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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06218744B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09532226
申请日：2000-03-22
IPC分类号： H02J700
CPC分类号： H02J9/062 , G05F1/14 , G06F19/00 , G06F19/324 , G06F19/3456 , G06Q40/08 , G06Q50/22 , G16H10/40 , G16H10/60 , G16H15/00 , H02M7/797 , Y10T307/615 , Y10T307/625 , Y10T307/735
摘要： A line-interactive single conversion uninterruptible power supply (UPS) utilizing a multiple tapped ferroresonant transformer and a square wave PWM inverter is presented. During normal utility line operation, the line voltage is not modified in any way, except for ferroresonant filtering and regulation. Tap control circuitry insures proper tap selection based on the utility input voltage. During tap transitions in utility out of specification operation, a second power source, such as an inverter, is operated to provide output power to the connected loads. The control of the inverter switching angles may be accomplished through a look-up table. This look-up table contains the converter pulse widths for monitored battery voltage. No output voltage feedback is required. Based on the inherent regulation provided by the ferroresonant transformer, the PWM control may be accomplished in course steps.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种利用多抽头铁分子谐波变换器和方波PWM逆变器的线路交互式单转换不间断电源（UPS）。 在正常公用事业线运行期间，线路电压不得以任何方式进行修改，除了铁分子滤波和调节。 分接控制电路确保根据公用设施输入电压进行适当的分接选择。 在超过规格操作的应用中的抽头转换期间，操作诸如逆变器的第二电源以向所连接的负载提供输出功率。 逆变器切换角度的控制可以通过查找表来实现。 该查找表包含用于监视的电池电压的转换器脉冲宽度。 不需要输出电压反馈。 基于由铁磁共振变压器提供的固有调节，PWM控制可以在步骤中完成。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06292379B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-18
申请号：US09538051
申请日：2000-03-29
申请人： Craig Edevold , Cary Winch , Donald K. Zahrte, Sr. , Joseph R. Wade , Peter Jungwirth , Derek Laufenberg
发明人： Craig Edevold , Cary Winch , Donald K. Zahrte, Sr. , Joseph R. Wade , Peter Jungwirth , Derek Laufenberg
IPC分类号： H02M700
CPC分类号： H02J9/06 , H02J3/38 , Y10T307/625
摘要： A modular uninterruptible power supply is presented having multiple power modules installed therein. Each of the individual power modules contains an internal bypass circuit sized for its particular power module. Preferably internal bypass circuitry is sized to carry two per unit load. The system and method of the invention also includes internal control circuitry for each of the modular power modules that control transitions between the inverter and bypass modes of operation. This transition control is coordinated with the other controllers for the other modular power modules installed in the uninterruptible power supply. Both the high speed communication bus and a high level interrupt line are utilized to minimize the transfer break time between different modes of operation while ensuring that the inverter is never paralleled with the utility line voltage. To further minimize this transfer time, a solid state switching circuit is utilized to provide the initialization between operational modes. To maximize the efficiency during the bypass mode of operation, and electromechanical relay is utilized in coordinated operation with the solid state switching device to provide long-term power requirements during the bypass mode.
摘要翻译： 具有安装在其中的多个功率模块的模块化不间断电源。 每个单独的电源模块包含一个内部旁路电路，其尺寸适合其特定的电源模块。 优选地，内部旁路电路的尺寸可以承载两个每单位负载。 本发明的系统和方法还包括用于控制逆变器和旁路操作模式之间的转换的每个模块化功率模块的内部控制电路。 该转换控制与安装在不间断电源中的其他模块化电源模块的其他控制器协调。 利用高速通信总线和高电平中断线来最小化不同操作模式之间的传输中断时间，同时确保逆变器不会与公用线路电压并联。 为了进一步最小化该传输时间，使用固态切换电路来提供操作模式之间的初始化。 为了最大限度地提高旁路运行模式下的效率，并采用机电继电器与固态开关装置协同工作，在旁路模式下提供长期的电力需求。
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公开(公告)号：US07068861B2
公开(公告)日：2006-06-27
申请号：US09946797
申请日：2001-09-04
IPC分类号： G06K7/10
CPC分类号： G06K17/0032
摘要： A device and method for reading optical marks are disclosed. The device, an optical mark reader (OMR) has an array of photo sensors with light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are driven by digital-to-analog converters (DACs), which are in turn controlled by a microcontroller. When calibrating the OMR, the sensors read a white card, and the microcontroller adjust the DACs so that the outputs of all sensors are at a voltage close to the saturation points of the photo-transistors in the sensors so that the maximum useable ranges of the sensors are utilized. The sensors then read one or more patterns of known grayscales and their response voltages are recorded. The microcontroller generates an array of voltage values as a function of grayscale for each sensor and store the values in a memory device. When reading an optical marks, the sensor output voltage in response to a mark is looked up in the table of voltages values stored in the memory device to determine the grayscale of the mark. Various algorithms may be employed to calculate an apparent grayscale to allow the test taker's true intent be ascertained without requiring the test taker to make a perfect mark.
