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公开(公告)号：US5402532A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-28
申请号：US316075
申请日：1994-09-30
CPC分类号： G06T15/405
摘要： Apparatus and method for generating displayable information expressive of a three dimensional solid object. The apparatus includes a processor (12,16) for expressing the object in a Constructive Solid Geometry representation thereof so as to be comprised of one or more primitive objects. The apparatus further includes a processor (18, 20) for repetitively evaluating the one or more primitive objects to determine displayable faces thereof. A depth interval buffer (20) is responsive to the operation of a scan conversion processor (18) for detecting when a predetermined number of repetitive evaluations occur without causing a change in the determination of a displayable face and for causing the operation of the evaluation processor to terminate. Toleranced depth tests are used to remove dangling faces or edges and to properly handle coincident faces. Pixel-centering is employed to improve the accuracy of depth tests and to identify pixels upon which a product projects. Shadowing is accomplished using a two-pass scan-conversion technique with an auxiliary shadow-buffer (ZS).
摘要翻译： 用于产生表示三维实体的可显示信息的装置和方法。 该装置包括用于以其构造的实体几何表示来表示该对象的处理器（12,16），以便由一个或多个原始对象组成。 该装置还包括用于重复地评估一个或多个原始对象以确定其可显示面的处理器（18,20）。 深度间隔缓冲器（20）响应于扫描转换处理器（18）的操作，用于检测何时发生预定数量的重复评估，而不引起可显示面的确定的改变，并且使得评估处理器 终止。 公差深度测试用于去除悬挂的面或边缘，并正确处理重合的面。 使用像素居中来提高深度测试的准确性并识别产品投影的像素。 使用具有辅助阴影缓冲区（ZS）的双遍扫描转换技术实现阴影。
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公开(公告)号：US5027292A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-25
申请号：US340322
申请日：1989-04-19
申请人： Jaroslaw R. Rossignac , David A. Epstein , Nader Gharachorloo , Frederik W. Jansen , Christos S. Zoulas
发明人： Jaroslaw R. Rossignac , David A. Epstein , Nader Gharachorloo , Frederik W. Jansen , Christos S. Zoulas
IPC分类号： G06T15/40
CPC分类号： G06T15/405
摘要： A CSG solid modelling system 10 has a triple z-buffer architecture. For each pixel stored in a pixel memory 12 there are five storage entries grouped into five buffers including a front z-buffer (F) 16 which is employed to store the depths of a front face for a currently processed z-connected product, a back z-buffer (B) 18 which is employed to store the depths of a back face for the currently processed z-connected product and a final z-buffer (Z) 20 which stores the front faces of a displayed solid. Two other buffers are an intensity buffer (T) 22 for storing the intensities associated with the front face of the current z-connected product and a final intensity buffer (I) 24 for storing the intensities of the visible faces of the displayed solid. A bus 26 couples these various buffers together and to a processor 28 which may be a central processing unit or a peripheral processor. The system provides for a solid represented by any CSG tree to be represented as a union of z-connected products and that these z-connected products be expressed as intersections of z-connected sweeps. Furthermore it is shown that expressions of z-connected products in terms of sweeps are extracted directly from a CSG tree. Variations of the display methods may be used to detect interferences and differences between solids defined in CSG.
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3.发明授权Multi-resolution graphic representation employing at least one simplified model for interactive visualization applications 失效使用至少一个用于交互式可视化应用的简化模型的多分辨率图形表示
公开(公告)号：US5448686A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-05
申请号：US816687
申请日：1992-01-02
申请人： Paul Borrel , Jaroslaw R. Rossignac
发明人： Paul Borrel , Jaroslaw R. Rossignac
CPC分类号： G06T17/005
摘要： A method for execution by a data processor that prepares an object for display. The method includes a step of processing a first model of the object so as to produce a simplified model thereof, the step of processing including the steps of (a) superimposing a first plurality of grid cells on the first model; for any one of the first plurality of grid cells containing more than one vertex of the first model, (b) combining the vertices into a first representative vertex; (c) generating a first simplified model that includes the first representative vertex or first representative vertices; and (d) storing the first simplified model for subsequent use. The method encompasses a number of criteria for use by the step of combining the vertices within a grid cell. These criteria include: (a) selecting a center of the grid cell as a position of the representative vertex; (b) selecting a position of a predetermined one of the vertices within the grid cell as a position of the representative vertex; (c) selecting an average position of the vertices as a position of the representative vertex; (d) selecting a position of a vertex that is nearest to the average position as a position of the representative vertex; and (e) selecting a position of a vertex that represents a locally extreme point within the grid cell as a position of the representative vertex.
