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1.发明授权Error analysis for image interpolation and demosaicing using lattice theory 有权使用晶格理论对图像插值和去马赛克进行误差分析公开(公告)号：US07558423B2
公开(公告)日：2009-07-07
申请号：US11394836
申请日：2006-03-31
CPC分类号： H04N9/045 , G06T3/4015
摘要： A spatial transformation methodology provides a new image interpolation scheme, or analyzes an already existing one. Examples of spatial operations include but are not limited to, demosaicing, edge enhancement or sharpening, linear filtering, and non-linear filtering. A demosaicing operation is described herein, although the scheme is applied generally to spatial transformation operations. The spatial transformation methodology includes detailed expressions for the noise covariance after a spatial operation is performed for each of the three color channels, red, green, and blue. A color filter array is in the form of a Bayer pattern and demosaicing is performed using a 4-neighbor bilinear interpolation. Using lattice theory, the spatial transformation methodology predicts noise covariance after demosaicing in terms of the input noise covariance and an autocorrelation function of the image is determined for a given selectable number of shifts.
摘要翻译： 空间变换方法提供了一种新的图像插值方案，或分析了已有的图像插值方案。 空间操作的示例包括但不限于去马赛克，边缘增强或锐化，线性滤波和非线性滤波。 这里描述了去马赛克操作，尽管该方案通常应用于空间变换操作。 空间变换方法包括对三个颜色通道（红色，绿色和蓝色）中的每一个执行空间操作之后的噪声协方差的详细表达式。 滤色器阵列是拜耳图案的形式，并且使用四相双线性插值来执行去马赛克。 使用晶格理论，空间变换方法根据输入噪声协方差来估计去马赛克之后的噪声协方差，并且对于给定的可选择的移位数确定图像的自相关函数。
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公开(公告)号：US07557826B2
公开(公告)日：2009-07-07
申请号：US11398196
申请日：2006-04-04
CPC分类号： H04N17/002 , H04N9/045
摘要： A method and system are provided for approximating spectral sensitivities of a particular image sensor, the image sensor having a color filter array positioned over the image sensor. In one example of the method, the method involves measuring spectral sensitivities of a set of image sensors each having a color filter array positioned over the image sensor, calculating mean spectral sensitivities of the set of image sensors for each color within the color filter array, measuring outputs of a particular image sensor when capturing a picture of a plurality of color patches under a first illuminant and calculating spectral sensitivities of the particular image sensor using the mean spectral sensitivities and the output of the particular image sensor. In some embodiments, the method further comprises utilizing the calculated spectral sensitivities to determine outputs of the particular image sensor under a second illuminant. In some embodiments, the method further comprises utilizing the calculated spectral sensitivities to calibrate a camera including the image sensor.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于近似特定图像传感器的光谱灵敏度的方法和系统，该图像传感器具有位于图像传感器上方的滤色器阵列。 在该方法的一个示例中，该方法涉及测量一组图像传感器的光谱灵敏度，每个图像传感器具有位于图像传感器上方的滤色器阵列，计算滤色器阵列内每种颜色的图像传感器组的平均光谱灵敏度， 测量特定图像传感器的输出，当在第一光源下拍摄多个色块的图像时，使用平均光谱灵敏度和特定图像传感器的输出来计算特定图像传感器的光谱灵敏度。 在一些实施例中，该方法还包括利用所计算的光谱灵敏度来确定第二光源下的特定图像传感器的输出。 在一些实施例中，该方法还包括利用所计算的光谱灵敏度来校准包括图像传感器的照相机。
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3.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100067821A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-18
申请号：US12284055
申请日：2008-09-18
申请人： Farhan A. Baqai
发明人： Farhan A. Baqai
IPC分类号： G06K9/40
摘要： A system and method for denoising using signal dependent adaptive weights includes an imaging device that captures image data corresponding to a photographic target. A denoising manager identifies similar pixels from said image data that are located within a pre-defined processing window around the pixel to be denoised. The denoising manager computes signal-dependent weighting values that correspond to respective ones of the similar pixels. The denoising manager then calculates the denoised pixel value by utilizing the weighting values in conjunction with raw pixel values of the similar pixel set. In this manner all pixels in the image are denoised.
