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公开(公告)号：US5637258A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-10
申请号：US617345
申请日：1996-03-18
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , C01B13/32 , C01F17/0043 , C09K11/7701 , C09K11/7702 , C09K11/7716 , C09K11/7717 , C09K11/7729 , C09K11/773 , C09K11/7744 , C09K11/7745 , C09K11/7756 , C09K11/7759 , C09K11/776 , C09K11/7767 , C09K11/7784 , C01P2002/52 , C01P2004/64 , C01P2006/60
摘要： A process for the production of metal oxide nanocrystalline phosphors activated with a rare earth, line emitting, element. The nanocrystal oxides are produced by a sol-gel like process. The process begins with an n-butoxide solution of the host and activator which is first subject to acetolysis which will cause the pH of the solution to change from basic to acidic. This is followed by the addition of water in a hydrolysis step which forms a host/activator hydroxide solution. To the host/activator hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, which is very basic, is added, which will cause the precipitation of host oxide nanocrystals activated with the activator. The host/activator n-butoxide precursors may be synthesized by azeotropic distillation.
摘要翻译： 一种用稀土元素生产金属氧化物纳米晶体磷光体的方法。 纳米晶体氧化物通过溶胶 - 凝胶状工艺制备。 该过程开始于主体和活化剂的正丁醇溶液，其首先进行乙酰水解，这将使溶液的pH从碱性变为酸性。 然后在形成主体/活化剂氢氧化物溶液的水解步骤中加入水。 向主体/活化剂氢氧化物溶液中加入非常碱性的氢氧化钠，这将导致用活化剂活化的主体氧化物纳米晶体的沉淀。 主体/活化剂正丁醇前体可以通过共沸蒸馏合成。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5280240A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-18
申请号：US795295
申请日：1991-11-19
CPC分类号： G01R33/1238 , G01N27/72 , Y10S505/726 , Y10S505/843
摘要： An improved AC susceptometer and methodology for its use which is particularly suitable for the characterization of the properties of superconducting materials. Added to the circuitry of a conventional AC susceptometer is frequency domain analytical equipment for measuring the induced magnetic response. The addition of frequency domain measuring equipment permits the determination of the harmonic components of the induced magnetic response. The measurement of the harmonic components of the response also provides novel methodology for studying the phenomena of flux penetration, flux pinning and movement and permits the measurement of parameters such as lower critical field, critical temperatures, and the irreversibility line.
摘要翻译： 改进的交流阻抗计及其使用的方法，其特别适用于表征超导材料的性质。 添加到常规交流电抗器的电路中是用于测量诱导磁响应的频域分析设备。 频域测量设备的添加允许确定感应磁响应的谐波分量。 响应的谐波分量的测量还提供了新颖的方法，用于研究磁通穿透，磁通钉扎和运动的现象，并允许测量诸如较低临界场，临界温度和不可逆线等参数。
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3.发明授权Apparatus and method for mapping inhomogeneities on the surface of bulk and thin film superconductors 失效用于映射体和薄膜超导体表面不均匀性的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5030912A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-09
申请号：US455719
申请日：1989-12-21
IPC分类号： G01R33/12
CPC分类号： G01R33/1238 , Y10S505/726 , Y10S505/843
摘要： Apparatus and methodology for mapping the superconductive properties of a sample of superconducting material. The material is cooled so that it is a mixed state and an alternating magnetic field is induced in a portion of the sample to be tested. The harmonic component of the induced alternating magnetic response is measured at a location proximate to the point of induction. As the inducing and measuring devices are displaced relative to the sample the measured amplitude of the harmonic component is stored in suitable storage means as a function of location in the sample. Thus, a map of the superconducting properties of the sample may be generated.
摘要翻译： 用于绘制超导材料样品的超导特性的装置和方法。 将材料冷却，使其为混合状态，并且在待测样品的一部分中诱发交变磁场。 感应交变磁响应的谐波分量在接近感应点的位置测量。 由于感应和测量装置相对于样本移动，谐波分量的测量幅度作为样品中位置的函数存储在合适的存储装置中。 因此，可以产生样品的超导特性的图。
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4.发明授权Apparatus and methodology for the non-contact testing of materials for superconductivity by detecting odd harmonics above a threshold 失效通过检测高于阈值的奇次谐波，对超导材料进行非接触式测试的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5004726A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-02
申请号：US380162
申请日：1989-07-14
CPC分类号： G01R33/1238 , Y10S505/726 , Y10S505/727 , Y10S505/786 , Y10S505/843
摘要： Apparatus and methodology for the rapid and inexpensive characterization of superconducting materials. The method and apparatus induces an alternating magnetic field in the sample to be tested. If the material is a superconductor odd harmonics are generated in the alternating magnetic response of the material near the transition temperature. The superconducting transitions are manifested by a peak or peaks in the odd harmonic components of the alternating magnetic response as a function of temperature. The peaks of the harmonic components are detected to indicate the presence and number of superconducting transitions.
