公开(公告)号：US20120252003A1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-04

申请号：US13075250

申请日：2011-03-30

申请人： Gabor Schmera ,  Laszlo Kish

发明人： Gabor Schmera ,  Laszlo Kish

IPC分类号： C12Q1/70 ,  C12M1/42

CPC分类号： G01N33/48735

摘要： Methods for detection and identification of bacteria within a sample include the step of inserting a pair of electrodes into the sample. A first impedance across the electrodes is established with a first AC voltage source having a first frequency. A phage is introduced into the sample, and impedance fluctuations that are caused by ion release by the bacteria due to the phage introduction are measured. The use of impedance fluctuations instead of voltage fluctuations to detect and identify bacteria minimizes 1/f noise effects and increases system sensitivity. To further increase system sensitivity by eliminating thermal noise, a second impedance across the electrodes can be established using a second AC voltage source at a second frequency. Second impedance fluctuations are cross-correlated to the first impedance fluctuations, and the cross-correlation results are analyzed to determine whether or not bacteria are present in the sample based on phage electrical activity.

摘要翻译： 用于检测和鉴定样品中的细菌的方法包括将一对电极插入样品中的步骤。 利用具有第一频率的第一AC电压源建立电极两端的第一阻抗。 样品中引入了噬菌体，测量了由于引入噬菌体而导致细菌离子释放引起的阻抗波动。 使用阻抗波动代替电压波动来检测和识别细菌可以最大限度地降低1 / f噪声影响并提高系统灵敏度。 为了通过消除热噪声来进一步提高系统灵敏度，可以使用第二频率的第二AC电压源来建立电极两端的第二阻抗。 第二阻抗波动与第一阻抗波动相互关联，并且分析互相关结果以基于噬菌体电活动来确定样品中是否存在细菌。

公开(公告)号：US09645101B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-09

申请号：US13936631

申请日：2013-07-08

申请人： Gabor Schmera ,  Laszlo Kish

发明人： Gabor Schmera ,  Laszlo Kish

IPC分类号： G01N27/02 ,  G01N33/569 ,  G01N33/487

CPC分类号： G01N27/021 ,  G01N33/48735 ,  G01N33/56911

摘要： Methods for detection and identification of bacteria within a sample include the step of inserting a pair of electrodes into the sample. A first impedance across the electrodes is established with a first AC voltage source having a first frequency. A phage is introduced into the sample, and impedance fluctuations that are caused by ion release by the bacteria due to the phage introduction are measured. The use of impedance fluctuations instead of voltage fluctuations to detect and identify bacteria minimizes 1/f noise effects and increases system sensitivity. To further increase system sensitivity by eliminating thermal noise, a second impedance across the electrodes can be established using a second AC voltage source at a second frequency. Second impedance fluctuations are cross-correlated to the first impedance fluctuations, and the cross-correlation results are analyzed to determine whether or not bacteria are present in the sample based on phage electrical activity.

公开(公告)号：US20130295556A1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-07

申请号：US13936631

申请日：2013-07-08

申请人： Gabor Schmera ,  Laszlo Kish

发明人： Gabor Schmera ,  Laszlo Kish

IPC分类号： G01N27/02

CPC分类号： G01N27/021 ,  G01N33/48735 ,  G01N33/56911

摘要： Methods for detection and identification of bacteria within a sample include the step of inserting a pair of electrodes into the sample. A first impedance across the electrodes is established with a first AC voltage source having a first frequency. A phage is introduced into the sample, and impedance fluctuations that are caused by ion release by the bacteria due to the phage introduction are measured. The use of impedance fluctuations instead of voltage fluctuations to detect and identify bacteria minimizes 1/f noise effects and increases system sensitivity. To further increase system sensitivity by eliminating thermal noise, a second impedance across the electrodes can be established using a second AC voltage source at a second frequency. Second impedance fluctuations are cross-correlated to the first impedance fluctuations, and the cross-correlation results are analyzed to determine whether or not bacteria are present in the sample based on phage electrical activity.

