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公开(公告)号：US6147274A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-14
申请号：US68899
申请日：1998-05-26
摘要： A process for removing undesirable material such as a radioactive contaminant from an underlying material. A solution containing fluoroboric acid and a material which affects the fluoroboric acid solution oxidation potential (Eh) is contacted with the contaminant material to cause its removal. The contaminant material is removed from the fluoroboric acid solution by contacting the fluoroboric acid solution which has been contacted with the contaminant material with a cation exchange resin.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US96 / 17723 Sec。 371日期：1998年5月26日 102（e）日期1998年5月26日PCT提交1996年11月5日PCT公布。 出版物WO97 / 17146 日期1997年5月15日一种从下层材料中除去不需要的物质如放射性污染物的方法。 含有氟硼酸和影响氟硼酸溶液氧化电位的材料（Eh）的溶液与污染物质接触以使其去除。 通过使已经与污染物质接触的氟硼酸溶液与阳离子交换树脂接触，从氟硼酸溶液中除去污染物质。
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2.发明授权Process for removing radioactive burden from spent nuclear reactor decontamination solutions using electrochemical ion exchange 失效使用电化学离子交换从废核反应堆净化溶液中除去放射性负荷的方法
公开(公告)号：US5078842A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-07
申请号：US574267
申请日：1990-08-28
摘要： Spent nuclear reactor coolant system decontamination solutions are processed to remove the radioactive burden and to separate metallic impurities using ion exchange resins within an electrochemical cell. The application of electric current to the electrochemical cell causes hydrogen ions to replace captured cations held on the ion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the resin for subsequent processing. The displaced cations migrate into the cathode compartment. The radioactive burden and metallic impurities are removed from the cathode compartment of the electrochemical cell. In a particularly preferred process, the cations are plated onto the cathode and disposed of as solids.
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公开(公告)号：US5901368A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US868500
申请日：1997-06-04
CPC分类号： C02F1/30 , G21F9/06 , G21F9/12 , C02F2101/006
摘要： A method for minimizing the radioactive waste produced by decontamination processes for water-cooled nuclear reactors. The method exposes the decontamination chemicals to the ionizing radiation emitted from the reactor fuel under controlled conditions to convert the decontamination chemicals into harmless gas phase products.
摘要翻译： 一种减少水冷核反应堆净化过程产生的放射性废物的方法。 该方法将去污化学品暴露于在受控条件下从反应堆燃料发射的电离辐射，以将去污化学品转化为无害气相产物。
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公开(公告)号：US5306399A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-26
申请号：US965892
申请日：1992-10-23
CPC分类号： G21F9/12 , B01J47/08 , B01J49/0052
摘要： Spent nuclear reactor coolant system decontamination solutions are first processed to remove the radioactive burden and to separate metallic impurities using cation exchange resins. The cation-processed waste solution is then flowed through an anion exchange resin held between anion-permeable membranes within an electrochemical cell. The application of electric current to the electrochemical cell causes hydroxide ions to replace captured anions held on the ion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin for subsequent processing. The displaced anions migrate into the anode compartment where they can be oxidized to carbon dioxide for simple disposal.
摘要翻译： 首先处理废核反应堆冷却剂系统净化溶液，以消除放射性负荷，并使用阳离子交换树脂分离金属杂质。 然后将阳离子处理的废溶液流过保持在电化学电池内的阴离子可渗透膜之间的阴离子交换树脂。 向电化学电池施加电流使得氢氧根离子代替被离子交换树脂上所捕获的捕获的阴离子，从而再生阴离子交换树脂用于后续处理。 置换的阴离子迁移到阳极室，在那里它们可以被氧化成二氧化碳，以便于处理。
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公开(公告)号：US5805654A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-08
申请号：US826835
申请日：1997-04-08
摘要： A method for operating the LOMI decontamination process in a regenerative manner. The method incorporates an initial injection of a dilute LOMI solution (vanadous formate, picolinic acid and sodium hydroxide) into a decontamination circuit followed by operation of a small cluster of cation exchange columns during the decontamination process. The cation exchange resin is used to remove metals in the same manner as in prior decontamination processes but operation of the cation exchange resin is continued to allow picolinic acid initially bound to the cation exchange resin to be released and recycled to the LOMI solution. Operation of the cation exchange columns ceases after the picolinic acid has been released but before the metals (e.g. sodium, iron and vanadium) are released back to the LOMI solution. The cluster of cation exchange columns are operated according to a sequence wherein one column is releasing picolinic acid while another is binding picolinic acid. The method further includes continuous additions of vanadous formate and sodium hydroxide. Clean-up at the end of the method proceeds in the normal manner wherein larger cation and anion exchange columns are utilized. Because the concentration of the components is much lower than conventional LOMI processes, however, the amount of cation exchange resin required at this stage is greatly reduced.