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公开(公告)号：US5455489A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-03
申请号：US225613
申请日：1994-04-11
CPC分类号： C09K11/7702 , H01J29/20 , H05B33/14
摘要： Electronic displays including CRTs and projection TV (PTV), field emission displays (FED), plasma and electroluminescent (EL) displays, all of whom involve the use of luminescent materials (active displays) for the transfer of information to an audience. The phosphor material used in these displays comprises doped nanocrystals; tiny, separated particles of the order of 100 angstroms or less and thus exhibiting quantum-confined properties. These quantum-confined particles of certain luminescent materials when doped with an activator yield ultra-fast and efficient phosphors. The resultant displays will possess high brightness and high resolution. In addition, certain of the displays will exhibit digital control and increased gray scale.
摘要翻译： 电子显示器包括CRT和投影电视（PTV），场发射显示器（FED），等离子体和电致发光（EL）显示器，所有这些显示器都涉及使用发光材料（活性显示器）将信息传送给观众。 这些显示器中使用的荧光体材料包括掺杂的纳米晶体; 微小的，分离的微粒的数量级为100埃以下，因此具有量子限制性质。 当掺杂激活剂时，某些发光材料的这些量子限制颗粒产生超快速和有效的荧光体。 所得到的显示器将具有高亮度和高分辨率。 此外，某些显示器将显示数字控制和增加的灰度级。
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公开(公告)号：US5422489A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-06
申请号：US185191
申请日：1994-01-24
CPC分类号： C09K11/883 , F21K2/00
摘要： A glowing device comprises a substrate which is substantially transparent to radiation in a first spectral region and supports a nanoparticle or nanocrystal active layer, which is a thin layer constituted of separated tiny particles with nanometer dimensions, typically 100 .ANG. or less in size. When the nanocrystal layer comprises one of certain luminescent materials activated with certain activators, the layer when excited will efficiently emit radiation characteristic of the activator. Since the particles making up the active layer are very small, the layer can be made very thin, of the order of 1000 .ANG. or less. With this small thickness, the layer will be substantially transparent to radiation except for a narrow range of radiation capable of being absorbed by the active layer and thus capable of exciting the nanocrystal layer. When thus excited, the active layer will emit radiation in a narrow wavelength range. When the incident radiation extends over a broad spectral region, then part of the spectral energy will be absorbed and converted to the radiation characteristic of the nanocrystal layer, and the rest will pass through the nanocrystal layer and substantially transparent substrate, which to an observer will appear to glow with light in the narrow wavelength range. By providing multiple layers of nanocrystals, each responsive to a different part of the spectrum, a larger part of the incident radiation energy will be converted to glowing light.
摘要翻译： 发光器件包括对第一光谱区域中的辐射基本上透明的基底，并且支撑纳米颗粒或纳米晶体活性层，该纳米颗粒或纳米晶体活性层是由具有纳米尺寸的分离的微小颗粒构成的薄层，其尺寸通常为100埃或更小。 当纳米晶层包含用某些活化剂活化的某些发光材料中的一种时，被激发的层将有效地发射激活剂的辐射特性。 由于构成活性层的颗粒非常小，所以该层可以制成非常薄，大约为1000或更小。 具有这种小的厚度，除了能够被有源层吸收并且因此能够激发纳米晶体层的窄范围的辐射之外，该层对辐射基本上是透明的。 当这样激发时，有源层将发射在窄波长范围内的辐射。 当入射辐射在宽光谱区域上延伸时，光谱能量的一部分将被吸收并转换为纳米晶体层的辐射特性，其余部分将通过纳米晶体层和基本透明的基底，观察者将 似乎在狭窄的波长范围内发光。 通过提供多层纳米晶体，每层响应于光谱的不同部分，大部分入射的辐射能量将被转换成发光的光。
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公开(公告)号：US4379299A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-05
申请号：US251419
申请日：1981-04-06
CPC分类号： G11B7/2534 , G11B7/00452 , G11B7/243 , G11B7/2533 , G11B2007/24304 , G11B2007/24316 , G11B7/00458 , Y10S430/146
摘要： An information recording medium uses a semiconductor film on a plastic substrate for obtaining a direct read after write digital recording with laser recording and writing devices. The writing laser produces an area of generated heat in the semiconductor film which produces a heated region in the underlying plastic substrate. The heated plastic substrate material decomposes or degases yielding gaseous components with a high pressure that will burst the overlying semiconductor layer leaving a pit or hole in the reflective surface.
