公开(公告)号：US06271522B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-07

申请号：US09312058

申请日：1999-05-17

申请人： Erwin Lindermeir ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Birger Schimpp ,  Franz Schreier ,  Volker Tank

发明人： Erwin Lindermeir ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Birger Schimpp ,  Franz Schreier ,  Volker Tank

IPC分类号： G01J302

CPC分类号： G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/72

摘要： For quantitative analysis of gas volumes, specifically combustion exhaust gases, by means of emission or absorption spectrometry in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectral range, geometrically defined and reproducibly adjustable observation planes are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of an exhaust stream. In a first series of measurements a number of m spectral measurements is performed, in such a way that the optical axis of a spectrometer is always located in the respective observation level but is shifted in a parallel direction by a first distance from one measurement to the next. In a second series of measurements n measurements are performed, in such a way that the optical axis is again located in the observation plane and is shifted in a parallel direction by a second distance from each measurement to the next. The (m+n) measurements produce two orthogonal sets of line of sights, which form a grid with (m·n) intersecting volumes. With the aid of the (m+n) measurements, each measurement yields the spectral transmission &tgr;(v), or the spectral radiation intensity I(v) which is integrated via the total gas volume in the beam of rays of the spectrometer field of view.

摘要翻译： 对于气体体积，特别是燃烧废气的定量分析，通过在紫外线，可见光和红外光谱范围内的发射或吸收光谱测定，几何定义和可重复调节的观测平面垂直于排气流的纵向轴线定向。 在第一系列测量中，以这样的方式执行多个m个光谱测量，使得光谱仪的光轴总是位于相应的观察水平中，但是在平行方向上偏移了从一个测量到第一个测量的第一距离 下一个。 在第二系列测量中，以这样的方式执行n次测量，使得光轴再次位于观察平面中，并且在平行方向上移动距离每个测量到第二距离的第二距离。 （m + n）测量产生两个正交视线集，其形成具有（m.n）相交体积的网格。 借助于（m + n）测量，每个测量产生光谱透射率（v），或通过光谱仪场的射线束中的总气体体积积分的光谱辐射强度I（v） 看法。

公开(公告)号：US5457529A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-10

申请号：US271447

申请日：1994-07-07

申请人： Volker Tank ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Burkhard Jansen ,  Erwin Lindermeir ,  Klaus Scheider

发明人： Volker Tank ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Burkhard Jansen ,  Erwin Lindermeir ,  Klaus Scheider

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01J9/02

CPC分类号： G01J9/02 ,  G01J3/4532

摘要： In a Michelson interferometer, two plane mirrors of the mirror unit (50) are embodied as two plane mirrors (51, 52) of different sizes, disposed eccentrically and parallel to one another. A hollow shaft (63), rotatably supported in a bearing block (62) and driven by a drive unit (65), is also provided, which is disposed between a beam splitter and the mirror unit (50) and whose axis of rotation (61) coincides with the axis of rotation of the mirror unit (50). The mirror unit (50) is secured to the hollow shaft (63) in such a way that the axis of rotation (61) of the hollow shaft passes through the mirror face of the smaller plane mirror (51), whose axis of rotation forms an acute angle (.beta.) with the vertical to the smaller plane mirror (51), so that the two beams formed at the beam splitter (1) pass, via the tilted mirrors, through the hollow shaft (63) to strike the centrally disposed mirror face of the smaller plane mirror ( 51), are reflected by it to the opposite mirror face of the larger plane mirror (52) and from there to two stationary plane mirrors (71, 72) in such a way that they strike the stationary plane mirrors (71, 72) vertically, and--reflected by those mirrors--take the same path in the opposite direction, recombine at the beam splitter, and are focused by means of an optical element onto a detector (4).