摘要翻译： 一种以再生方式操作LOMI去污工艺的方法。 该方法将稀释的LOMI溶液（甲酸钒酸盐，吡啶甲酸和氢氧化钠）初始注入去污电路，然后在净化过程中操作一小群阳离子交换柱。 使用阳离子交换树脂以与先前的去污处理相同的方式除去金属，但继续使阳离子交换树脂的操作使得最初与阳离子交换树脂结合的吡啶甲酸被释放并再循环到LOMI溶液中。 在吡啶甲酸释放后，但金属（例如钠，铁和钒）释放回LOMI溶液之前，阳离子交换柱的操作停止。 阳离子交换柱的簇根据其中一个塔释放吡啶甲酸而另一个是结合吡啶甲酸的顺序操作。 该方法还包括连续加入甲酸铵和氢氧化钠。 在方法结束时的清理以正常方式进行，其中使用较大的阳离子和阴离子交换柱。 然而，由于组分的浓度远远低于常规的LOMI方法，所以在此阶段所需的阳离子交换树脂的量大大降低。
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公开(公告)号：US4705573A
公开(公告)日：1987-11-10
申请号：US763754
申请日：1985-08-06
摘要： A process for the removal of deposits consisting essentially of the oxides of one or more transition metals from a surface, which process comprises contacting the said surface at a pH in the range of from 2.0 to 7.0 with a reagent comprising a one-electron reducing agent which is the complex formed between a low oxidation state transition metal ion and a complexing agent, for destabilizing the metal oxides deposited, thereby increasing their rate of dissolution, the complexing agent being thermally stable at the operating pH and present in order to form the necessary complex reagent and also to increase the thermodynamic solubility of the metal ions released.
摘要翻译： 用于去除基本上由表面的一种或多种过渡金属的氧化物沉积的沉积物的方法，该方法包括使所述表面在2.0-7.0的pH范围内与包含单电子还原剂 其是在低氧化态过渡金属离子和络合剂之间形成的复合物，用于使沉积的金属氧化物不稳定，从而提高其溶解速率，络合剂在操作pH下是热稳定的并且存在以形成必需的 复合试剂也增加了释放的金属离子的热力学溶解度。
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公开(公告)号：US5975368A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US019056
申请日：1998-02-05
申请人： Christopher J. Wood
发明人： Christopher J. Wood
CPC分类号： A47G19/24 , B65D47/0838 , B65D47/185
摘要： A dispensing structure is provided for a container that has an opening from which a product can be dispensed. The structure includes a body for extending around the container opening. A foraminous member is provided with a plurality of dispensing holes and is movable between a closed position and an open position. A lid is provided for sealingly occluding the foraminous member and for moving between a closed position and an open position.
摘要翻译： 为具有可从其分配产品的开口的容器提供分配结构。 该结构包括用于围绕容器开口延伸的本体。 多孔构件设置有多个分配孔，并且可在关闭位置和打开位置之间移动。 设置有用于密封地封闭有孔构件并且在关闭位置和打开位置之间移动的盖。
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公开(公告)号：US6029866A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-29
申请号：US162656
申请日：1998-09-29
CPC分类号： B29C45/1676 , B65D47/2006
摘要： A dispensing structure is provided for an opening to a container. The dispensing structure includes a body for extending from the container around the opening. The dispensing structure defines a discharge aperture communicating with the container opening. An actuator, which defines a pivot axis, is pivotally mounted on the body for occluding flow from the container through the discharge aperture when the actuator is in a closed position and permitting flow from the container when force is applied to the actuator to tilt the actuator to an open position. The actuator includes a first, generally rigid piece which is molded from a material and which defines a force-receiving region on one side of the pivot axis. The actuator includes a second piece which is molded from a material onto the first, rigid, force-receiving region and is bonded to the first, rigid piece to define a finger pad against which a finger may be pressed to tilt the actuator to the open position.
