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公开(公告)号：US5217821A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-08
申请号：US830551
申请日：1992-02-03
摘要： Electrodes for an acid fuel cell are disclosed. The electrodes include a porous substrate and a catalyst layer supported on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes catalyst particles, a hydrophobic binder for providing a network of hydrophobic gas passages communicating with the catalyst particles and hydrophilic catalytically inactive particles for providing a network of liquid transport passages throughout the catalyst layer. The electrodes provide improved resistance to flooding and pumping and may be operated at high current density without developing severe concentration polarization.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于酸性燃料电池的电极。 电极包括多孔基底和支撑在基底上的催化剂层。 催化剂层包括催化剂颗粒，用于提供与催化剂颗粒连通的疏水性气体通道网络和亲水催化非活性颗粒的疏水性粘合剂，用于提供遍及催化剂层的液体输送通道网络。 这些电极提供了改善的淹水和泵送阻力，并且可以在高电流密度下操作，而不会产生严重的浓度极化。
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公开(公告)号：US5480735A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-02
申请号：US218991
申请日：1994-03-29
摘要： Electrodes for an alkaline fuel cell are disclosed. The electrodes include a porous substrate and a catalyst layer supported on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes catalyst particles for catalyzing the electrochemical reaction occurring at the electrode, a hydrophobic binder for providing a network of hydrophobic gas passages communicating with the catalyst particles and hydrophilic catalytically inactive particles for providing a network of liquid transport pathways through the catalyst layer. The liquid transport pathways improve liquid transport through the catalyst layer and electrodes of the present invention provide improved resistance to electrode flooding and electrolyte pumping.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于碱性燃料电池的电极。 电极包括多孔基底和支撑在基底上的催化剂层。 催化剂层包括用于催化在电极处发生的电化学反应的催化剂颗粒，用于提供与催化剂颗粒连通的疏水性气体通道网络的疏水性粘合剂和用于提供通过催化剂层的液体输送通道网络的亲水催化非活性颗粒。 液体输送途径改善了通过催化剂层的液体输送，并且本发明的电极提供了改善的电极驱动和电解液泵送的阻力。
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公开(公告)号：US4316944A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-23
申请号：US160517
申请日：1980-06-18
IPC分类号： B01J23/652 , B01J23/89 , C22C5/04 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/92
CPC分类号： H01M4/928 , B01J23/8993 , C22C5/04 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926 , H01M2004/8689 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0008 , H01M4/921
摘要： A novel and improved noble metal-chromium alloy catalyst is disclosed with catalytic oxygen reduction activity at least twice that of the unalloyed noble metal. The noble metal-chromium alloy catalyst disclosed has particular utility as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of oxygen which makes it particularly useful as a cathode catalyst in an acid fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种新颖且改进的贵金属 - 铬合金催化剂，催化氧还原活性至少是非合金贵金属的两倍。 公开的贵金属 - 铬合金催化剂作为用于还原氧的电催化剂具有特别的用途，这使其特别适用于酸性燃料电池中的阴极催化剂。
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公开(公告)号：US4447506A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-08
申请号：US459002
申请日：1983-01-17
CPC分类号： H01M4/926 , H01M4/92 , H01M2004/8689 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0008
摘要： An improved ternary noble metal-containing, alloy catalyst which has a catalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen greater than two and one-half times that of the supported unalloyed noble metal alone. In addition, a disclosure of the method of preparing said catalyst is by intimately contacting two metallic elements with a supported noble metal, then heating this material to form the ternary alloy catalyst. This catalyst has particular utility for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen which makes it particularly useful as a cathode in acid fuel cells. The preferred embodiment of this catalyst is finely divided platinum alloyed with chromium and cobalt supported on an electrically conductive carbon-black support material.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的含三元贵金属的合金催化剂，其对于电化学还原氧的催化活性大于单独负载的非合金贵金属的催化活性的二倍以上。 此外，制备所述催化剂的方法的公开是通过使两种金属元素与负载的贵金属紧密接触，然后加热该材料以形成三元合金催化剂。 该催化剂对于电化学还原氧具有特别的用途，这使其特别适用于酸性燃料电池中的阴极。 该催化剂的优选实施方案是细小的铂与与负载在导电炭黑载体材料上的铬和钴合金化。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4186110A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-29
申请号：US922004
申请日：1978-07-03
IPC分类号： B01J23/42 , B01J23/54 , B01J23/63 , B01J37/16 , B22F9/20 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/92 , B01J21/00 , B01J21/12 , B01J21/18 , B01J23/40
CPC分类号： H01M4/928 , B01J23/42 , B01J23/54 , B22F9/20 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2004/8689 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0008 , H01M4/921
摘要： Finely divided noble metal-refractory metal alloys and methods for making them are disclosed. As catalysts these alloys have greater activity than a catalyst of the same unalloyed noble metal and may be advantageously used as electrodes for fuel cells particularly when supported. The method for making supported catalysts involves a simple and inexpensive procedure for converting a supported, finely divided noble metal catalyst to the desired alloy. In a preferred embodiment the process includes intimately contacting the supported noble metal catalyst with a finely divided refractory metal oxide, the metallic component of which is capable of enhancing the activity of the catalyst when alloyed therewith, and then heating to a sufficiently high temperature, preferably in a reducing atmosphere, to reduce the oxide and simultaneously form a finely divided, supported alloy of the noble metal and the metallic component of the oxide.