摘要翻译： 在迈克尔逊干涉仪中，反射镜单元（50）的两个平面镜被实施为彼此偏心并平行设置的不同尺寸的两个平面镜（51,52）。 还设置有可旋转地支撑在轴承座（62）中并由驱动单元（65）驱动的中空轴（63），其设置在分束器和反射镜单元（50）之间并且其旋转轴线 61）与镜单元（50）的旋转轴线重合。 镜单元（50）以空心轴的旋转轴线（61）穿过其平面反射镜（51）的镜面（其旋转轴线形成）的方式固定到中空轴 与较小的平面镜（51）垂直的锐角（β），使得形成在分束器（1）处的两个光束经由倾斜反射镜通过空心轴（63）以撞击中心设置 较小的平面镜（51）的镜面被其反射到较大的平面镜（52）的相对的镜面，并从那里反射到两个固定平面镜（71,72），使得它们撞击静止 由这些反射镜垂直和反射的平面镜（71,72）沿相反方向取相同的路径，在分束器处复合，并通过光学元件聚焦到检测器（4）上。

公开(公告)号：US5291268A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-01

申请号：US874167

申请日：1992-04-27

申请人： Volker Tank ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Erwin Lindermeir ,  Oliver Mayer

发明人： Volker Tank ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Erwin Lindermeir ,  Oliver Mayer

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G11B7/0037

CPC分类号： G11B7/0037 ,  G01J3/4535

摘要： A method and an apparatus are provided for determining a path difference in a Michelson interferometer which comprises at least one reciprocably moving mirror element and an analog to digital converter, and which is provided for the determination of an electromagnetic spectrum without a laser having to be permanently used for that purpose. On the contrary, magnetic, optical and optomagnetical storage media are arranged parallelly to the travel path of the mirror element of the interferometer. A clock track is written on the storage medium in accordance with the sample theorem. In operation a pulse sequence derived from the clock track is read by a read head mounted on the movable mirror element and the desired clock pulse and thus the path information is derived therefrom.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于确定迈克尔逊干涉仪中的路径差的方法和装置，其包括至少一个可往复移动的反射镜元件和模数转换器，并且被提供用于确定不必具有永久性的激光的电磁波谱 用于这个目的 相反，磁性，光学和光学存储介质与干涉仪的镜元件的行进路径平行布置。 根据样本定理将时钟轨迹写入存储介质。 在操作中，从安装在可移动镜子元件上的读取头和期望的时钟脉冲读取从时钟轨道导出的脉冲序列，从而导出路径信息。

公开(公告)号：US5331399A

公开(公告)日：1994-07-19

申请号：US874168

申请日：1992-04-27

申请人： Volker Tank ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Erwin Lindermeir ,  Oliver Mayer ,  Rainer Thiessen

发明人： Volker Tank ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Erwin Lindermeir ,  Oliver Mayer ,  Rainer Thiessen

IPC分类号： G01D5/249 ,  G01P1/16 ,  G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01D5/2497

摘要： A method for measuring and determining a rotation angle of a rotating object in which a clock track corresponding to a desired angular resolution is applied on a magnetic, optical or optomagnetic storage medium. The storage medium is then rotated synchronously with the rotating object, and during the operation a pulse sequence corresponding to the clock track is read from said storage medium. The read pulse sequence is then supplied for further processing to following electronics in which the actual rotation angle is firstly stored in a FIFO memory and secondly directly available for further uses. Furthermore, the invention provides an apparatus for measuring and determining a path difference in Michelson interferometers in which path difference are generated via a rotary movement, for example of a rotating retroreflector. A memory medium is rigidly connected to the rotation shaft of the rotating retroreflector generating a path difference and on said medium a clock track corresponding to the sampling theorem is applied and during the rotation movement is read by a read head fixedly associated with the storage medium. During operation said pulse sequence is read by the read head and supplied to following signal electronics in which from the pulse sequence the desired clock pulse and thus the path information is then obtained.

摘要翻译： 一种用于测量和确定旋转物体的旋转角度的方法，其中将对应于所需角度分辨率的时钟轨迹施加在磁性，光学或光磁存储介质上。 然后存储介质与旋转对象同步旋转，并且在操作期间，从所述存储介质读取对应于时钟轨迹的脉冲序列。 然后将读取的脉冲序列提供用于进一步处理以下电子设备，其中实际旋转角度首先存储在FIFO存储器中，其次可直接用于进一步的使用。 此外，本发明提供了一种用于测量和确定迈克尔逊干涉仪中的路径差的装置，其中通过旋转运动产生路径差异，例如旋转后向反射器。 存储介质刚性连接到旋转后向反射器的旋转轴，产生路径差，并且在所述介质上施加与采样定理对应的时钟轨道，并且在旋转运动期间由与存储介质固定相关联的读取头读取。 在操作期间，所述脉冲序列由读取头读取并提供给随后的信号电子装置，其中从脉冲序列中获得期望的时钟脉冲，因此获得路径信息。