摘要翻译： 使用依赖于信号的自适应权重去噪的系统和方法包括捕获与摄影目标对应的图像数据的成像装置。 去噪管理器从所述图像数据中识别位于预定义处理窗口内的类似像素，围绕要去噪的像素。 去噪管理器计算与相应像素相应的信号相关加权值。 去噪管理器然后通过利用加权值结合相似像素组的原始像素值来计算去噪像素值。 以这种方式，图像中的所有像素都被去噪声。
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公开(公告)号：US08836824B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-16
申请号：US13151967
申请日：2011-06-02
申请人： Farhan A. Baqai , Ralph Brunner
发明人： Farhan A. Baqai , Ralph Brunner
摘要： Systems, methods, and computer readable media for removing noise from the luminance (luma) channel in a digital image represented in the YUV color space are described. In general, an element from the luma channel may be selected and a region about that element defined. Using a threshold that is based on the selected luma element's value, similar luma values within the defined region may be identified and combined to provide a substitute value. The substitute value may be blended with the value of the selected element within the image's luma channel. In another implementation, element values from both an image's luma and chroma channels may be used to identify similar luma values.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于从YUV颜色空间中表示的数字图像中的亮度（亮度）通道去除噪声的系统，方法和计算机可读介质。 通常，可以选择来自亮度通道的元件，并且定义关于该元件的区域。 使用基于所选择的亮度元素值的阈值，可以识别并组合所定义区域内的相似亮度值以提供替代值。 替代值可以与图像的亮度通道内的所选择的元素的值相混合。 在另一实现中，可以使用来自图像的亮度和色度通道的元素值来识别相似的亮度值。
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公开(公告)号：US20130329004A1
公开(公告)日：2013-12-12
申请号：US13492302
申请日：2012-06-08
申请人： Farhan A. Baqai , Vincent Y. Wong , Todd S. Sachs
发明人： Farhan A. Baqai , Vincent Y. Wong , Todd S. Sachs
CPC分类号： H04N5/217 , G06T5/002 , G06T2207/20016 , H04N5/23238 , H04N9/045 , H04N9/77
摘要： Image enhancement by separating the image signals, either Y or RGB, into a series of bands and performing noise reduction on bands below a given frequency but not on bands above that frequency. The bands are summed to develop the image enhanced signals. This results in improved sharpness and masking of image processing pipeline artifacts. Chroma signals are not separated into bands but have noise reduction applied to the full bandwidth signals. The higher frequency band is attenuated or amplified based on light level. The noise reduction has thresholds based on measured parameters, such as signal frequency, gain and light level, provided in a lookup table. The window size used for the noise reduction varies with the light level as well, smaller windows sizes being used in bright light and increasing window sizes as light levels decrease. Panoramic images are handled in a similar fashion.
摘要翻译： 通过将Y或RGB图像信号分离成一系列频带并在低于给定频率但不超过该频率的频带上进行降噪的图像增强。 将频带相加以开发图像增强信号。 这导致改进的图像处理管道伪像的锐度和掩蔽。 色度信号不被分离成带，而是将噪声降低应用于全带宽信号。 较高的频带基于光级衰减或放大。 噪声降低具有基于测量参数的阈值，例如在查找表中提供的信号频率，增益和光级。 用于降噪的窗户尺寸也随着光线水平而变化，较小的窗户尺寸用于明亮的光线，并随着光线水平的降低而增加窗口尺寸。 全景图像以类似的方式处理。
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08320698B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-27
申请号：US12284055
申请日：2008-09-18
申请人： Farhan A. Baqai
发明人： Farhan A. Baqai
IPC分类号： G06K9/40
摘要： A system and method for denoising using signal dependent adaptive weights includes an imaging device that captures image data corresponding to a photographic target. A denoising manager identifies similar pixels from said image data that are located within a pre-defined processing window around the pixel to be denoised. The denoising manager computes signal-dependent weighting values that correspond to respective ones of the similar pixels. The denoising manager then calculates the denoised pixel value by utilizing the weighting values in conjunction with raw pixel values of the similar pixel set. In this manner all pixels in the image are denoised.
