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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5296424A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-22
申请号：US872276
申请日：1992-04-22
IPC分类号： C04B35/468 , H01P7/10 , C04B35/46
CPC分类号： C04B35/4686 , H01P7/10
摘要： A system of dielectric ceramic compositions suitable for various microwave applications. The system comprises a plurality of stoichiometrically-related compositions, each composition having its own particular set of dielectric properties and consisting essentially of a sintered mixture represented by the general formula:BaTi.sub.4-w M.sub.w O.sub.9 --xZn.sub.2 TiO.sub.4 --yBaO--zTa.sub.2 O.sub.5wherein M is at least one type of metal and 0.0.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.about 0.05 and wherein x, y, and z are molar fractions of respective components with values within the following respective ranges: 0.0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.about 0.45; about 0.01.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.about 0.20; and 0.0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.about 0.10.
摘要翻译： 适用于各种微波应用的介电陶瓷组合物系统。 该系统包括多个化学计量相关的组合物，每种组合物具有其自己特定的介电特性，并且基本上由以下通式表示的烧结混合物组成：BaTi4-wMwO9-xZn2TiO4-yBaO-zTa2O5，其中M为至少一种 的金属和0.0 <= w <=约0.05，并且其中x，y和z是各组分的摩尔分数，其值在以下各自的范围内：0.0 <= x <=约0.45; 约0.01 <= y <=约0.20; 并且0.0 <= z <=约0.10。
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公开(公告)号：US4897174A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-30
申请号：US198028
申请日：1988-05-24
IPC分类号： G01N27/403 , G01N27/406 , G01N27/407
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 , G01N27/4067 , G01N27/4077
摘要： Apparatus for measuring the concentration of oxygen in exhaust gases. A gas sensor element of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 -ZrO.sub.2) has at one end a gas pump of two chambers separated by intervening Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 -ZrO.sub.2 with an orifice extending between each chamber and the exterior of the gas sensor element. Two platinum electrodes of a first set face one chamber and two platinum electrodes of a second set face the other chamber. The gas sensor element is mounted in an insulating mounting collar in close contact with two ceramic heaters of resistance heating elements on silicon nitride substrates. The mounting collar is clamped between a shield member encircling the gas pump of the sensor element and a housing member by threaded clamping nuts. The shield member has one or more apertures therein to admit exhaust gases to be analyzed to the gas pump of the sensor element. The housing member has an electrical connector at one end which is spaced from the sensor element for providing electrical connections to the sensor element and the ceramic heaters.
摘要翻译： 用于测量废气中氧气浓度的装置。 氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（Y2O3-ZrO2）的气体传感器元件的一端具有两个室的气泵，两个腔室由插入的Y2O3-ZrO2分隔开，并在每个室和气体传感器元件的外部之间延伸。 第一组的两个铂电极面对一个室，另一个的两个铂电极面对另一个室。 气体传感器元件安装在与氮化硅衬底上的电阻加热元件的两个陶瓷加热器紧密接触的绝缘安装环中。 安装套环被夹紧在环绕传感器元件的气体泵的屏蔽构件和通过螺纹夹紧螺母的壳体构件之间。 屏蔽构件在其中具有一个或多个孔，以将要分析的废气吸收到传感器元件的气泵。 壳体构件在一端具有与传感器元件间隔开的电连接器，用于提供与传感器元件和陶瓷加热器的电连接。
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公开(公告)号：US5304294A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-19
申请号：US974051
申请日：1992-11-10
IPC分类号： G01N27/419 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/409 , G01N27/416 , G01N33/00 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/4074 , G01N33/0037
摘要： Apparatus and method for determining the concentration of NOx in a gas mixture. The gas mixture is supplied to two electrodes at which different NOx decomposition conditions are present. The electrodes may be of different materials or sizes or may be positioned in different gas enclosure environments. The NOx decomposes at different rates at the two electrodes and an emf is thus produced between the electrodes. The concentration of NOx in the gas mixture is determined from the measured emf.
