分段光学光导，则该变体是配置是倒置还是非反转。

公开(公告)号：US11300695B2

公开(公告)日：2022-04-12

申请号：US17340485

申请日：2021-06-07

申请人： Ronald Nutt ,  Lynda J. Nutt

发明人： Ronald Nutt ,  Lynda J. Nutt

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  A61B6/03

摘要： A Time-Resolved PET imaging system for producing an event-by-event, real-time, high resolution, three-dimensional positron emission tomographic images without performing sinogram formation or image reconstruction. The third dimension is provided by measuring the ΔT between the arrival times of gamma rays from a positron event being detected by two cooperating detectors. In order to determine the location of a positron event along the lines of response, the measurement includes a fast scintillator, constant fraction discriminator and the digital intervalometer. The arrival time of each photon in the annihilation process is recorded with respect to a clock frequency with picosecond resolution. This approach requires significantly fewer positron events, thus requiring fewer detectors, thereby resulting in an gamma event-by-gamma event, real-time TPET imaging system that is more efficient and more economical to produce than conventional PET systems.

公开(公告)号：US08333952B2

公开(公告)日：2012-12-18

申请号：US12565544

申请日：2009-09-23

申请人： Ronald Nutt ,  Anthony M. Giamis ,  Aaron McFarland

发明人： Ronald Nutt ,  Anthony M. Giamis ,  Aaron McFarland

IPC分类号： A61K51/00 ,  A61M36/14

CPC分类号： A61K51/0491 ,  B01J19/004 ,  B01J19/0093 ,  B01J2219/00788 ,  B01J2219/00873 ,  B01J2219/00891 ,  B01J2219/00905

摘要： A microfluidic radiopharmaceutical production system and process for synthesizing per run approximately, but not less than, one (1) unit dose of a radiopharmaceutical biomarker for use in positron emission tomography (PET). The radiopharmaceutical production system includes a reaction vessel that receives a radioisotope from an accelerator or other radioisotope generator. Organic and aqueous reagents are introduced into the reaction vessel, and the mixture is heated to synthesize a solution of a pre-selected radiopharmaceutical. The radiopharmaceutical solution is purified by passing the solution through a solid phase extraction column and a filter. The synthesis process produces per run a quantity of radiopharmaceutical approximately equal to, but not less than, one (1) unit dose of a radiopharmaceutical, reducing waste and allowing for the production of radiopharmaceutical on an as-needed basis. The synthesis process allows for the production of biomarker radiopharmaceuticals on site and close to the location where the unit dose will be administered to the patient. On-site, as-needed production of radiopharmaceuticals in small doses reduces the time between the synthesis of the radiopharmaceutical and the administration of that radiopharmaceutical, thereby minimizing the loss of active isotopes through decay and allowing the production of lesser amounts of radioisotopes overall.

摘要翻译： 一种微流体放射性药物生产系统和用于在正电子发射断层摄影（PET）中使用的放射性药物生物标志物的大约一个但不少于一个单位剂量的放射性药物生物标志物合成的方法。 放射性药物生产系统包括从加速器或其他放射性同位素发生器接收放射性同位素的反应容器。 将有机和含水试剂引入反应容器中，并加热混合物以合成预先选择的放射性药物的溶液。 通过使溶液通过固相萃取柱和过滤器来纯化放射性药物溶液。 合成过程每次产生大约等于但不小于一（1）个单位剂量的放射性药物的放射性药物的量，减少浪费并允许根据需要生产放射性药物。 合成过程允许在现场生产标记放射性药物并且靠近给予患者的单位剂量的位置。 现场按需要的小剂量放射性药物的生产减少放射性药物的合成和放射性药物的给药之间的时间，从而通过衰减使活性同位素的损失最小化，并允许整体产生较少量的放射性同位素。