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公开(公告)号：US5315533A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US702733
申请日：1991-05-17
申请人： Frederick A. Stich , Donald K. Zahrte, Sr. , Richard V. Baxter, Jr. , Douglas C. Folts , Thomas G. Hubert , Juan M. Medina , William J. Hazen , Edward G. Beistle
发明人： Frederick A. Stich , Donald K. Zahrte, Sr. , Richard V. Baxter, Jr. , Douglas C. Folts , Thomas G. Hubert , Juan M. Medina , William J. Hazen , Edward G. Beistle
CPC分类号： H02J9/062 , Y10T307/625
摘要： A back-up uninterruptible power system has a power supply path from input terminals connected to AC power system lines to normally supply power to a load. Upon the occurrence of a line fault, a static switch in the power supply path interrupts the connection between the AC power lines and the load and an inverter is turned on to provide power derived from an auxiliary battery through a transformer to the power supply path to supply AC power to the load. By using the static switch, switching from line connection to backup power can be done quickly, within a half cycle, so that substantially no interruption of the output waveform is observed. The inverter can be operated to provide a commutation pulse to the SCRs in the static switch to commutate an SCR which might otherwise continue conducting after the triggering signals to the gates are cut off and before the inverter supplies the AC power to the load. A relay connected between the input terminals and the static switch is controlled to open relay contacts after the static switch has interrupted the current flow to the load, thereby providing positive electrical isolation of the AC power system from the uninterruptible power system while allowing the mechanical relay contacts to switch only during times of no current. Line fault detection is carried out by creating a digital waveform composed of an average of prior cycles of the AC input waveform, converting the stored waveform to an analog signal, and comparing it with the present input signal in phase lock therewith to detect deviation of the input signal from the reference waveform.
摘要翻译： 备用的不间断电力系统具有从连接到AC电力系统线路的输入端子的电源路径，以正常地向负载供电。 在发生线路故障时，电源路径中的静态开关中断交流电力线与负载之间的连接，并且逆变器接通，以通过变压器提供从辅助电池获得的功率到电源路径 为负载提供交流电源。 通过使用静态开关，可以在半个周期内快速地进行从线路连接切换到备用电源，从而观察到输出波形基本上不会中断。 可以对逆变器进行操作，以向静态开关中的SCR提供换向脉冲，以便在切断对门的触发信号之后以及在逆变器将AC电力提供给负载之前换向可能继续导通的SCR。 连接在输入端子和静态开关之间的继电器被控制以在静态开关中断到电流到负载的电流之后打开继电器触点，从而提供交流电力系统与不间断电力系统的正电隔离，同时允许机械继电器 触点仅在无电流时才切换。 线路故障检测通过产生由AC输入波形的先前周期的平均值组成的数字波形，将存储的波形转换成模拟信号，并将其与当前输入信号进行相位锁定，以检测其中的偏差 来自参考波形的输入信号。
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公开(公告)号：US5790391A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US758412
申请日：1996-11-29
CPC分类号： H02J9/062 , H02M2001/007 , Y10T307/615 , Y10T307/625
摘要： A standby power system is provided having power conversion, output voltage control, and line-fault detection systems that make possible a significant reduction in the cost of the system. The standby power system provides backup power to a load, such as a computer system, when main AC line power fails. A system DC battery voltage is converted to an AC output voltage signal at line voltage levels by a power conversion system including a high frequency push-pull inverter, a light-weight low-cost high frequency transformer, a rectifier, and a line frequency inverter. The high frequency inverter is controlled to provide high frequency battery voltage pulse bursts separated by low frequency zero voltage dead times which are boosted by the transformer to line voltage levels and rectified by the rectifier. The line frequency inverter is controlled to provide the rectified line voltage level pulse bursts to the standby power system output in the form of a stepped square wave output signal at line frequencies. Rms and peak output voltage control is provided by a system controller based on a single digital output voltage control signal. The system controller detects the occurrence of AC line faults using a single digital line sense signal. Since analog-to-digital conversion of the power system input and output voltage waveforms is not required for line fault detection or output voltage control, the system controller may be implemented using a low-cost microprocessor.
