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公开(公告)号：US4022870A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-10
申请号：US596340
申请日：1975-07-16
CPC分类号： B01D53/8609 , B01J23/83 , C01B17/0478 , C01B17/0486 , C01B17/0491
摘要： This application describes a process for the catalytic reduction of sulfur dioxide in gas streams containing sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur using a reducing gas such as hydrogen or, preferably, carbon monoxide, in a reactor charged with a material represented by the formula Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 . Co.sub.2 O.sub.3, where Ln is either Y or Gd.In a further aspect of this invention, a gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide or carbonyl sulfide and sulfur dioxide is passed through a reaction chamber charged with Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 . Co.sub.2 O.sub.3, where Ln is either Y or Gd, to catalytically produce at a sufficiently elevated temperature elemental sulfur with concomitant reduction of the concentrations of the undesired hydrogen sulfide or carbonyl sulfide and sulfur dioxide.
摘要翻译： 本申请描述了在装有由式Ln 2 O 3表示的材料的反应器中，使用还原气体如氢气或优选一氧化碳，将含有二氧化硫的气流中的二氧化硫催化还原为元素硫的方法。 Co2O3，其中Ln是Y或Gd。
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公开(公告)号：US3931390A
公开(公告)日：1976-01-06
申请号：US524855
申请日：1974-11-18
CPC分类号： C01B17/0491 , B01D53/8609 , B01J23/83 , C01B17/0478 , C01B17/0486
摘要： This application describes a process for the catalytic reduction of sulfur dioxide in gas streams containing sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur using a reducing gas such as hydrogen or, preferably, carbon monoxide, and a catalyst of the formula Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 . Co.sub.2 O.sub.3, where Ln is either Y or Gd.
摘要翻译： 本申请描述了一种使用还原气体如氢气或优选一氧化碳将催化还原含二氧化硫的二氧化硫还原成元素硫的方法，以及式Ln 2 O 3的催化剂。 Co2O3，其中Ln是Y或Gd。
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3.发明授权Method of producing dense silicon nitride ceramic articles having controlled surface layer composition 失效制备具有受控表面层组成的致密氮化硅陶瓷制品的方法
公开(公告)号：US4383958A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-17
申请号：US333235
申请日：1981-12-21
申请人： Anthony P. Moschetti , J. Thomas Smith , Carr L. W. Quackenbush , Helmut Lingertat , Vincent W. Nehring
发明人： Anthony P. Moschetti , J. Thomas Smith , Carr L. W. Quackenbush , Helmut Lingertat , Vincent W. Nehring
IPC分类号： C04B35/584 , C04B35/593 , C04B35/58
CPC分类号： C04B35/5935 , Y10T428/26
摘要： Dense, composite, polycrystalline ceramic articles comprising silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, and yttrium oxide and having thin surface layers of controlled composition are formed by sintering pre-pressed compacts embedded in setter bed powder mixtures having compositions of silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, and yttrium oxide which differ from that of the pressed compact.Employing the method of this invention, articles are produced which have surface layers in which the minor phase of the article is enriched with either yttrium or silicon.
摘要翻译： 包含氮化硅，二氧化硅和氧化钇并且具有受控组成的薄表面层的密集的复合多晶陶瓷制品通过烧结嵌入在具有氮化硅，二氧化硅和钇的组成的固化床粉末混合物中的预压制成 氧化物与压制成型体的不同。 采用本发明的方法，生产具有表面层的制品，其中制品的微相富含钇或硅。
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公开(公告)号：US5089047A
公开(公告)日：1992-02-18
申请号：US632238
申请日：1990-12-20
CPC分类号： C22C29/005 , C22C29/067 , Y10T428/12021 , Y10T428/12458
摘要： A dense cermet article including about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase and about 5-20% by volume of a metal phase. The granular hard phase consists essentially of a ceramic material selected from the hard refractory carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, carboxynitrides, and borides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, boron, and mixtures thereof. The metal phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a weight ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 90:10 to about 70:30 and 0-5% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, boron, or carbon, or combinations thereof. In the preferred metal phase, an amount of about 15-80% by volume of the metal phase component exhibits a Ni.sub.3 Al ordered crystal structure. The article may be produced by presintering the hard phase - metal phase component mixture in a vacuum or inert atmosphere at about 1475.degree.-1675.degree. C., then densifying by hot isostatic pressing at a temperature of about 1575.degree.-1675.degree. C., in an inert atmosphere, and at about 34-207 MPa pressure. Limiting the presintering temperature to 1475.degree.-1575.degree. C. and keeping the presintering temperature at least 50.degree. C. below the not pressing temperature produces an article of gradated hardness, harder at the surface than at the core.