摘要翻译： 为容器的开口提供分配结构。 分配结构包括从容器围绕开口延伸的主体。 分配结构限定了与容器开口连通的排放孔。 限定枢转轴线的致动器枢转地安装在主体上，用于当致动器处于关闭位置时阻止从容器流过排出孔的流动，并且当向致动器施加力以使致动器倾斜时允许从容器流出 到一个开放的位置。 致动器包括由材料模制并且在枢转轴线的一侧上限定受力区域的第一大致刚性件。 所述致动器包括第二部件，所述第二部件由材料模制到所述第一刚性的受力区域上，并且结合到所述第一刚性部件以限定手指垫，手指可以通过所述手指按压而将所述致动器倾斜到所述打开位置 位置。
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公开(公告)号：US5944234A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-31
申请号：US10074
申请日：1998-01-21
申请人： William H. Lampe , Jeffrey T. Randall , Christopher J. Wood , Paul E. Brown , Timothy R. Socier
发明人： William H. Lampe , Jeffrey T. Randall , Christopher J. Wood , Paul E. Brown , Timothy R. Socier
CPC分类号： B65D47/0804 , B65D47/2031 , B65D2251/20
摘要： A sealing and dispensing closure for the outlet opening of a package, such as a flexible plastic bottle containing a consumable beverage. The closure comprises a closure base which is threaded onto the outlet opening of the bottle, and a removable overcap which is pivotally connected to the closure base. The closure base includes a spout having a self-sealing dispensing valve therein which is movable from a lowered closed position to a raised open position by an increased pressure in the bottle resulting from the squeezing of the bottle. The valve is positioned at a recessed location within the spout so as to preclude access to the valve by the consumer when the valve is lifted to its raised open position, and the overcap includes a post which seats in the upper end of the spout when the overcap is mounted on the closure base, and so as to form a hermetically sealed chamber above the valve which prevents the valve from lifting to its raised position in the event the bottle is inadvertently squeezed.
摘要翻译： 用于包装出口的密封和分配封闭件，例如包含可消费饮料的柔性塑料瓶。 该封闭件包括一个螺纹连接到瓶子的出口上的封闭底座，以及一个可枢转地连接到封闭件底座上的可拆卸顶盖。 封闭基座包括一个具有自密封分配阀的出口，其中可以通过挤压瓶子而产生的瓶中增加的压力，从下降的关闭位置移动到升高的打开位置。 阀定位在出口内的凹陷位置处，以便当阀被提升到其升高的打开位置时排除消费者进入阀门的位置，并且顶盖包括位于喷嘴的上端中的位置 盖子安装在封闭基座上，并且在阀门上方形成气密密封的腔室，以防止瓶子在无意中被挤压的情况下提升到其升高位置。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5927549A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-27
申请号：US45387
申请日：1998-03-20
申请人： Christopher J. Wood
发明人： Christopher J. Wood
CPC分类号： B65D51/285 , Y10S215/08
摘要： A dispensing structure is provided for a container which has an opening to the container interior. The structure includes a body for extending around the container opening and a membrane for occluding the container opening. A cover is disposed over the membrane and is sealingly engaged with the body to accommodate axial sliding movement from an outer position to an inwardly displaced position. The cover defines a dispensing orifice and defines an edge for severing at least part of the membrane as the cover is moved from the outer position to the inwardly displaced position. An additive material may be initially stored in the dispensing structure above the membrane and can be combined with the product in the container after the membrane has been severed. A self-sealing, pressure-openable, slit-type valve may be mounted in the cover at the dispensing orifice to control flow through the orifice.
摘要翻译： 为具有通向容器内部的开口的容器提供分配结构。 该结构包括用于围绕容器开口延伸的主体和用于封闭容器开口的膜。 盖设置在膜上方并且与主体密封地接合以适应从外部位置到向内移动位置的轴向滑动运动。 当盖从外部位置移动到向内移动位置时，该盖限定一个分配孔，并限定一个用于切断膜的至少一部分的边缘。 添加剂材料可以最初存储在膜上方的分配结构中，并且可以在膜被切断之后与容器中的产品组合。 可以在分配孔处的盖中安装自密封，可打开压力的狭缝式阀，以控制通过孔的流动。
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