摘要翻译： 使用依赖于信号的自适应权重去噪的系统和方法包括捕获与摄影目标对应的图像数据的成像装置。 去噪管理器从所述图像数据中识别位于预定义处理窗口内的类似像素，围绕要去噪的像素。 去噪管理器计算与相应像素相应的信号相关加权值。 去噪管理器然后通过利用加权值结合相似像素组的原始像素值来计算去噪像素值。 以这种方式，图像中的所有像素都被去噪声。
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公开(公告)号：US20100231725A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-16
申请号：US12404859
申请日：2009-03-16
申请人： Xiaoling Wang , Farhan A. Baqai , Takami Mizukura , Naoya Katoh
发明人： Xiaoling Wang , Farhan A. Baqai , Takami Mizukura , Naoya Katoh
IPC分类号： H04N17/02
CPC分类号： H04N9/735 , H04N2101/00
摘要： The color calibration using colored rays method achieves illuminant independence in calibrating digital still cameras. A constraint is developed using matrix-vector operations and properties of the Kronecker product. The constraint ensures similar calibration performance between colored rays set and the Macbeth ColorChecker. An optimization scheme using orthogonal non-negative matrix factorization with the new constraint is able to obtain the optimal colored rays set. Then, by acquiring an image of the optimal colored rays set, a camera is able to determine an adjustment matrix for color calibration. Experimental results show that compared to traditional calibration approach for digital still cameras, the colored rays approach gives smaller color error under various evaluation illuminants with only one shot needed.
摘要翻译： 使用彩色光线法进行颜色校准可实现校准数码相机中的光源独立性。 使用Kronecker产品的矩阵向量操作和属性开发约束。 该约束确保了彩色射线组与Macbeth ColorChecker之间的相似校准性能。 使用正交非负矩阵因式分解与新约束的优化方案能够获得最佳彩色射线集。 然后，通过获取最佳彩色射线组的图像，照相机能够确定用于颜色校准的调整矩阵。 实验结果表明，与传统的数码相机校准方法相比，彩色射线方法在各种评估光源下都能产生较小的颜色误差，只需一次。
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8.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20080240203A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-02
申请号：US11731261
申请日：2007-03-29
申请人： Farhan A. Baqai , Akira Matsui , Kenichi Nishio
发明人： Farhan A. Baqai , Akira Matsui , Kenichi Nishio
IPC分类号： H04B1/00
CPC分类号： G01V1/28 , G06K9/40 , G06T5/002 , G06T2207/10024 , G06T2207/20016 , G06T2207/30168 , G10L25/18 , H04N5/217 , H04N9/646
摘要： A fast accurate multi-channel frequency dependent scheme for analyzing noise in a signal processing system is described herein. Noise is decomposed within each channel into frequency bands and sub-band noise is propagated. To avoid the computational complexity of a convolution, traditional methods either assume the noise to be white, at any point in the signal processing pipeline, or they just ignore spatial operations. By assuming the noise to be white within each frequency band, it is possible to propagate any type of noise (white, colored, Gaussian, non-Gaussian and others) across a spatial transformation in a very fast and accurate manner. To demonstrate the efficacy of this technique, noise propagation is considered across various spatial operations in an image processing pipeline. Furthermore, the computational complexity is a very small fraction of the computational cost of propagating an image through a signal processing system.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了用于分析信号处理系统中的噪声的快速准确的多通道频率相关方案。 噪声在每个通道内分解成频带，并且传播子带噪声。 为了避免卷积的计算复杂度，传统方法或者假设噪声为白色，在信号处理流水线中的任何点，或者它们只是忽略空间操作。 通过在每个频带内假设噪声为白色，可以以非常快速和准确的方式跨越空间变换传播任何类型的噪声（白色，彩色，高斯，非高斯等）。 为了演示该技术的功效，在图像处理流水线中，考虑了各种空间操作中的噪声传播。 此外，计算复杂度是通过信号处理系统传播图像的计算成本的很小一部分。