摘要翻译： 包括约80-95体积％的粒状硬质相和约5-20体积％的金属相的密集金属陶瓷制品。 颗粒状硬质相基本上由选自硬质耐火碳化物，氮化物，碳氮化物，碳氧化物，氧氮化物，羧基氮化物和钛，锆，铪，钒，铌，钽，铬，钼，钨，硼等的陶瓷材料组成。 及其混合物。 金属相基本上由镍和铝的组合组成，镍和铝的重量比为约90:10至约70:30，0-5重量％的添加剂选自钛，锆 ，铪，钒，铌，钽，铬，钼，钨，钴，硼或碳，或它们的组合。 在优选的金属相中，金属相组分的约15-80体积％的量呈现出Ni 3 Al有序晶体结构。 制品可以通过在真空或惰性气氛中在约1475℃-1675℃预烧结硬相 - 金属相组分混合物，然后在约1575℃-1675℃的温度下通过热等静压进行致密化， 在惰性气氛中，压力约为34-207MPa。 将预烧温度限制在1475°-1575℃，并将预烧结温度保持在不压制温度以下至少50℃，产生一层比硬度更硬的物品。
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5.发明授权Sintered silicon nitride ceramic articles having surface layers of controlled composition 失效具有受控组成的表面层的烧结氮化硅陶瓷制品
公开(公告)号：US4400427A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-23
申请号：US333246
申请日：1981-12-21
申请人： Anthony P. Moschetti , J. Thomas Smith , Carr L. W. Quackenbush , Helmut Lingertat , Vincent W. Nehring
发明人： Anthony P. Moschetti , J. Thomas Smith , Carr L. W. Quackenbush , Helmut Lingertat , Vincent W. Nehring
IPC分类号： C04B35/584 , B32B9/04 , C04B35/58
CPC分类号： C04B35/584 , Y10T428/26
摘要： Sintered silicon nitride-silica-yttria ceramic articles having silica-rich or yttria-rich casing layers are disclosed. The surface layers are formed by sintering pre-compacted bodies in a powder setter bed to produce unitary sintered bodies having surface layers in which the atom ratio of yttrium to silicon has a smooth gradient from the surface of the article to the interior body of the article.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有富二氧化硅或氧化钇的外壳层的烧结氮化硅 - 二氧化硅 - 氧化钇陶瓷制品。 表面层通过在粉末固化床中烧结预压实体而形成，以产生具有表面层的单一烧结体，其中钇与硅的原子比具有从制品表面到制品内部的平滑梯度 。
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公开(公告)号：US5216845A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-08
申请号：US693492
申请日：1991-04-30
IPC分类号： C04B35/117 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/74 , C22C29/12
CPC分类号： C22C29/12 , C04B35/117 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/74 , Y10T82/10
摘要： A method for machining a high temperature nickel based alloy workpiece or other difficult-to-work material. The method involves machining the workpiece at an effective cutting speed of up to about 1500 sfm per minute, moving a ceramic-metal cutting tool across the face of the workpiece at a rate of up to about 0.04 in/rev, and cutting the workpiece with the ceramic-metal cutting tool to effect a depth of cut of up to about 0.15 inches per pass. The ceramic-metal cutting tool has a density of at least about 95% of theoretical, and includes about 80-98%, preferably 88-96%, by volume of granular hard phases and about 2-20%, preferably 4-12%, by volume of a metal phase. The granular hard phases are (a) a major hard phase portion of alumina and (b) a minor hard phase portion of hard refractory metal carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, and borides. The metal phase is combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 80:20 to about 90:10, preferably 85:15 to 88:12 by weight with optional additives. Preferably, the metal phase is non-continuous and dispersed, and at least a major portion of the metal phase is segregated at hard phase triple points.
