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公开(公告)号：US5628878A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-13
申请号：US241542
申请日：1994-05-12
摘要： A method of reducing the airburning tendency of petroleum coke and carbon anodes made therefrom includes calcining the coke and spray quenching the calcined coke with an additive-containing water. The additive includes an effective amount of a compound of aluminum which is soluble in the quench water. The additive is deposited on the quenched coke product surface and protects the coke from oxidation or premature combustion when in contact with the atmosphere at high temperatures. The additive-coated coke can then be formed into an anode which also has a reduced tendency to airburn during use in a high temperature environment such as an aluminum reduction cell or an electric furnace operation.
摘要翻译： 减少由其制成的石油焦炭和碳阳极的空气燃烧趋势的方法包括煅烧焦炭并用含添加剂的水喷雾煅烧煅烧焦炭。 添加剂包括有效量的可溶于骤冷水的铝化合物。 添加剂沉积在淬火的焦炭产品表面上，并在高温下与大气接触时保护焦炭不被氧化或过早燃烧。 然后可以将添加剂涂覆的焦炭形成为阳极，其在诸如铝还原电池或电炉操作的高温环境中在使用期间也具有降低的空气燃烧倾向。
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公开(公告)号：US5129998A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-14
申请号：US703312
申请日：1991-05-20
IPC分类号： C25C3/08
CPC分类号： C25C3/08
摘要： The density of various refractory hard metal articles are controlled so that articles made from the refractory hard metals are able to float on the surface of molten aluminum. Floating such articles on aluminum has been found to both stabilize and protect the surface of molten aluminum. Floating cathodes for use in aluminum reduction cells is a particular application for the floating refractory hard metals.
摘要翻译： 控制各种耐火硬金属制品的密度，使得由耐火硬金属制成的制品能够浮在熔融铝表面上。 已经发现在铝上浮动这样的物品既稳定又保护了熔融铝的表面。 用于铝还原电池的浮动阴极是浮选耐火硬金属的特殊应用。
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公开(公告)号：US4450063A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-22
申请号：US536708
申请日：1983-09-28
摘要： An improved probe for an alumina concentration meter is disclosed. The active anode and cathode surfaces of the probe lie on a common surface. A bath temperature measuring device is included within the probe.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的氧化铝浓度计探针。 探针的活性阳极和阴极表面位于共同的表面上。 探头中包含一个浴温测量装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4383910A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-17
申请号：US265900
申请日：1981-05-21
申请人： Nolan E. Richards
发明人： Nolan E. Richards
CPC分类号： C25C3/08
摘要： An improved alumina reduction cell is described in which the carbonaceous cathode includes refractory hard metal tiles projecting upwardly from the cell surface thereof, forming the true cathode surface, and a solid layer of alumina and cryolite beneath the molten aluminum produced within the cell and the alumina-cryolite bath from which the molten aluminum is obtained. This bottom alumina-cryolite layer protects the refractory hard metal-carbonaceous interface from attack by the molten aluminum, increasing the useful life of the cell.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种改进的氧化铝还原电池，其中碳质阴极包括从其电池表面向上突出的难熔硬金属砖，形成真正的阴极表面，以及在电池内产生的熔融铝下面的氧化铝和冰晶石的固体层，氧化铝 - 从其获得熔融铝的冰晶石浴。 该底部氧化铝 - 冰晶石层保护难熔硬金属 - 碳质界面免受熔融铝侵蚀，增加了电池的使用寿命。
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5.发明授权Refractory surfaces for alumina reduction cell cathodes and methods for providing such surfaces 失效氧化铝还原电池阴极的耐火表面和提供这种表面的方法
公开(公告)号：UST993002I4
公开(公告)日：1980-04-01
申请号：US43242
申请日：1979-05-29
申请人： Howard I. Kaplan , Jerry H. Bryce , Thomas J. Johnston , Jan M. Pottinger , Curtis J. McMinn , Alton T. Tabereaux , John T. Willett , Nolan E. Richards
发明人： Howard I. Kaplan , Jerry H. Bryce , Thomas J. Johnston , Jan M. Pottinger , Curtis J. McMinn , Alton T. Tabereaux , John T. Willett , Nolan E. Richards
IPC分类号： C25C3/08
CPC分类号： C25C3/08
摘要： The disclosure pertains to alumina reduction cells which employ refractory materials to provide a molten-aluminum contacting surface for the cathode. Specifically, configurations and methods are described according to which refractory hard metal tiles are secured to a carbonaceous substrate to produce composites suitable for constructing a molten-aluminum contacting surface for the use stated. The tiles are wettable by molten aluminum and are inert chemically to the reduction cell electrolyte. Configurations for coupling and interlocking such tiles are also described. When the tiles are coupled or interlocked in the manner taught, it is possible to achieve a built-up refractory surface which remains chemically and mechanically stable in a reduction cell environment. The refractory hard metal materials used are included among the borides, nitrides and carbides of Group IV, V, and VI of the Periodic System, particularly compounds of titanium and zirconium, and especially titanium-diboride and titanium-diboride aluminum-nitride mixtures.
