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公开(公告)号：US06329657B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-11
申请号：US09070951
申请日：1998-05-01
IPC分类号： G01T1163
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/037
摘要： A coincidence transmission source serves to detect coincident activity from a radiation source. The coincidence transmission source includes a detector dedicated to collecting attenuation data. A collimated radiation source and a detector are positioned with respect to a tomography device such that only a selected strip of the imaging detector of the tomograph is illuminated such that events unrelated to the attenuation are eliminated. The coincidence transmission source includes a collimator in which is disposed a radiation source. An opening is defined by the collimator for exposing a selected portion of the imaging detectors of the tomograph device. Positioned behind the radiation source, relative to the imaging detectors, is the dedicated attenuation detector. The attenuation detector and collimator are designed to illuminate only a strip of the imaging detector, thereby eliminating events not of interest in the attenuation measurement. In a dual head tomograph device, one coincidence transmission source of the present invention is disposed opposite each bank of imaging detectors. The sources and the associated collimators are positioned to the side of each head at a slight angle relative to the respective head. The sources and detectors are fixed relative to the imaging heads. In order to obtain full coverage of the field of view (FOV) in the same manner as for an emission scan, the heads and sources are rotated about the center of the camera.
摘要翻译： 符合传输源用于检测来自辐射源的重合活动。 重合传输源包括专用于收集衰减数据的检测器。 准直辐射源和检测器相对于断层摄影装置定位，使得只有层析成像仪的成像检测器的选定条带被照亮，从而消除与衰减无关的事件。 重合传输源包括其中设置有辐射源的准直仪。 由准直器限定开口以暴露层析成像装置的成像检测器的选定部分。 相对于成像检测器定位在辐射源之后，是专用的衰减检测器。 衰减检测器和准直器被设计为仅照射成像检测器的条带，从而消除衰减测量中不感兴趣的事件。 在双头断层摄影装置中，本发明的一个重合传播源与每一组成像检测器相对设置。 源和相关联的准直仪相对于相应的头部以相当小的角度定位在每个头部的侧面。 源和检测器相对于成像头是固定的。 为了以与发射扫描相同的方式获得视场（FOV）的全面覆盖，头部和源围绕照相机的中心旋转。
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for forming multidimenstional attenuation correction data in tomography applications 失效用于在层析成像应用中形成多平面衰减校正数据的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5750991A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US563268
申请日：1995-11-27
申请人： J. Clifton Moyers , Ronald Nutt , William F. Jones
发明人： J. Clifton Moyers , Ronald Nutt , William F. Jones
CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/1615 , G01T1/2985
摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form multi-dimensional attenuation correction data with a point source of radiation, such as required in positron emission tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of a selected each of the tomograph units for the formation of a 3-D image, or a selected portion of the tomograph units for a 2-D image. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation, in one embodiment, is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system. In another embodiment, the point source is a CT device.
摘要翻译： 用于产生放射性透射测量以用诸如正电子发射断层摄影应用中所需的点辐射源形成多维衰减校正数据的方法和装置。 这涉及到靠近所选择的每个断层摄影单元的面的点源，以形成3-D图像，或者用于2-D图像的所选断面图像单元的部分。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 在一个实施例中，该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的输送流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的导管快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算在 实现了位于层析扫描仪内的身体。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。 在另一个实施例中，点源是CT装置。
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3.发明授权Method and apparatus for transmission measurements to form a 2-d or a 3-d image in tomography applications 失效用于透射测量以在层析成像应用中形成2-d或3-d图像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5471061A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-28
申请号：US210960
申请日：1994-03-21
申请人： J. Clifton Moyers , Ronald Nutt , William F. Jones
发明人： J. Clifton Moyers , Ronald Nutt , William F. Jones
CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/2985
摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form a 2-D or a 3-D image with a point source of radiation, such as required in positron emission tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of a selected each of the tomograph units for the formation of a 3-D image, or a selected portion of the tomograph units for a 2-D image. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system.