摘要翻译： 一种加工高温镍基合金工件或其他难以加工的材料的方法。 该方法包括以高达约1500sfm /分钟的有效切割速度加工工件，以高达约0.04英寸/转的速度移动陶瓷金属切割工具跨过工件的表面，并且用 陶瓷金属切割工具可以实现每次通过高达约0.15英寸的切割深度。 陶瓷金属切削工具的密度至少为理论值的约95％，包括约80-98％，优选88-96％（体积）的颗粒硬质相和约2-20％，优选为4-12％ ，以体积计的金属相。 颗粒状硬质相是（a）氧化铝的主要硬相部分和（b）硬质难熔金属碳化物，氮化物，碳氮化物和硼化物的次要硬相部分。 金属相是镍和铝的组合，镍与铝的比例为约80:20至约90:10，优选为85:15至88:12，其中任选的添加剂。 优选地，金属相是非连续的和分散的，并且金相的至少大部分在硬相三相分离。
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公开(公告)号：US5041261A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-20
申请号：US635408
申请日：1990-12-21
IPC分类号： C22C29/00
CPC分类号： C22C29/005
摘要： A method for manufacturing a dense cermet article including about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase and about 5-20% by volume of a metal binder phase. The hard phase is (a) the hard refractory carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, carboxynitrides, borides, and mixtures thereof of the elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and B, or (b) the hard refractory carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides, and mixtures thereof of a cubic solid solution of Zr--Ti, Hf--Ti, Hf--Zr, V--Ti, Nb--Ti, Ta--Ti, Mo--Ti, W--Ti, W--Hf, W--Nb, or W--Ta. The binder phase is a combination of Ni and Al having a Ni:Al weight ratio of from about 85:15 to about 88:12, and 0-5% by weight of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Co, B, and/or C. The method involves presintering the hard phase/binder phase mixture in a vacuum or inert atmosphere at about 1475.degree.-1675.degree. C., then HIPing at about 1575.degree.-1675.degree. C., in an inert atmosphere, and at about 34-207 MPa pressure. Limiting the presintering temperature to 1475.degree.-1575.degree. C. and keeping the presintering temperature at least 50.degree. C. below the hot pressing temperature, produces an article of gradated hardness, harder at the surface than at the core.
摘要翻译： 制造包含约80-95体积％的粒状硬质相和约5-20体积％金属粘结相的致密金属陶瓷制品的方法。 硬相是（a）选自Ti，Zr，Hf，V，Nb，Ta，Cr中的元素的硬质耐火碳化物，氮化物，碳氮化物，碳氧化物，氮氧化物，羧基氮化物，硼化物及其混合物， Mo，W和B，或（b）硬质难熔碳化物，氮化物，碳氮化物，碳氧化物，氮氧化物和羧基氮化物，以及Zr-Ti，Hf-Ti，Hf-Zr，V- Ti，Nb-Ti，Ta-Ti，Mo-Ti，W-Ti，W-Hf，W-Nb或W-Ta。 粘结相是具有Ni:Al重量比为约85:15至约88:12的Ni和Al的组合，以及0-5重量％的Ti，Zr，Hf，V，Nb，Ta，Cr ，Mo，W，Co，B和/或C.该方法包括在真空或惰性气氛中预烧结硬相/粘合剂相混合物在约1475°-1675℃，然后在约1575°-1675℃进行HIPing 在惰性气氛中，压力约为34-207MPa。 将预烧温度限制在1475°-1575℃，并将预烧温度保持在低于热压温度的至少50℃，产生在表面比芯更硬的渐层硬度物品。
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公开(公告)号：US4603116A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-29
申请号：US781314
申请日：1985-09-27
IPC分类号： C04B35/584 , C04B35/58
CPC分类号： C04B35/584
摘要： A method of preparing fully dense silicon nitride based ceramic articles comprises the steps of blending a metal oxide component and silicon nitride, wherein a portion of the silicon nitride comprises acicular crystals; comminuting the powder mixture to reduce the aspect ratio of the acicular crystals to an average of less than about 3; pressing the comminuted powder to form a compact; and pressureless sintering the compact to a fully dense ceramic body. Powder mixtures and powder compacts for forming fully dense silicon nitride based ceramic bodies are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 一种制备完全致密的氮化硅基陶瓷制品的方法包括以下步骤：混合金属氧化物组分和氮化硅，其中一部分氮化硅包括针状结晶; 将粉末混合物粉碎以将针状晶体的长宽比平均降低至约3; 挤压粉碎成粉末; 并将压块无压烧结成完全致密的陶瓷体。 还公开了用于形成完全致密的氮化硅基陶瓷体的粉末混合物和粉末压块。