摘要翻译： 用于确定气体混合物中的NOx浓度的装置和方法。 将气体混合物供给到存在不同的NOx分解条件的两个电极。 电极可以具有不同的材料或尺寸，或者可以位于不同的气体封闭环境中。 NOx在两个电极处以不同的速率分解，并且因此在电极之间产生电动势。 气体混合物中的NOx浓度由测得的电动势确定。
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4.发明授权Method for determining identification and concentration of an atmospheric component 失效用于确定大气组分的鉴定和浓度的方法
公开(公告)号：US5221445A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-22
申请号：US339458
申请日：1989-04-17
IPC分类号： G01N27/416 , G01N27/406
CPC分类号： G01N27/4065
摘要： Apparatus and method for determining the identity and concentration of a component in a test atmosphere having a known concentration of oxygen. At least one solid electrolyte oxygen sensor is used, with each sensor having a solid electrolyte wall in contact with, and interposed between, a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is in communication with the test atmosphere. A first negative voltage is applied across the first and second electrodes of a sensor, causing electrochemical oxygen pumping and a first electric current to flow through the corresponding solid electrolyte wall. The first negative voltage is selected to cause the first electric current magnitude to be on a first current plateau. The magnitude of the first electric current is measured.A second negative voltage is applied across the first and second electrodes of a sensor, causing electrochemical oxygen pumping and a second electrical current to flow through the corresponding solid electrolyte wall. The second negative voltage is selected to cause the second electric current magnitude to be on a second current plateau. The magnitude of said second electric current is measured.A table correlating pairs of numbers representing various combinations of first and second electric current with corresponding identity and concentration of one or more components is provided. The measured first and second magnitudes of electric current are matched with the pairs of numbers in the table and the corresponding identity and concentration of one or more component is determined.
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公开(公告)号：US4895812A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-23
申请号：US284037
申请日：1988-12-14
IPC分类号： H01L41/22
CPC分类号： H01L41/29 , Y10S148/093 , Y10S148/094
摘要： A layer of chemically compatible conductive material is applied to ferroelectric semiconductor material having a permanent polarization below its Curie temperature. The materials are heated to a temperature above the Curie temperature of the ferroelectric semiconductor material and allowed to cool. The result is a low resistance contact. The ferroelectric semiconductive material may be a layer on a non ferroelectric semiconductor material with a matching work function or matching dopant levels.
摘要翻译： 将一层化学相容的导电材料施加到具有低于其居里温度的永久极化的铁电半导体材料。 将材料加热到高于铁电半导体材料的居里温度并允许冷却的温度。 结果是低电阻接触。 铁电半导体材料可以是具有匹配功函数或匹配掺杂剂水平的非铁电半导体材料上的层。
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公开(公告)号：US5217588A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-08
申请号：US843877
申请日：1992-02-27
IPC分类号： G01N27/419 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/409 , G01N27/416 , G01N33/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/4074 , G01N33/0037
摘要： Apparatus and method for determining the concentration of NOx in a gas mixture. The gas mixture is supplied to two electrodes at which different NOx decomposition conditions are present. The electrodes may be of different materials or sizes or may be positioned in different gas enclosure environments. The NOx decomposes at different rates at the two electrodes and an emf is thus produced between the electrodes. The concentration of NOx in the gas mixture is determined from the measured emf.
摘要翻译： 用于确定气体混合物中的NOx浓度的装置和方法。 将气体混合物供给到存在不同的NOx分解条件的两个电极。 电极可以具有不同的材料或尺寸，或者可以位于不同的气体封闭环境中。 NOx在两个电极处以不同的速率分解，并且因此在电极之间产生电动势。 气体混合物中的NOx浓度由测得的电动势确定。
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公开(公告)号：US5100742A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-31
申请号：US490812
申请日：1990-03-08
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , G01N27/417 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/12
CPC分类号： G01N27/417 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/1231 , H01M8/04223
摘要： A fuel cell which converts chemical energy from a fuel/oxidant gas mixture to electricity for power usage or gas-sensing applications is disclosed. The fuel cell has a solid electrolyte wall with electrodes on each side. Each side of the wall is surrounded by a partition which forms a first and second chamber whereon the fuel/oxidant gas mixture is allowed to diffuse. Means are provided to initiate a voltage drop between the electrodes which initiates the chemical reaction. Electricity is collected from the electrodes. In an alternate design the fuel cell has a first and second electrolyte wall with electrodes on each side of the walls. A partition wall separates the first and second walls thereby forming a first chamber with the first wall and the partition wall and a second chamber with the partition wall and the second wall. Gas-flow limiting means exist between the fuel/oxidant gas mixture and the first chamber and the first chamber and the second chamber. The chemical reaction starts spontaneously and electricity is collected and stored from each set of electrodes.