公开(公告)号：US5311273A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-10

申请号：US936483

申请日：1992-08-28

申请人： Volker Tank ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Erwin Lindermeier

发明人： Volker Tank ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Erwin Lindermeier

IPC分类号： G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01J5/52

CPC分类号： G01J5/522 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01J2003/2866

摘要： A method and an apparatus are provided for calibrating a spectrometer, in particular a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), in particular for the infrared spectral range. At least four black body radiators of different temperatures are provided, which are arranged horizontally, i.e. parallel to the surface of the earth, thereby avoiding temperature gradients due to convection. The temperature of the at least four radiators is determined by means of the calibrating method without a separate measurement. In the method according to the invention, at the same time the absorption of the atmosphere is considered as a characteristic of the spectrometer, thereby eliminating separate measurement and correction thereof. In addition, for Fourier transform spectrometers the calibration is carried out by means of complex spectra.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于校准光谱仪，特别是傅里叶变换光谱仪（FTS）的方法和装置，特别是用于红外光谱范围。 提供了至少四个不同温度的黑体散热器，其水平布置，即平行于地球表面，从而避免由于对流而引起的温度梯度。 至少四个辐射器的温度通过校准方法确定，而不需要单独的测量。 在根据本发明的方法中，同时吸收大气被认为是光谱仪的特征，从而消除了单独的测量和校正。 此外，对于傅里叶变换光谱仪，校准是通过复谱进行的。

公开(公告)号：US5341207A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-23

申请号：US926618

申请日：1992-08-10

申请人： Volker Tank ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Burkhard Jansen

发明人： Volker Tank ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Burkhard Jansen

IPC分类号： G01J3/45 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/453

摘要： In each arm of a Michelson interferometer (IF) a retroreflector (110; 110') having its aperture plane aligned perpendicularly to the optical axis is mounted on a respective holder (106; 106') which in turn is rigidly connected to one end of a shaft (105; 105') rotatably mounted in a connecting member (103; 103'). To the other end of the shaft (105; 105') a first gear (107.sub.1 ; 107.sub.1 ') is secured which is coupled via a toothed belt (909; 109') to an identically configured second gear (107.sub.2 ; 107.sub.2 ') which concentrically to a drive shaft (102; 102') of an electric motor (101; 101') is rigidly connected to the housing (1010; 1010') thereof. At a predetermined distance from the shaft (105; 105') the drive shaft (102; 102') is fixedly connected to the connecting member (103; 103') so that on rotation of the motor drive shafts (102; 102') the length of the optical paths is shortened in one interferometer arm and lengthened synchronously therewith in the other interferometer arm, or vice versa. Furthermore, the aperture planes of the two retroreflectors (110, 110') always remain unchanged aligned perpendicularly to the optical axis (FIG. 2 ).

摘要翻译： 在迈克尔逊干涉仪（IF）的每个臂中，具有其垂直于光轴对准的孔径平面的后向反射器（110; 110'）安装在相应的保持器（106; 106'）上，该保持器又与 可旋转地安装在连接构件（103; 103'）中的轴（105; 105'）。 固定在轴（105; 105'）的另一端，第一齿轮（1071; 1071'）经由齿形带（909; 109'）连接到相同配置的第二齿轮（1072; 1072'）上， 与电动机（101; 101'）的驱动轴（102; 102'）同心地刚性连接到其壳体（1010; 1010'）。 在与轴（105; 105'）预定的距离处，驱动轴（102; 102'）固定地连接到连接构件（103; 103'），使得在马达驱动轴（102; 102'）的旋转时， 在另一个干涉仪臂中，一个干涉仪臂中的光路的长度被缩短并与其同步地延长，反之亦然。 此外，两个后向反射器（110,110'）的孔径平面保持不变地垂直于光轴对齐（图2）。

公开(公告)号：US5148235A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-15

申请号：US658600

申请日：1991-02-21

申请人： Volker Tank ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Oliver Mayer

发明人： Volker Tank ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Peter Haschberger ,  Oliver Mayer

