Abstract:
Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for concentrating an organic acid by using a nitroalkane as an entrainer for the azeotropic removal of water from an aqueous organic acid solution. The nitroalkane may be the same as a nitroalkane that is the product of a high pressure nitration process that produces nitroalkanes and aqueous organic acid.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a process and apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by using a dividing wall column.
Abstract:
Monoalkyl glycol ether is separated from dialkyl glycol ether by phase separation using a hydrocarbon solvent, preferably with the addition also of water.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a process and apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by using a dividing wall column.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. By using an isothermal reactor with multiple input ports for aqueous nitric acid, a hydrocarbon feedstock may be sequentially exposed to a plurality of flows of aqueous nitric acid as it flows through the reactor.
Abstract:
Disclosed is an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. The apparatus may be designed such that it can synthesize more than one nitroalkane using the same equipment.
Abstract:
A tertiary alkanol such as tertiary butyl alcohol is converted in one step to an oligomer of the olefin corresponding to the alkanol by reacting a homogeneous solution of the alkanol and an acid catalyst at conditions effective to form the oligomer.
Abstract:
Disclosed are processes and apparatuses for concentrating at least one organic acid using an alkyl acetate as an entrainer. The processes and apparatuses may use the same alkyl acetate as an entrainer to concentrate a mixture of organic acids.
Abstract:
Disclosed is an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. The apparatus may be designed such that it can synthesize more than one nitroalkane using the same equipment.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by recycling a majority of the aqueous phase back to the reactor.