摘要翻译： 一种由数据处理器执行以准备显示对象的方法。 该方法包括处理对象的第一模型以便产生其简化模型的步骤，处理步骤包括以下步骤：（a）在第一模型上叠加第一多个网格单元; 对于包含第一模型的多于一个顶点的第一多个网格单元中的任何一个，（b）将顶点组合成第一代表性顶点; （c）生成包括第一代表性顶点或第一代表顶点的第一简化模型; 和（d）存储用于随后使用的第一简化模型。 该方法包括通过组合网格单元内的顶点的步骤使用的多个标准。 这些标准包括：（a）选择网格单元的中心作为代表顶点的位置; （b）选择网格单元内的预定顶点中的一个位置作为代表顶点的位置; （c）选择顶点的平均位置作为代表顶点的位置; （d）选择最接近平均位置的顶点的位置作为代表顶点的位置; 以及（e）选择表示网格单元内的局部极值点的顶点的位置作为代表顶点的位置。
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公开(公告)号：US20110004449A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-06
申请号：US12599546
申请日：2008-05-14
CPC分类号： G06F17/10
摘要： Various systems, methods, and computing units are provided for reduced cost evaluation of Boolean expressions. In one representative embodiment, a method includes: determining a first modified cost measure for a node of a binary tree, the first modified cost measure comprising M cost values, the node in an original condition; pivoting the node; determining a second modified cost measure for the node in a pivoted condition, the second modified cost measure comprising M cost values; and determining a preferred node condition responsive to a comparison of the first and second cost measures.
摘要翻译： 提供了各种系统，方法和计算单元，用于降低布尔表达式的成本评估。 在一个代表性实施例中，一种方法包括：确定二叉树的节点的第一修改成本度量，所述第一修改成本度量包括M个成本值，处于原始状态的节点; 枢转节点; 确定所述节点在枢转状态下的第二修改成本度量，所述第二修改成本度量包括M个成本值; 以及响应于所述第一和第二成本度量的比较来确定优选节点条件。
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公开(公告)号：US08370115B2
公开(公告)日：2013-02-05
申请号：US12599546
申请日：2008-05-14
IPC分类号： G06F17/50
CPC分类号： G06F17/10
摘要： Various systems, methods, and computing units are provided for reduced cost evaluation of Boolean expressions. In one representative embodiment, a method includes: determining a first modified cost measure for a node of a binary tree, the first modified cost measure comprising M cost values, the node in an original condition; pivoting the node; determining a second modified cost measure for the node in a pivoted condition, the second modified cost measure comprising M cost values; and determining a preferred node condition responsive to a comparison of the first and second cost measures.
摘要翻译： 提供了各种系统，方法和计算单元，用于降低布尔表达式的成本评估。 在一个代表性实施例中，一种方法包括：确定二叉树的节点的第一修改成本度量，所述第一修改成本度量包括M个成本值，处于原始状态的节点; 枢转节点; 确定所述节点在枢转状态下的第二修改成本度量，所述第二修改成本度量包括M个成本值; 以及响应于所述第一和第二成本度量的比较来确定优选节点条件。
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公开(公告)号：US06836736B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-28
申请号：US10164888
申请日：2002-06-07
申请人： Mark Allen , Wayne J. Book , Imme Ebert-Uphoff , Ari Glezer , David W. Rosen , Jaroslaw R. Rossignac
发明人： Mark Allen , Wayne J. Book , Imme Ebert-Uphoff , Ari Glezer , David W. Rosen , Jaroslaw R. Rossignac
IPC分类号： G06F1500
摘要： A system and method for controlling the surface and/or volume of a digital clay device is provided. One embodiment, among others, is a method comprising the following steps: determining a desired position of a skeleton structure portion residing in the digital clay device, determining a volumetric change of fluid residing in a bladder, the determined volumetric change corresponding to the determined desired position of the skeleton structure portion, opening a micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) valve so that the fluid flows through the MEMS valve thereby causing the determined volumetric change of the fluid, and adjusting a position of the skeleton structure portion corresponding to the desired position of the skeleton structure portion, the position adjustment caused by a force generated by the bladder on the skeleton structure portion when the volume of the bladder changes in response to the determined volumetric change.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于控制数字粘土装置的表面和/或体积的系统和方法。 一个实施例，其中包括以下步骤：确定驻留在数字粘土装置中的骨架结构部分的期望位置，确定存在于膀胱中的流体的体积变化，确定的体积变化对应于所确定的期望值 骨架结构部分的位置，打开微电机械系统（MEMS）阀，使得流体流过MEMS阀，从而导致确定的流体体积变化，并且调整对应于期望的骨架结构部分的位置 骨骼结构部分的位置，当膀胱的体积响应于确定的体积变化而改变时，由由膀胱在骨架结构部分上产生的力引起的位置调整。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5283860A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-01