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公开(公告)号：US4880519A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US198029
申请日：1988-05-24
IPC分类号： G01N27/406 , G01N27/407
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 , G01N27/4067 , G01N27/4077
摘要： Apparatus for measuring the concentration of oxygen in exhaust gases. A gas sensor element of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 -ZrO.sub.2) has at one end a gas pump of two chambers separated by intervening Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 -ZrO.sub.2 with an orifice extending between each chamber and the exterior of the gas sensor element. Two platinum electrodes of a first set face one chamber and two platinum electrodes of a second set face the other chamber. The gas sensor element is mounted in an insulating mounting collar in close contact with two ceramic heaters of resistance heating elements on silicon nitride substrates. The mounting collar is clamped between a shield member encircling the gas pump of the sensor element and a housing member by threaded clamping nuts. The shield member has one or more apertures therein to admit exhaust gases to be analyzed to the gas pump of the sensor element. The housing member has an electrical connector at one end which is spaced from the sensor element for providing electrical connections to the sensor element and ceramic heaters.
摘要翻译： 用于测量废气中氧气浓度的装置。 氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（Y2O3-ZrO2）的气体传感器元件的一端具有两个腔室的气泵，两个腔室通过插入的Y2O3-ZrO2与在每个腔室和气体传感器元件的外部之间延伸的孔隔开。 第一组的两个铂电极面对一个室，另一个的两个铂电极面对另一个室。 气体传感器元件安装在与氮化硅衬底上的电阻加热元件的两个陶瓷加热器紧密接触的绝缘安装环中。 安装套环被夹紧在环绕传感器元件的气体泵的屏蔽构件和通过螺纹夹紧螺母的壳体构件之间。 屏蔽构件在其中具有一个或多个孔，以将要分析的废气吸收到传感器元件的气泵。 壳体构件在一端具有与传感器元件间隔开的电连接器，用于提供与传感器元件和陶瓷加热器的电连接。
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公开(公告)号：US5316973A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-31
申请号：US10503
申请日：1993-01-28
IPC分类号： H01C7/02 , H01L21/441
CPC分类号： H01C7/021
摘要： A method of making a positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) device, and the PTCR device itself, where there is provided a ferroelectric semiconductor having a Curie point and a bulk resistance. A layer of electrically conducting material is provided upon the ferroelectric semiconductor. The layer is heated at a process temperature greater than the Curie point of the ferroelectric semiconductor for a period of time, and cooled to ambient temperature. The process temperature and time period are selected to be sufficent to provide an ambient layer resistance greater than the bulk resistance of the ferroelectric semiconductor. The layer may be heated in an oxidizing atmosphere or in a reducing atmosphere, which also affects the layer resistance. The ferroelectric semiconductor may be in the form of an oxide ceramic or liquid crystals, and may include barium titanate. The layer may be selected from the group consisting of metal, metal alloys, metal oxides, polymers, and composites thereof.
摘要翻译： 提供具有居里点和体电阻的铁电半导体的制造正温度系数（PTCR）器件和PTCR器件本身的方法。 在铁电半导体上提供导电材料层。 将该层在大于铁电半导体的居里点的工艺温度下加热一段时间，并冷却至环境温度。 选择工艺温度和时间周期足以提供大于铁电半导体的体电阻的环境层电阻。 该层可以在氧化气氛或还原气氛中加热，这也影响层的电阻。 铁电半导体可以是氧化物陶瓷或液晶的形式，并且可以包括钛酸钡。 该层可以选自金属，金属合金，金属氧化物，聚合物及其复合材料。
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公开(公告)号：US5281845A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-25
申请号：US19985
申请日：1993-02-17
CPC分类号： H01C7/021
摘要： A method of making a positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) device,and the PTCR device itself, where there is provided a ferroelectric semiconductor having a Curie point and a bulk resistance. A layer of electrically conducting material is provided upon the ferroelectric semiconductor. The layer is heated at a process temperature greater than the Curie point of the ferroelectric semiconductor for a period of time. End cooled to ambient temperature. The process temperature and time period are selected to be sufficient to provide an ambient layer resistance greater than the bulk resistance of the ferroelectric semiconductor. The layer may be heated in an oxidizing atmosphere or in a reducing atmosphere which also affects the layer resistance. The ferroelectric semiconductor may be in the form of an oxide ceramic or liquid crystals, and may include barium titanate. The layer may be selected from the group consisting of metal, metal alloys, metal oxides, polymers, and composites thereof.
摘要翻译： 提供具有居里点和体电阻的铁电半导体的制造正温度系数（PTCR）器件和PTCR器件本身的方法。 在铁电半导体上提供导电材料层。 该层在大于铁电半导体居里点的工艺温度下加热一段时间。 终止冷却至环境温度。 选择工艺温度和时间周期足以提供大于铁电半导体的体电阻的环境层电阻。 该层可以在氧化气氛或还影响层电阻的还原气氛中加热。 铁电半导体可以是氧化物陶瓷或液晶的形式，并且可以包括钛酸钡。 该层可以选自金属，金属合金，金属氧化物，聚合物及其复合材料。
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