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01J9/00

CPC分类号： G01J3/4532

摘要： In a Michelson interferometer for producing optical path differences, from a beam divider, a deflection mirror, an externally silvered corner mirror, a collective lens and a radiation detector an input/output module is formed, from two rotating retroreflectors and two stationary retroreflectors an intermediate module is formed, and from two further rotating retroreflectors and from a bilaterally silvered plane-parallel plate a termination module is formed. The three modules can be combined to an interferometer in such a manner that the plane mirrors of the corner mirror of the input/output module are each arranged opposite a respective input-side half of the two rotating retroreflectors of the intermediate module and between said reflectors which in turn are arranged directly next to and adjacent the two further rotating retroreflectors of the termination module in such a manner that the output-side aperture halves of the two stationary retroreflectors are aligned opposite the input-side aperture halves of the two further rotating retroreflectors of the termination module. In operation the respective adjacent rotating retroreflectors of the modules fixedly connected to each other in exact match rotate in-phase with respect to their rotational angle position and in opposite phase of 180.degree. with respect to the corresponding opposite retroreflectors.

摘要翻译： 在用于产生光路差异的迈克尔逊干涉仪中，从分束器，偏转镜，外部镀银的角镜，集体透镜和辐射检测器，从两个旋转后向反射器和两个固定后向反射器形成输入/输出模块，中间 模块，并且从两个另外的旋转后向反射器和从双面镀银平面平行板形成端接模块。 三个模块可以以这样的方式组合到干涉仪中，使得输入/输出模块的角镜的平面镜每个都布置成与中间模块的两个旋转后向反射器的相应输入侧一半相对，并且位于所述反射器 这两个后退反射镜又以这样的方式直接布置在终端模块的两个另外的旋转后向反射器旁边并邻近其中，使得两个固定后向反射器的输出侧孔径半部与两个另外的旋转后向反射器的输入侧孔径半部对准 的终端模块。 在操作中，相互固定地相互固定连接的模块的各个相邻的旋转后向反射器相对于它们的旋转角度位置同相旋转，并且相对于相应的相对的后向反射器以180°的相反相位旋转。

公开(公告)号：US5200797A

公开(公告)日：1993-04-06

申请号：US736843

申请日：1991-07-29

申请人： Volker Tank ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Franz Lanzl

发明人： Volker Tank ,  Helmut Dietl ,  Franz Lanzl

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01D5/26

CPC分类号： G01D5/266 ,  G01B11/26 ,  G01B9/02

摘要： An optical interferometer used for measuring the rotational angle or the anglular position of a rotating object, in which a path deflection is caused by means of the rotation of a reflector, the rotational movement of which is coupled with that of the object to be measured and thus is synchronous with its rotation. Furthermore, a laser beam is introduced into the interferometer. The path deflection caused by the rotation of the retro-reflector creates in the introduced laser beam varying interferences of defined wave length, which are proportional to the rotational angle of the reflector and of the object to be measured which drives it. Furthermore, the angular resolution is inversely proportional to the wave length of the laser beam.

摘要翻译： 一种用于测量旋转物体的旋转角度或角度位置的光学干涉仪，其中通过反射器的旋转引起路径偏转，其反射运动与被测量物体的旋转角度或角度位置耦合， 因此与其旋转同步。 此外，将激光束引入干涉仪。 由后向反射镜的旋转引起的路径偏转在引入的激光束中产生变化的限定波长的干涉，其与反射器的旋转角度和驱动它的被测量物体成比例。 此外，角分辨率与激光束的波长成反比。

公开(公告)号：US4924478A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-08

申请号：US620553

申请日：1984-06-14

申请人： Volker Tank

发明人： Volker Tank

IPC分类号： G01J5/00 ,  G01J5/06

CPC分类号： G01J5/602 ,  G01J2005/0051 ,  G01J2005/0074 ,  G01J5/0871 ,  G01J5/522

摘要： A method of and device for contactless measuring of temperature of an object independently of its emissivity in infrared and/or visible range, is based on finding, by means of Planck law of radiation a curve which is the sum of the radiance or radiant intensity of a radiator having temperature and emissivity of the object and the radiance or radiant intensity of a radiator having the temperature of environment, the latter radiation being reflected by the object with the reflectivity .rho.=1-.epsilon. where .epsilon. is the emissivity of the object. The actual temperature of the object is found from the curve which is most similar to the curve of at least two values of radiance or radiant intensity detected from the object, plotted against the wavelengths. The device for carrying out the method includes a spectrometer, a modulator rotating at constant speed and having at least two filtering segments for the radiation wavelengths, an analog/digital converter clocked by pulses derived from the modulator to produce at its output digital signals, a microprocessor for reiteratively processing the digital data according to the Planck law of radiation, and a display unit for reading out the computed emissivity, the temperature of the object and the temperature of the environment.