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9.发明授权System and method for effectively performing an image data transformation procedure 有权用于有效执行图像数据变换过程的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US07277575B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-02
申请号：US10721628
申请日：2003-11-25
申请人： Farhan A. Baqai , Ted J. Cooper , Akira Matsui , Kenichi Nishio
发明人： Farhan A. Baqai , Ted J. Cooper , Akira Matsui , Kenichi Nishio
CPC分类号： H04N5/243 , H04N1/58 , H04N1/6086 , H04N5/217 , H04N9/045 , H04N9/67 , H04N17/002
摘要： A system and method for effectively performing an image data transformation procedure may include an electronic camera device that is implemented to capture primary image data corresponding to a photographic target. A transformation manager in the electronic camera device may be configured to convert the primary image data into secondary image data by utilizing selectable transformation parameters that are optimized by utilizing an optimization metric to thereby minimize noise characteristics in the secondary image data. The transformation parameters may be stored in parameter lookup tables in the electronic camera device for use by the transformation manager in performing the image data transformation procedure.
摘要翻译： 用于有效执行图像数据变换过程的系统和方法可以包括被实现为捕获与摄影目标对应的主要图像数据的电子照相机设备。 电子照相机装置中的变换管理器可以被配置为通过利用通过利用优化度量优化的可选择的变换参数将主图像数据转换成次级图像数据，从而使辅助图像数据中的噪声特性最小化。 变换参数可以存储在电子照相机设备中的参数查找表中，以供变换管理器在执行图像数据变换过程中使用。
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公开(公告)号：US08711249B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-29
申请号：US11731542
申请日：2007-03-29
申请人： Farhan A. Baqai , Akira Matsui , Kenichi Nishio
发明人： Farhan A. Baqai , Akira Matsui , Kenichi Nishio
IPC分类号： H04N5/21
摘要： An image denoising system and method of implementing the image denoising system is described herein. Noise is decomposed within each channel into frequency bands, and sub-band noise is propagated. Denoising is then able to occur at any node in a camera pipeline after accurately predicting noise that is signal level-dependent, frequency dependent and has inter-channel correlation. A methodology is included for estimating image noise in each color channel at a sensor output based on average image level and camera noise parameters. A scheme is implemented for detecting a peak-white image level for each color channel and predicting image level values for representative colors. Based on a noise model and camera parameters, noise levels are predicted for each color channel for each color patch and these noise levels are propagated to the denoising node. A three dimentional LUT correlates signal level to noise level. Then, a denoising threshold is adaptively controlled.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了一种图像去噪系统和实现图像去噪系统的方法。 噪声在每个通道内分解成频带，并且传播子带噪声。 然后，在准确预测信号电平依赖，频率依赖并具有信道间相关性的噪声之后，可以在相机流水线中的任何节点处进行去噪。 包括一种基于平均图像水平和相机噪声参数估计传感器输出中每个颜色通道中的图像噪声的方法。 实现用于检测每个颜色通道的峰 - 白图像水平并且预测代表性颜色的图像水平值的方案。 基于噪声模型和摄像机参数，为每个色标的每个颜色通道预测噪声水平，并且将这些噪声水平传播到去噪节点。 三维LUT将信号电平与噪声电平相关联。 然后，自适应地控制去噪阈值。
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