摘要翻译： 提供具有功率转换，输出电压控制和线路故障检测系统的备用电力系统，使系统的成本显着降低。 当主交流线路电源出现故障时，备用电源系统为负载（如计算机系统）提供备用电源。 系统DC电池电压通过包括高频推挽逆变器，轻量级低成本高频变压器，整流器和线路频率变换器的电力转换系统转换成线路电压电平的交流输出电压信号 。 高频逆变器被控制以提供高频电池电压脉冲串，由低频零电压死区分开，由变压器升压到线路电压电平并由整流器整流。 控制线路频率逆变器，以线路频率的阶梯式方波输出信号的形式向待机电力系统输出提供整流线路电压电平脉冲串。 Rms和峰值输出电压控制由系统控制器基于单个数字输出电压控制信号提供。 系统控制器使用单个数字线路感测信号来检测交流线路故障的发生。 由于线路故障检测或输出电压控制不需要电力系统输入和输出电压波形的模数转换，系统控制器可以使用低成本微处理器来实现。
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公开(公告)号：US06605879B2
公开(公告)日：2003-08-12
申请号：US09838369
申请日：2001-04-19
IPC分类号： H02J700
CPC分类号： H02J9/062 , Y10T307/625
摘要： A charging control circuit for severe battery conditions and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system including same are presented. The charging control circuit utilizes both hardware and microprocessor control to allow the UPS to start with depleted or no batteries installed. Initially, the hardware control loops regulate DC bus voltage generation to charge the batteries to a safe level to allow the UPS housekeeping circuitry to wake up and assume control of the UPS operation. Once the microprocessor has awoken, it assumes control of the DC bus and charging of the batteries. If no batteries are installed, the hardware control loop utilizes a fast responding voltage mode control to regulate the DC bus, while a microprocessor-based current mode control is used when batteries are installed. Hardware over voltage control and microprocessor shut off control is also provided.
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06266260B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-24
申请号：US09653383
申请日：2000-09-01
IPC分类号： H02M75387
摘要： Presented is a center switching circuit and an inverter and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) utilizing same. The center switching circuit selectively enables and disables power flow to and from the bus capacitors of an inverter or UPS. As such, the center switching circuitry effectively removes the bus capacitors from the circuit. This allows operation of the inverter or UPS in a high efficiency mode whereby input line voltage may be passed essentially without compensation to the output when the center switching circuit is open. Modulation of the center switching circuit during this mode provides soft charging of the bus capacitors so that they are available to source current in a double-conversion or DC boost mode upon degradation or loss of the line voltage. To supply output power from the bus capacitors, the center switching circuit is closed to associate these capacitors with the neutral. Fault isolation is provided during operation by opening the center switching circuit to prevent power flow from the bus capacitors.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种中心开关电路和逆变器以及利用它的不间断电源（UPS）。 中心切换电路选择性地启用和禁止来自逆变器或UPS的总线电容器的功率流。 因此，中心开关电路有效地从电路中去除总线电容器。 这允许逆变器或UPS以高效率模式运行，由此当中心开关电路断开时，输入线路电压基本上可以不输出到输出端。 在此模式下，中心开关电路的调制提供了总线电容器的软充电，使得它们可以在降级或降低线路电压时以双转换或直流升压模式供电。 为了从总线电容器提供输出功率，中心开关电路闭合以将这些电容器与中性点相关联。 通过打开中心开关电路来防止电力从总线电容器流出，从而在运行期间提供故障隔离。
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