摘要翻译： 独立于红外和/或可见光范围内的物体的温度无接触式测量的方法和装置是基于通过辐射的普朗克定律找到的，该曲线是辐射度或辐射强度之和 散热器具有物体的温度和发射率以及具有环境温度的散热器的辐射强度或辐射强度，后者辐射被物体反射，反射率rho = 1-ε，其中ε是物体的发射率。 物体的实际温度是从与物体中检测到的至少两个辐射强度或辐射强度值的曲线最相似的曲线找到的，相对于波长绘制。 用于执行该方法的装置包括光谱仪，以恒定速度旋转并具有用于辐射波长的至少两个滤波段的调制器，由从调制器导出的脉冲计时的模拟/数字转换器，以在其输出的数字信号产生一个 用于根据辐射的普朗克定律重复地处理数字数据的微处理器，以及用于读出所计算的发射率，物体的温度和环境温度的显示单元。

公开(公告)号：US4974182A

公开(公告)日：1990-11-27

申请号：US378483

申请日：1989-07-11

申请人： Volker Tank

发明人： Volker Tank

IPC分类号： G01J5/60

CPC分类号： G01J5/601

摘要： A system and method for optically measuring simultaneously the emissivity d temperature of an object and the ambient temperature with a successive determination of values of spectral radiance or spectral radiant intensity in n wavelength bands in the visible and/or infrared radiation bands and with m temperatures of the object, by obtaining m rows of at least n=4 values of spectral radiance or spectral radiant intensity from the measurements of at least m=3 different temperatures of the object, forming from the rows a set of equations with n.multidot.m=12 unknowns and n.multidot.m measured values, expressing through a set of equationsL1.sub.M,.lambda..sbsb.i =t.sub.QST.sbsb.i .multidot.r.sub.i t.sub.i {.epsilon..sub.i .multidot.L.sub.T.sbsb.OBj.sub.,.lambda..sbsb.i +(1-.epsilon..sub.i)(L.sub.T.sbsb.Amb.sub.,.lambda..sbsb. +r.sub.QST.sbsb.i .multidot..OMEGA..sub.Q .multidot.L.sub.T.sbsb.Q1.sub., .lambda..sbsb.i)}L2.sub.M,.lambda..sbsb.i =t.sub.QST.sbsb.i .multidot.r.sub.i t.sub.i {.epsilon..sub.i .multidot.L.sub.T.sbsb.OBj.sub., .lambda..sbsb.i +(1-.epsilon..sub.i)(L .sub.T.sbsb.Amb.sub.,.lambda..sbsb.i +r.sub.QST.sbsb.i .multidot..OMEGA..sub.Q .multidot.L.sub.T.sbsb.Q2.sub., .lambda..sbsb.i)}the measured values with the aid of the Planck radiation law as sum of the spectral radiance or spectral radiant intensity of a radiation source with the temperature, the spectral emissivity (.epsilon..sub.i) of the object, and the spectral radiance or spectral radiant intensity of a radiation source of ambient influences with the ambient temperature which is reflected by the object with the spectral reflectivity of the object (.rho..sub.i =1-.epsilon..sub.i) [unity minus spectral emissivity] at n measuring wavelengths (.lambda..sub.i), multiplying the sum with a product (r.sub.i .multidot.t.sub.i) of the spectral sensitivity (r.sub.i) of the measuring object and the transmission (t.sub.i) of the atmosphere wtih determining the product also at the n measuring wavelengths .lambda..sub.i (i=1, . . . , n), and solving the set of n.multidot.m equations interatively to determine simultaneously the m different object temperatures, the n different values of spectral emissivity of the object, the ambient temperature, and the n different values of the product (r.sub.i .multidot.t.sub.i).