摘要翻译： 用于产生放射性透射测量以形成具有点辐射源的2-D或3-D图像的方法和装置，例如正电子发射断层摄影应用中所需的。 这涉及到靠近所选择的每个断层摄影单元的面的点源，以形成3-D图像，或者用于2-D图像的所选断面图像单元的部分。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的运输流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的管道快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算位于层析成像仪内的体内的透射测量值 扫描仪实现。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。
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公开(公告)号：US06429434B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-06
申请号：US09398497
申请日：1999-09-17
IPC分类号： G01T1166
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/1648 , G21K1/02
摘要： A transmission source serves to detect activity from a radiation source for correcting attenuation in either PET mode or SPECT mode. The transmission source includes a detector dedicated to collecting attenuation data in PET mode. A collimated radiation source and a detector are positioned with respect to a tomography device such that only a selected strip of the imaging detector of the tomograph is illuminated such that events unrelated to the attenuation are eliminated. The transmission source can either be a coincidence transmission source or a singles transmission source and includes a collimator in which is disposed a radiation source. An opening is defined by the collimator for exposing a selected portion of the imaging detectors of the tomograph device. Positioned behind the radiation source, relative to the imaging detectors, is the dedicated attenuation detector. In a dual head tomograph device, one transmission source of the present invention is disposed opposite each bank of imaging detectors. The sources and the associated collimators are positioned to the side of each head at a slight angle relative to the respective head. The sources and detectors are fixed relative to the imaging heads. In order to obtain full coverage of the field of view (FOV) in the same manner as for an emission scan, the heads and sources are rotated about the center of the camera. In SPECT mode, the point source is selected to have sufficiently high energy to shine through the patient and the collimators associated with the imaging detector.
摘要翻译： 传输源用于检测来自辐射源的活动以校正PET模式或SPECT模式中的衰减。 传输源包括专用于在PET模式下收集衰减数据的检测器。 准直辐射源和检测器相对于断层摄影装置定位，使得只有层析成像仪的成像检测器的选定条带被照亮，从而消除与衰减无关的事件。 传输源可以是重合传输源或单个传输源，并且包括准直仪，其中设置有辐射源。 由准直器限定开口以暴露层析成像装置的成像检测器的选定部分。 相对于成像检测器定位在辐射源之后，是专用的衰减检测器。 在双头断层摄影装置中，本发明的一个发射源与每一组成像检测器相对设置。 源和相关联的准直仪相对于相应的头部以相当小的角度定位在每个头部的侧面。 源和检测器相对于成像头是固定的。 为了以与发射扫描相同的方式获得视场（FOV）的全面覆盖，头部和源围绕照相机的中心旋转。 在SPECT模式中，点源被选择为具有足够高的能量以照射通过患者和与成像检测器相关联的准直仪。
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5.发明授权Method and apparatus for transmission measurements to form a 3-D image in tomography applications 失效用于透射测量以在层析成像应用中形成3-D图像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5296708A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-22
申请号：US37303
申请日：1993-03-26
申请人： J. Clifton Moyers , Ronald Nutt
发明人： J. Clifton Moyers , Ronald Nutt
CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/2985
摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form a 3-D image with a point source of radiation, such as required in tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of each detector of the tomograph units. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system. The method and apparatus are illustrated as being applied to a positron emission tomograph units.
摘要翻译： 一种用于产生放射性透射测量以形成具有放射源点的3-D图像的方法和装置，例如在层析成像应用中所需要的。 这涉及点源的接近于断层摄影单元的每个检测器的面。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的运输流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的管道快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算位于层析成像仪内的体内的透射测量值 扫描仪实现。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。 该方法和装置被示出为应用于正电子发射断层摄影单元。
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6.发明授权Scintillation detector array for encoding the energy, position, and time coordinates of gamma ray interactions 有权闪烁探测器阵列，用于编码伽马射线相互作用的能量，位置和时间坐标公开(公告)号：US06362479B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09272228
申请日：1999-03-18
IPC分类号： G01T120
CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/1648
摘要： A scintillation detector which includes a plurality of discrete scintillators composed of one or more scintillator materials. The discrete scintillators interact with incident radiation to produce a quantifiable number of photons with characteristic emission wavelength and decay time. A light guide is operatively associated with the scintillation crystals and may be either active or non-active and segmented or non-segmented depending upon the embodiment of the design. Photodetectors are provided to sense and quantify the scintillation light emissions. The process and system embodying various features of the present invention can be utilized in various applications such as SPECT, PET imaging and simultaneous PET systems. In accordance with the present invention, the detector array of the present invention incorporates either a single scintillator layer of discrete scintillators or discrete scintillators composed of two stacked different layers that can be the same scintillator material or of two different scintillator materials. In either case the different layers are composed of materials that have distinctly different decay times. The variants in these figures are the types of optical detectors which are used, i.e. photomultipliers and/or photodiodes, whether or not a segmented optical light guide is used, and whether the light guide is active or non-active. If a segmented optical light guide is used then the variant is whether the configuration is inverted or non-inverted.