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公开(公告)号：US5286359A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-15
申请号：US703439
申请日：1991-05-20
CPC分类号： C25C3/08
摘要： An electrolysis cell for producing metals by electrolytic reduction of molten baths which includes non-consumable inert anodes and refractory hard metal cathode elements. The cathode elements are replaceably mounted in the electrolysis cell and have inclined planar working surfaces which have grooves therein. A method for producing metals by use of the electrolysis cell includes utilizing the grooves to control the release of anode gases.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过电解还原熔融金属来生产金属的电解槽，其包括非消耗惰性阳极和难熔硬金属阴极元件。 阴极元件可替换地安装在电解池中并具有在其中具有凹槽的倾斜的平面工作表面。 通过使用电解池来生产金属的方法包括利用这些凹槽来控制阳极气体的释放。
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公开(公告)号：US5019455A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-28
申请号：US428525
申请日：1989-10-30
IPC分类号： B22D3/00
CPC分类号： B22D3/00 , Y10T428/12229 , Y10T428/12271 , Y10T428/12278
摘要： A mold for the casting of aluminum sow ingots includes a mold box having a bottom wall and side walls that define a generally rectangular mold cavity. The bottom wall includes a central raised longitudinally extending protrusion and side longitudinally extending protrusions adapted to define corresponding depressions in the ingot bottom. The side depressions establish ledges for receiving a pair of fork lift blades or tines entering the ledges from either transverse side of the ingot perpendicular to the ledges. A pair of transversely extending protrusions in the mold bottom wall establish corresponding transverse depressions in the mold bottom that are perpendicular to the central longitudinal depression and equispaced from the central transverse axis by a distance enabling the pair of fork lift blades to enter the transverse depressions from a direction perpendicular to either of the longitudinally extending ingot sides to provide a dual entry feature for ease of handling. The depressions in the ingot bottom also define a surface to volume ratio enabling a solidification front in the molten metal to occur that moves from the ingot bottom surface to the top surface to significantly reduce formation of voids in the ingot and depression of the top surface. The sow ingot cast has depressions in its bottom surface that facilitate solidfication and stacking of the ingot.
摘要翻译： 用于铸造铝母锭的模具包括具有底壁和限定大致矩形模腔的侧壁的模具盒。 底壁包括中心凸起的纵向延伸的突起和侧向纵向延伸的凸起，其适于在锭底部限定相应的凹陷。 侧面凹陷形成用于接收从垂直于壁架的锭的横向侧进入凸缘的一对叉车叶片或齿。 模具底壁中的一对横向延伸的突起在模具底部建立了垂直于中心纵向凹陷并且与中心横向轴线等距一定距离的对应的横向凹陷，使得一对叉式起重机叶片能够进入横向凹陷 垂直于纵向延伸的锭块之一的方向，以提供便于处理的双入口特征。 锭底部的凹陷也限定了表面与体积比，从而能够发生熔融金属中的固化前沿，从铸锭底部表面移动到顶部表面，以显着减少晶锭中的空隙的形成以及顶部表面的凹陷。 母猪铸锭在其底部表面具有凹陷，有助于铸块的固化和堆叠。
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公开(公告)号：US4333813A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-08
申请号：US203559
申请日：1980-11-05
申请人： Howard I. Kaplan , Jerry H. Bryce , Thomas J. Johnston , Curtis J. McMinn , John T. Willett , Nolan E. Richards
发明人： Howard I. Kaplan , Jerry H. Bryce , Thomas J. Johnston , Curtis J. McMinn , John T. Willett , Nolan E. Richards
CPC分类号： C04B35/58071 , B32B18/00 , C04B35/52 , C04B35/581 , C04B35/645 , C25C3/08 , C04B2237/36 , C04B2237/363 , C04B2237/704 , C04B2237/84 , Y10T428/2918 , Y10T428/30
摘要： This invention concerns cathodes for alumina reduction cells, particularly drained cathodes, which present a refractory surface for contacting molten aluminum on the cell floor. This invention also concerns materials for constructing such cathodes.The cathodes described comprise a carbonaceous bed, preferably a graphite bed, and a composite tile. This tile is characterized by a layer of a refractory hard metal (RHM) material bonded to a base layer of a graphitic material, where the RHM layer comprises a hot pressed mixture of titanium diboride and aluminum nitride powders. The tile is further characterized by the bond between the RHM layer and the graphitic base layer, such bond having been produced simultaneously as the RHM layer is formed by hot pressing the mixture of titanium diboride and aluminum nitride powders directly against the graphitic base layer. The graphitic base layer is in turn bonded to the carbonaceous bed by means of a carbonaceous cement, and the RHM layer thereby provides a refractory surface for contacting molten aluminum.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于氧化铝还原电池的阴极，特别是排出的阴极，其呈现用于接触细胞层上的熔融铝的耐火表面。 本发明还涉及用于构造这种阴极的材料。 所描述的阴极包括碳质床，优选石墨床和复合瓦。 该瓦片的特征在于粘合到石墨材料的基底层的难熔硬金属（RHM）层，其中RHM层包括二硼化钛和氮化铝粉末的热压混合物。 该瓦片的特征还在于RHM层与石墨基层之间的结合，这种键已经通过将二硼化钛和氮化铝粉末的混合物直接压在石墨基层上而形成RHM层而同时生产。 石墨基层又通过含碳水泥结合到碳质床上，并且RHM层由此提供用于接触熔融铝的耐火表面。
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