申请号：US614352
申请日：1990-11-15
CPC分类号： G06T17/20
摘要： A system and method is provided for displaying trimmed surfaces on a computer graphics system. The present invention tessellates a three-dimensional surface into triangles and determines whether a trimming curve intersects any triangles. If an intersection occurs, a polygon trimming mask is formed by performing an exclusive OR operation and rendering the polygon into a mask plane. The XOR operation sets the bits in the mask plane corresponding to the trimming mask to logical 1. The rendering hardware then compares the bits in the mask plane with the bits in the frame buffer and draws those pixels which correspond to the bits set to 1 in the mask plane. Since, the trimming mask is a polygon the rendering hardware can perform shading, or lighting calculations using values for points which are contained on the tessellated triangle. In this manner, consistent lighting of a trimmed surface can be achieved. Additionally, the present invention provides for the formation of multiple trimming masks when multiple trimming curves intersect a tessellated triangle. The multiple trimming masks are sequentially XORed into the mask plane and the corresponding pixels are then drawn.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于在计算机图形系统上显示修剪表面的系统和方法。 本发明将三维表面细分为三角形，并确定修剪曲线是否与任何三角形相交。 如果发生交点，则通过执行异或运算并将多边形渲染成掩模平面来形成多边形修剪掩模。 XOR操作将对应于修剪掩模的掩模平面中的位设置为逻辑1.渲染硬件然后将掩模平面中的位与帧缓冲器中的位进行比较，并将与位设置为1的位相对应的像素 面罩飞机。 由于修剪掩模是多边形，渲染硬件可以使用包含在镶嵌三角形上的点的值进行阴影处理或点亮计算。 以这种方式，可以实现修剪表面的一致的照明。 此外，本发明提供了当多个修剪曲线与镶嵌三角形相交时形成多个修剪掩模。 多个修剪掩模被顺序地转换到掩模平面中，然后绘制相应的像素。
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公开(公告)号：US07047143B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-16
申请号：US10889916
申请日：2004-07-13
申请人： Mark Allen , Wayne J. Book , Imme Ebert-Uphoff , Ari Glezer , David W. Rosen , Jaroslaw R. Rossignac
发明人： Mark Allen , Wayne J. Book , Imme Ebert-Uphoff , Ari Glezer , David W. Rosen , Jaroslaw R. Rossignac
IPC分类号： G06F15/00
摘要： A system and method for controlling the surface and/or volume of a digital clay device is provided. One embodiment, among others, is a method comprising the following steps: determining a desired position of a skeleton structure portion residing in the digital clay device, determining a volumetric change of fluid residing in a fluid cell, the determined volumetric change corresponding to the determined desired position of the skeleton structure portion, opening a valve so that the fluid flows through the valve thereby causing the determined volumetric change of the fluid, and adjusting a position of the skeleton structure portion corresponding to the desired position of the skeleton structure portion, the position adjustment caused by a force generated by the fluid cell on the skeleton structure portion when the volume of the fluid cell changes in response to the determined volumetric change of the fluid residing in the fluid cell.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于控制数字粘土装置的表面和/或体积的系统和方法。 一个实施例，其中包括以下步骤：确定驻留在数字粘土装置中的骨架结构部分的期望位置，确定驻留在流体池中的流体的体积变化，所确定的体积变化对应于所确定的 骨架结构部分的所需位置，打开阀，使得流体流过阀门，从而导致确定的流体体积变化，并且调整与骨架结构部分的期望位置对应的骨架结构部分的位置， 当流体池的体积响应于确定的存在于流体池中的流体的体积变化而改变时，由骨架结构部分上的流体池产生的力引起的位置调整。
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9.发明授权Method for selecting silhouette and visible edges in wire frame images in a computer graphics display system 失效用于在计算机图形显示系统中选择线框图像中的轮廓和可见边缘的方法