摘要翻译： 闪烁检测器，其包括由一个或多个闪烁体材料组成的多个分立的闪烁体。 离散的闪烁体与入射辐射相互作用以产生具有特征发射波长和衰减时间的可量化数量的光子。 光引导件与闪烁晶体可操作地相关联，并且可以是有源的或非有效的，并且根据设计的实施例是分段的或非分段的。 提供光电检测器来感测和量化闪烁光发射。 体现本发明各种特征的方法和系统可以用于诸如SPECT，PET成像和同时PET系统的各种应用中。 根据本发明，本发明的检测器阵列包括单个闪烁体层的离散闪烁体或由两层不同层组成的分立闪烁体，其可以是相同的闪烁体材料或两种不同的闪烁体材料。 在任一情况下，不同的层由具有截然不同的衰变时间的材料组成。 这些图中的变型是使用的光学检测器的类型，即光电倍增管和/或光电二极管，是否使用分段的光学光导，以及光导是活动的还是非活动的。 如果使用分段光学光导，则该变体是配置是倒置还是非反转。
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公开(公告)号：US4750972A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-14
申请号：US39916
申请日：1987-04-20
申请人： Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt , Terry D. Douglass
发明人： Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt , Terry D. Douglass
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/2985
摘要： A two dimensional photon position encoder system (10) and process which includes a detector (20) for enhancing the spatial resolution of the situs of the origin of incident photons of gamma rays. A plurality of scintillator material members (22) interact with the incident photons and produce a quantifiable number of photons which exit the scintillation material members. A tuned light guide (68) having a plurality of radiation barriers (92) of predetermined lengths define slots which are operatively associated with one of the scintillator material members. Photons exiting the scintillator material members (22) enter an operatively associated slot in said slotted light guide. These slots (90) serve to enhance the predictability of the statistical distribution of photons along the length of the slotted light guide (68). A detector (20) detects the distribution of the photons at preselected locations along the length of the slotted light guide. In one embodiment, this detector (20) comprises a photomultiplier (70) which gathers information concerning the photoelectrons which are then counted. The statistical distribution of these photoelectrons is processed by an improved pattern recognition technique such that the positioning information can be determined.
摘要翻译： 一种二维光子位置编码器系统（10），其包括用于增强伽马射线入射光子原点的位置的空间分辨率的检测器（20）的处理。 多个闪烁体材料构件（22）与入射的光子相互作用并产生可从数量上闪烁的材料构件的数量的光子。 具有多个具有预定长度的辐射屏障（92）的调谐光导（68）限定与闪烁体材料构件之一可操作地相关的槽。 离开闪烁体材料构件（22）的光子进入所述开槽光导中的可操作地关联的狭槽。 这些槽（90）用于增强沿着带槽光导（68）的长度的光子的统计分布的可预测性。 检测器（20）沿着狭缝光导的长度检测预选位置处的光子的分布。 在一个实施例中，该检测器（20）包括光电倍增器（70），其收集关于光电子的信息，然后对其进行计数。 这些光电子的统计分布通过改进的模式识别技术来处理，使得可以确定定位信息。
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公开(公告)号：US4743764A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-10
申请号：US677931
申请日：1984-12-04
申请人： Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt , Terry D. Douglas
发明人： Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt , Terry D. Douglas
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/2985
摘要： A two dimensional photon position encoder system (10) and process which includes a detector (20) for enhancing the spatial resolution of the situs of the origin of incident photons of gamma rays. A plurality of scintillator material members (22) interact with the incident photons and produce a quantifiable number of photons which exit the scintillation material members. A tuned light guide (68) having a plurality of radiation barriers (92) of predetermined lengths define slots which are operatively associated with one of the scintillator material members. Photons exiting the scintillator material members (22) enter an operatively associated slot in said slotted light guide. These slots (90) serve to enhance the predictability of the statistical distribution of photons along the length of the slotted light guide (68). A detector (20) detects the distribution of the photons at preselected locations along the length of the slotted light guide. In one embodiment, this detector (20) comprises a photomultiplier (70) which gathers information concerning the photoelectrons which are then counted. The statistical distribution of these photoelectrons is processed by an improved pattern recognition technique such that the positioning information can be determined.