摘要翻译： 信息记录介质在塑料基板上使用半导体膜，用于通过激光记录和写入装置在写入数字记录之后获得直接读取。 写入激光器在半导体膜中产生产生热量的区域，其在下面的塑料基板中产生加热区域。 加热的塑料基材材料分解或脱气，产生高压的气态组分，其将使上覆的半导体层破裂，从而在反射表面中留下凹坑或孔。
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公开(公告)号：US5446286A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-29
申请号：US228821
申请日：1994-08-11
IPC分类号： G01L1/16 , G01T1/20 , H01L31/0296 , H01L31/12
CPC分类号： H01L31/02963 , G01L1/16 , G01T1/20
摘要： An efficient and ultrafast sensor for X-ray and UV radiation based on doped nanocrystals. These doped nanocrystals consist preferably of impurity-activator doped wide band gap II-VI semiconductors. They yield high efficiency and short recombination time radiation-sensitive phosphors which in response to radiation emit visible light easily detected by conventional sensors such as Si sensors. The combination of pulsed UV/X-ray sources with efficient and ultrafast sensors will yield sensors with increased signal to noise ratio. In a preferred embodiment, thin films of doped nanocrystals are used for generating visible radiation, which can be imaged with a conventional Si-based camera. Other applications also include the use of doped nanocrystals of piezoelectric materials to sense pressure, of pyroelectric materials to sense heat, and of ferroelectric materials to sense electric fields.
摘要翻译： 一种基于掺杂纳米晶体的X射线和紫外线辐射的高效超高速传感器。 这些掺杂的纳米晶体优选由杂质 - 活化剂掺杂的宽带隙II-VI半导体组成。 它们产生高效率和短复合时间的辐射敏感磷光体，其响应于辐射发射可以容易地由诸如Si传感器的常规传感器检测到的可见光。 脉冲UV / X射线源与有效和超快速传感器的组合将产生具有增加的信噪比的传感器。 在优选实施例中，掺杂纳米晶体的薄膜用于产生可用辐射，其可以用传统的基于Si的照相机进行成像。 其他应用还包括使用压电材料的掺杂纳米晶体来感测压力，用于感测热的热电材料和用于感测电场的铁电材料。
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公开(公告)号：US5422907A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-06
申请号：US246944
申请日：1994-05-20
IPC分类号： H01S3/06 , H01S3/0915 , H01S3/0959 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/14
CPC分类号： H01S3/06 , H01S3/0915 , H01S3/0959 , H01S3/1603 , H01S3/1628 , H01S3/169
摘要： An optically-pumped or electron-beam-pumped solid-state laser employing as the phosphor material doped nanocrystal particles which as a result of quantum confinement can be caused to exhibit discrete levels in its conduction band that can overlap with the corresponding levels in the doping activator such that resonant energy transfer of excited carriers from the conduction band of the phosphor host to that of the activator will occur. The energy levels in the activator are such as to allow very fast carrier transitions to an intermediate level and a slower radiative transition to a ground state. The result is an energy level structure similar to that of a four-level laser but capable of more efficient conversion of the pumping energy to photon generation.
摘要翻译： 采用光泵浦或电子束泵浦的固体激光器，其作为掺杂纳米晶粒子的掺杂纳米晶体粒子，可以使其在导带中表现出离散的水平，其导带可能与掺杂中的相应水平重叠 激发的载流子从荧光体主体的导带与激活剂的导带的共振能量转移将发生。 活化剂中的能量水平使得允许非常快的载流子跃迁到中间水平，并且较慢的辐射跃迁到基态。 结果是类似于四级激光器的能级结构，但是能够将泵浦能量更有效地转换成光子产生。
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10.发明授权AC magnetic susceptometer with odd harmonic measurement for analyzing superconductive magnetic materials 失效交流磁力计，用于分析超导磁性材料的奇次谐波测量
公开(公告)号：US5283524A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-01
申请号：US795296
申请日：1991-11-19
CPC分类号： G01N27/72 , G01R33/1238 , Y10S505/726 , Y10S505/843
摘要： An improved AC susceptometer and methodology for its use which is particularly suitable for the characterization of the properties of superconducting materials. Added to the circuitry of a conventional AC susceptometer is frequency domain analytical equipment for measuring the induced magnetic response. The addition of frequency domain measuring equipment permits the determination of the harmonic components of the induced magnetic response. The measurement of the harmonic components of the response also provides novel methodology for studying the phenomena of flux penetration, flux pinning and movement and permits the measurement of parameters such as lower critical field, critical temperatures, and the irreversibility line.
摘要翻译： 改进的交流阻抗计及其使用的方法，其特别适用于表征超导材料的性质。 添加到常规AC智能电表的电路中，是用于测量感应磁响应的频域分析设备。 频域测量设备的添加允许确定感应磁响应的谐波分量。 响应的谐波分量的测量还提供了用于研究磁通穿透，磁通钉扎和运动现象的新方法，并允许测量诸如较低临界场，临界温度和不可逆线等参数。
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