公开(公告)号：US5359704A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-25
申请号：US785383
申请日：1991-10-30
CPC分类号： G06T15/405
摘要： A first method for producing wire-frame images of tessellated objects in real time utilizing existing hardware capabilities removes hidden lines by displaying the frame slightly away from the actual edges and toward the viewing direction to ensure the portion of the frame intended to be visible is not obscured by the visible faces and that the hidden portion of the frame is obscured by the visible faces. A second method allows for visible and hidden lines to be shown in unique line styles. This is done by first displaying all lines in the hidden line style while suppressing the faces. Then, the first method is performed and the lines that are visible lines are overwritten in another line style. A third method shows only visible silhouette and intersection edges. The visible silhouette edges are obtained by displaying the frame in thick lines behind the visible faces. Then, intersection edges are displayed in front of the faces so that only visible ones can be seen. A fourth method builds on the third by also showing hidden silhouette and intersection edges in a unique line style. Each object's silhouette edges are first obtained in hidden line style as if alone. Then, on all objects taken as one, all intersection edges are displayed and the third technique is performed in visible line style. The methods provide real time performance and can be implemented using standard graphics hardware. In addition, no edge-face adjacency information of objects is needed.
摘要翻译： 使用现有硬件能力实时生成镶嵌物体的线框图像的第一种方法通过将框架稍微远离实际边缘并朝向观察方向显示框架来移除隐藏线，以确保框架的部分可视化是不可见的 由可见面遮蔽，框架的隐藏部分被可见面遮蔽。 第二种方法允许以唯一的行样式显示可见和隐藏的行。 这是通过首先在隐藏线条样式中显示所有行，同时抑制面。 然后，执行第一种方法，并且以另一种线条样式覆盖作为可见行的线条。 第三种方法只显示可见的轮廓和交点。 通过在可见面之后的粗线中显示框架来获得可见的轮廓边缘。 然后，交叉点边缘显示在面的前方，以便只能看到可见的边。 第四种方法是建立在第三种方法的基础上，还以独特的线条样式显示隐藏的轮廓和交点。 每个对象的轮廓边缘首先以隐藏的线条样式获得，就好像一个人一样。 然后，将所有对象视为一个，显示所有交点边缘，第三种技术以可见线样式执行。 这些方法提供实时性能，可以使用标准图形硬件实现。 另外，不需要对象的边缘相邻信息。
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10.发明授权Construction of Minkowski sums and derivatives morphological combinations of arbitrary polyhedra in CAD/CAM systems 失效MINKOWSKI SUMS和衍生物的构建CAD / CAM系统中的ARRITRARY POLYHEDRA的形态组合
公开(公告)号：US5159512A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-27
申请号：US727391
申请日：1991-07-05
IPC分类号： G05B19/4097 , G06F17/50 , G06T17/40
CPC分类号： G06T17/10 , G06F17/5009 , Y02P90/265
摘要： A method for constructing the Minkowski sum and derivative morphological combinations of arbitray polyhedra uses operations supported in current CAD/CAM systems. The method has application to three-dimensional modeling of very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, their design and simulation of fabrication, and to automated mechanical assembly. The method also has application to n-dimensional modeling in robotics as well as other applications of CAD/CAM systems. In one aspect, an exact Minkowski sum of two polyhedra is obtained by a generalization of sweeping a face along an edge. More generally, according to a second aspect, the Minkowski sum of two polyhedra is computed as the union of linear translational sweeps enabled by the first aspect. The method implements techniques and formulas which greatly reduces the overall cost of the computation of Minkowski sums and, in particular, avoids computations involving non-transversal polyhedra. In a third aspect, the method reduces the difficulty of computing the Minkowski sum of a convex polyhedron and a general polyhedron by using simpler surrogate sets for the convex polyhedron.
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