摘要翻译： 一种二维光子位置编码器系统（10），其包括用于增强伽马射线入射光子原点的位置的空间分辨率的检测器（20）的处理。 多个闪烁体材料构件（22）与入射的光子相互作用并产生可从数量上闪烁的材料构件的数量的光子。 具有多个具有预定长度的辐射屏障（92）的调谐光导（68）限定与闪烁体材料构件之一可操作地相关的槽。 离开闪烁体材料构件（22）的光子进入所述开槽光导中的可操作地关联的狭槽。 这些槽（90）用于增强沿着带槽光导（68）的长度的光子的统计分布的可预测性。 检测器（20）沿着狭缝光导的长度检测预选位置处的光子的分布。 在一个实施例中，该检测器（20）包括光电倍增器（70），其收集关于光电子的信息，然后对其进行计数。 这些光电子的统计分布通过改进的模式识别技术来处理，使得可以确定定位信息。
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公开(公告)号：US07301153B2
公开(公告)日：2007-11-27
申请号：US11387377
申请日：2006-03-23
申请人： Lars A. Eriksson , Matthias J. Schmand , Michael E. Casey , Niraj K. Doshi , Mehmet Aykac , Ronald Nutt
发明人： Lars A. Eriksson , Matthias J. Schmand , Michael E. Casey , Niraj K. Doshi , Mehmet Aykac , Ronald Nutt
IPC分类号： G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/2008 , G01T1/2985
摘要： Apparatus and method for providing nuclear medical imaging, in particular positron emission tomography, wherein a panel detector including scintillation blocks with a light guide is attached thereto. The scintillation block is arranged to cover a plurality of photosensors in an N by N configuration where there are outer photosensors which share light information from adjacent scintillation blocks and at least one center photosensor which does not share light information from adjacent scintillation blocks.
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10.发明授权Depth of interaction detector block for high resolution positron emission tomography 有权用于高分辨率正电子发射断层扫描的相互作用探测器块的深度公开(公告)号：US06288399B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-11
申请号：US09190661
申请日：1998-11-12
IPC分类号： G01T1164
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/171 , G01T1/2008
摘要： A depth of interaction detector block for improving the spatial resolution and uniformity in modern high resolution PET systems over an entire FOV. An LSO crystal layer, a GSO crystal layer, and a light guide are stacked on each other and mounted on a 2×2 PMT set, so that the corners of the phoswich are positioned over the PMT centers. The crystal phoswich is cut into a matrix of discrete crystals. The separation of the LSO and the GSO layers by pulse shape discrimination allows discrete DOI information to be obtained. The block design provides an external light guide used to share the scintillation light in four PMTs. The 4 PMT signals Si are connected to an amplifier box which offers a 4 pole semi-Gaussian shaping for each of the four PMT signals, a sample clock for triggering the ADC cards and a fast sum signal &Sgr;iSi of the four PMT signals Si for pulse shape discrimination. A CFD provides a START signal for the time to pulse height converter. The fast sum signal is in addition differentiated and integrated with a fast filter amplifier and connected to a CFD, which provides a STOP signal for the TAC. The outputs of the shaped PMT signals and the TAC are connected to two ADC cards running under computer control.
摘要翻译： 相互作用探测器块的深度，用于改善现代高分辨率PET系统在整个FOV中的空间分辨率和均匀性。 将LSO晶体层，GSO晶体层和导光体彼此堆叠并安装在2x2PMT组上，使得phoswich的角部位于PMT中心上方。 将晶体切片切割成离散晶体的矩阵。 通过脉冲形状识别分离LSO和GSO层可以获得离散的DOI信息。 块设计提供了一个用于在四个PMT中共享闪烁灯的外部光导。 4个PMT信号Si连接到放大器盒，该放大器盒为四个PMT信号中的每一个提供4极半高斯整形，用于触发ADC卡的采样时钟和用于脉冲的四个PMT信号Si的快速和信号SIGMAiSi 形状辨别。 CFD为脉冲高度转换器提供START信号。 快速和信号另外区分并与快速滤波放大器集成，并连接到CFD，为CF提供STOP信号。 成形PMT信号和TAC的输出连接到在计算机控制下运行的两个ADC卡。
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