摘要翻译： 公开了细分贵金属 - 难熔金属合金及其制造方法。 作为催化剂，这些合金比相同的非合金贵金属的催化剂具有更大的活性，并且可以有利地用作燃料电池的电极，特别是当被负载时。 用于制备负载型催化剂的方法涉及将负载的，细分的贵金属催化剂转化为所需合金的简单且便宜的方法。 在优选的实施方案中，该方法包括使负载的贵金属催化剂与细分的难熔金属氧化物紧密接触，其金属组分能够在与其合金时提高催化剂的活性，然后加热至足够高的温度，优选 在还原气氛中，为了还原氧化物，同时形成贵金属和氧化物的金属成分的精细分散的负载合金。
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公开(公告)号：US4806515A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-21
申请号：US121009
申请日：1987-11-16
CPC分类号： B01J23/896 , B01J23/62
摘要： An improved ternary alloy catalyst for fuel cells containing platinum and gallium. The method of fabricating the catalyst in a high surface area supportive form is also described. The resultant fuel cell catalyst displays a substantial resistance to sintering during operation combined with a resistance to a chemical dissolution during operation. These enhancements permit improved long-term operation of fuel cells.
摘要翻译： 一种用于含有铂和镓的燃料电池的改进的三元合金催化剂。 还描述了以高表面积支持形式制造催化剂的方法。 所得到的燃料电池催化剂在操作期间显示出对烧结的显着抵抗性，同时在操作期间具有抵抗化学溶解的能力。 这些增强能够改善燃料电池的长期运行。
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7.发明授权Method for the electrochemical production of adiponitrile using anodes having NiCo.sub.2 O.sub.4 catalyst 失效使用具有NiCo2O4催化剂的阳极电化学生产己二腈的方法
公开(公告)号：US4596638A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-24
申请号：US727472
申请日：1985-04-26
IPC分类号： C07C67/00 , C07C253/00 , C07C255/04 , C25B3/10 , C25B11/04 , C25B3/00
CPC分类号： C25B11/0489 , C25B3/105
摘要： Anodes having NiCo.sub.2 O.sub.4 catalyst used in the electrohydrodimerization of acrylonitrile to adiponitrile result in anode voltage requirements of less than about 2000 millivolts at 100 milliamperes per square centimeter of anode area. Typically, oxygen evolving anodes comprised of lead or carbon steel are utilized in the hydrodimerization of acrylonitrile to adiponitrile resulting in high voltage requirements. Anodes containing NiCo.sub.2 O.sub.4 catalyst require substantially reduced voltages and perform well in the conventional electrochemical adiponitrile production environment.
摘要翻译： 具有NiCo2O4催化剂的阳极用于丙烯腈与己二腈的电氢化反应，导致在100毫安/平方厘米阳极区域的阳极电压要求小于约2000毫伏。 通常，由丙烯腈与己二腈的氢化二聚合使用由铅或碳钢构成的放出氧的阳极，导致高电压要求。 含有NiCo 2 O 4催化剂的阳极需要显着降低电压并在常规电化学己二腈生产环境中表现良好。
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8.发明授权Process using noble metal-chromium alloy catalysts in an electrochemical cell 失效在电化学电池中使用贵金属 - 铬合金催化剂的方法
公开(公告)号：US4373014A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-08
申请号：US278249
申请日：1981-06-29
CPC分类号： H01M4/928 , B01J23/86 , C22C5/04 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926 , H01M2004/8689 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0008 , H01M4/921
摘要： A novel and improved noble metal-chromium alloy catalyst is disclosed with catalytic oxygen reduction activity at least twice that of the unalloyed noble metal. The noble metal-chromium alloy catalyst disclosed has particular utility as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of oxygen which makes it particularly useful as a cathode catalyst in an acid fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种新颖且改进的贵金属 - 铬合金催化剂，催化氧还原活性至少是非合金贵金属的两倍。 公开的贵金属 - 铬合金催化剂作为用于还原氧的电催化剂具有特别的用途，这使其特别适用于酸性燃料电池中的阴极催化剂。
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公开(公告)号：US4880711A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US259669
申请日：1988-10-19
CPC分类号： B01J23/896 , B01J23/62
摘要： An improved ternary alloy catalyst for fuel cells containing platinum and gallium. The method of fabricating the catalyst in a high surface area supportive form is also described. The resultant fuel cell catalyst displays a substantial resistance to sintering during operation combined with a resistance to a chemical dissolution during operation. These enhancements permit improved long-term operation of fuel cells.
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公开(公告)号：US4711829A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-08
申请号：US26245
申请日：1987-03-16
CPC分类号： H01M4/928 , B01J23/8933 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926 , H01M2004/8689 , H01M2300/0008
摘要： A ternary alloy catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen is disclosed. Various methods of making the catalyst are developed. The catalyst has an ordered structure which improves stability and the specific activity of the catalyst.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于电化学还原氧的三元合金催化剂。 开发了制备催化剂的各种方法。 催化剂具有提高催化剂的稳定性和比活性的有序结构。
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