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公开(公告)号：US5271758A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-21
申请号：US701302
申请日：1991-05-13
IPC分类号： C04B35/117 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/74 , C22C29/12
CPC分类号： C04B35/117 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/74 , C22C29/12 , Y10S75/95
摘要： A dense cermet article including about 44-93% of a granular first hard phase, about 4-44% of a granular second hard phase, and about 2-20% of a metal phase, all expressed in % by volume. The first hard phase consists essentially of alumina and from 0% to less than 5% of one or more oxides selected from magnesia, zirconia, yttria, hafnia, and silica. The second hard phase consists essentially of a hard refractory carbide, nitride, or boride, or mixture or solid solution thereof. Preferred materials for inclusion in the second hard phase are titanium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, tantalum nitride, tungsten carbide, titanium diboride, and boron carbide. The metal phase consists essentially of a combination of nickel and aluminum having a ratio of nickel to aluminum of from about 85:15 to about 88:12, and 0-5% of an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, boron, and/or carbon. The preferred metal phase is substantially of the Ni.sub.3 Al ordered crystal structure.
摘要翻译： 包括约44-93％的颗粒状第一硬质相，约4-44％的颗粒状第二硬质相和约2-20％的金属相的致密金属陶瓷制品，均以体积％表示。 第一硬相主要由氧化铝和0％至小于5％的一种或多种选自氧化镁，氧化锆，氧化钇，铪和二氧化硅的氧化物组成。 第二硬质相基本上由难熔碳化物，氮化物或硼化物，或其混合物或固溶体组成。 用于包含在第二硬质相中的优选材料是碳化钛，碳化铪，碳化钽，氮化钽，碳化钨，二硼化钛和碳化硼。 金属相主要由镍和铝的组合组成，镍与铝的比率为约85:15至约88:12，以及0-5％的选自钛，锆，铪的添加剂 ，钒，铌，钽，铬，钼，钴，硼和/或碳。 优选的金属相基本上是Ni 3 Al有序晶体结构。
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公开(公告)号：US4698266A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-06
申请号：US799088
申请日：1985-11-18
CPC分类号： C22C29/08 , B23B27/148 , C23C28/04 , C23C30/005 , B22F2998/00 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： A steel roughing grade coated cemented carbide cutting tool comprises WC grains equal to or less than 70 w/o of the tool substrate, from about 5 to about 10 w/o of a cobalt bonding phase and the remainder being metal carbide grains selected from the group TiC, TaC, NbC, HfC and combinations thereof. The average WC grain size is from about 0.9 to about 1.3 microns and less than 10% of the WC grains have a size less than 0.5 microns. The coated cemented carbide tool is coated with an adherent refractory coating layer. The coated cemented carbide cutting tool can be used to machine steel at rough and heavy rough cutting conditions.
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