摘要:
Process for the production of hydrogen and the co-production of carbon dioxide in separate streams comprising the following operations: feeding of a solid to a first reaction zone (R1) in which a liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon, preferably natural gas or methane, is also fed, which reacts with the solid fed at its maximum oxidation degree (over-oxidized form), leading to the formation of the combustion products carbon dioxide and water and the solid at its minimum oxidation degree (reduced form); feeding of the solid in reduced form to a second reaction zone (R2) into which water is also fed, which reacts with the reduced form of the solid, producing hydrogen, steam and the solid at an intermediate oxidation degree (oxidized form); feeding of the solid in oxidized form to a third reaction zone (R3) into which air is also fed, obtaining, from the further oxidation of the solid, heat and the solid in over-oxidized form to be recycled to the first reaction zone (R1), wherein the solid contains at least en one element selected from elements which, in addition to the metallic state, have at least three different oxidation states and are therefore capable of producing two redox pairs, in order of the oxidation state, characterized in that in the first reaction zone (R1) the solid in over-oxidized form and the liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon are fed in countercurrent.
摘要:
Process for the production of hydrogen and the co-production of carbon dioxide in separate streams comprising the following operations: feeding of a solid to a first reaction zone (R1) in which a liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon, preferably natural gas or methane, is also fed, which reacts with said solid fed at its maximum oxidation degree (over-reduced form), leading to the formation of the combustion products carbon dioxide and water and the solid at its minimum oxidation degree (reduced form); feeding of the solid in reduced form to a second reaction zone (R2) into which water is also fed, which reacts with said reduced form of the solid, producing hydrogen, steam and the solid at an intermediate oxidation degree (oxidized form); feeding of the solid in oxidized form to a third reaction zone (R3) into which air is also fed, obtaining, from the further oxidation of the solid, heat and the solid in over-oxidized form to be recycled to the first reaction zone (R1), wherein said solid contains at least on element selected from elements which, in addition to the metallic state, have at least three different oxidation states and are therefore capable of producing two redox pairs, in order of the oxidation state, characterized in that in the first reaction zone (R1) the solid in over-oxidized form and the liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon are fed in countercurrent.
摘要:
Process for the production of hydrogen and the co-production of carbon dioxide in separate streams comprising the following operations: feeding of a solid to a first reaction zone (R1) in which a liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon, preferably natural gas or methane, is also fed, which reacts with the solid fed at its maximum oxidation degree (over-oxidized form), leading to the formation of the combustion products carbon dioxide and water and the solid at its minimum oxidation degree (reduced form); feeding of the solid in reduced form to a second reaction zone (R2) into which water is also fed, which reacts with the reduced form of the solid, producing hydrogen, steam and the solid at an intermediate oxidation degree (oxidized form); feeding of the solid in oxidized form to a third reaction zone (R3) into which air is also fed, obtaining, from the further oxidation of the solid, heat and the solid in over-oxidized form to be recycled to the first reaction zone (R1), wherein the solid contains at least one element selected from elements which, in addition to the metallic state, have at least three different oxidation states and are therefore capable of producing two redox pairs, in order of the oxidation state, characterized in that in the first reaction zone (R1) the solid in over-oxidized form and the liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon are fed in countercurrent.
摘要:
Process for the production of dimethyl ether and the co-production of H2O, starting from methanol, substantially comprising a dehydration reaction of methanol carried out in a reactive distillation column with a packing of the re-active, structured and distillation type.
摘要翻译:生产二甲醚的方法和从甲醇开始的H 2 O 2的共同生产,其基本上包括在反应性蒸馏塔中进行甲醇的脱水反应,所述反应蒸馏塔具有重活性 ,结构和蒸馏式。
摘要:
Disclosed is an integrated process for producing olefins by starting from methane containing gas mixture, which process essentially comprises the following steps:converting methane into higher hydrocarbons by oxidative coupling carried out in the presence of air and/or oxygen;dehydrogenating, with the aid of a catalyst, said higher hydrocarbons, with an olefin-rich mixture being obtained;removing H.sub.2 O, CO.sub.2, CO and H.sub.2 from the resulting olefinic mixture;removing from said olefinic mixture any not converted methane, and recycling it upstream from the oxidating coupling;separating ethylene from the olefinic mixture;separating any not dehydrogenated ethane from the olefinic mixture.
摘要:
Process for the production of hydrogen consisting in subjecting a solid to oxidation and treating, in a different zone, the oxidized form thus produced with a reducing stream, preferably a hydrocarbon.
摘要:
Process for the removal of contaminant compounds containing one or more heteroatoms of sulfur, nitrogen and/or oxygen from hydrocarbon streams characterized in that it comprises:an adsorption step in which said compounds are adsorbed by means of an adsorber essentially consisting of silica gel, possibly modified with one or more metals selected from the elements of groups IVb, Vb, VIb, VIII, Ib, IIb or from tin, lead or bismuth, carried out at a temperature of between 0.degree. and 150.degree. C. and at a pressure of between 1 and 20 atm;an optional washing step with polar solvents or hydrocarbons;and a regeneration step for removing the substances adsorbed by means of thermal treatment in a flow of inert gas carried out at a temperature of between 100.degree. and 200.degree. C.
摘要:
A catalytic system for converting methane into higher hydrocarbons, which catalytic system falls within the scope of the following empirical formula:Aa Bb Cc Oxin which:A is an element selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr;B is an element selected from the group consisting of La, Sc, Y, andC is an alkali or alkali-earth metal, whereina is a numeral comprised within the range of from 0.01 to 10,b is a numeral comprised within the range of from 0.01 to 10,c is a numeral comprised within the range of from 0.01 to 10,X is a numeral which satisfies the valency state with which the several elements appear in the catalytic system,is disclosed.
摘要翻译:一种用于将甲烷转化为高级烃的催化体系,该催化体系属于以下经验公式的范围:Aa Bb Cc Ox其中:A是选自Si,Ti,Zr的元素; B是选自La,Sc,Y的元素,C是碱金属或碱土金属,其中a是0.01〜10的数字,b是在该范围内的数字 为0.01〜10,c为0.01〜10的数,X为满足催化体系中出现数个元素的化合价的数字。
摘要:
Process for maintaining the stability of performances of a catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch reaction, performed in a slurry bubble column reactor under a triphase system which comprises gradually increasing the PH2O/PH2 ratio and the PH2O/Z ratio, during the start-up phase, with Z=P0·(T/T1)4·e−(K2/(t·K3)) from 0.4 to 0.8, for a period of time not shorter than 100-150 hrs and not longer than 200-300 hours and, at the end of the start-up phase, maintaining the PH2O/PH2 and PH2O/Z ratios substantially equal to or lower than 0.8.
摘要翻译:用于维持费 - 托反应催化剂性能的稳定性的方法,其在三相体系中的淤浆鼓泡塔反应器中进行,其包括在起动阶段逐渐增加PH 2 O / PH 2比和PH 2 O / Z比, Z = P0·(T / T1)4·e-(K2 /(t·K3))为0.4〜0.8,时间不低于100-150小时,不大于200-300小时, 在启动阶段结束时,保持PH2O / PH2和PH2O / Z比基本上等于或低于0.8。