摘要翻译： 用于检测和鉴定样品中的细菌的方法包括将一对电极插入样品中的步骤。 利用具有第一频率的第一AC电压源建立电极两端的第一阻抗。 样品中引入了噬菌体，测量了由于引入噬菌体而导致细菌离子释放引起的阻抗波动。 使用阻抗波动代替电压波动来检测和识别细菌可以最大限度地降低1 / f噪声影响并提高系统灵敏度。 为了通过消除热噪声来进一步提高系统灵敏度，可以使用第二频率的第二AC电压源来建立电极两端的第二阻抗。 第二阻抗波动与第一阻抗波动相互关联，并且分析互相关结果以基于噬菌体电活动来确定样品中是否存在细菌。

公开(公告)号：US6020782A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-01

申请号：US893907

申请日：1997-07-11

申请人： Terence R. Albert ,  Adi R. Bulsara ,  Gabor Schmera ,  Mario Inchiosa

发明人： Terence R. Albert ,  Adi R. Bulsara ,  Gabor Schmera ,  Mario Inchiosa

IPC分类号： G06N7/08 ,  H03K5/00

CPC分类号： G06N7/08

摘要： A signal processor utilizes a globally nonlinearly coupled array of nonlinear dynamic elements. In one embodiment of the invention, these elements take the form of bistable overdamped oscillators. The processor exploits the phenomenon of stochastic resonance to amplify a weak periodic signal embedded in noise. In this signal processor, a system or plurality of nonlinearly coupled overdamped oscillators is subject to a weak periodic signal embedded in a noise background. For communication or detection applications, this weak signal component is the signal of interest. A reference oscillator is chosen from the plurality of overdamped oscillators, and is given a time scale for relaxation that is longer than the remaining oscillators. The output of the reference oscillator is analyzed for signal processing purposes in response to the signal and noise. A detailed numerical analysis of the full dynamics of the bistable element represented by the reference oscillator has shown that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the entire processor system reaches a maximum at a critical noise variance value. By using a number of overdamped oscillators working together, an enhancement of SNR can be achieved over that of the use of a single oscillator.

摘要翻译： 信号处理器利用非线性动态元件的全局非线性耦合阵列。 在本发明的一个实施例中，这些元件采用双稳态过阻尼振荡器的形式。 处理器利用随机共振现象来放大嵌入在噪声中的弱周期信号。 在该信号处理器中，系统或多个非线性耦合的过阻尼振荡器经受嵌入在噪声背景中的弱周期信号。 对于通信或检测应用，该弱信号分量是感兴趣的信号。 从多个过阻尼振荡器中选择参考振荡器，并给出比其余振荡器长的用于弛豫的时标。 分析参考振荡器的输出以响应于信号和噪声的信号处理目的。 由参考振荡器表示的双稳态元件的完整动力学的详细数值分析表明，整个处理器系统的信噪比（SNR）在临界噪声方差值下达到最大值。 通过使用多个过阻尼振荡器一起工作，可以实现比使用单个振荡器更高的SNR。

公开(公告)号：US07524460B1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-28

申请号：US10789510

申请日：2004-02-27

申请人： Gabor Schmera ,  Laszlo B. Kish

发明人： Gabor Schmera ,  Laszlo B. Kish

IPC分类号： G01N7/00 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N29/02 ,  G01N25/18

CPC分类号： G01N29/022 ,  G01N29/42 ,  G01N29/4481 ,  G01N2291/014 ,  G01N2291/0215 ,  G01N2291/0255 ,  G01N2291/0256 ,  G01N2291/02818 ,  G01N2291/0423 ,  Y10T436/11

摘要： A System and Method of Molecule Counting Using Fluctuation Enhanced Sensors includes processes for improved chemical analyte detection and quantification through the measurement and generation of an amplitude density histogram of the measured time series of frequency fluctuations in the instantaneous frequency of a chemical sensor arranged to produce an oscillatory output signal when exposed to chemical substances. The system and method may use a chemical sensor, such as a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. Statistical analysis produces the amplitude density of the frequency fluctuations, which are represented as a pattern that includes information about the quantity of the analyte on the surface of the sensor. Patterns in the measured amplitude density are then correlated to theoretical amplitude density functions in order to determine the number of analyte molecules on the surface of the sensor.

摘要翻译： 使用波动的分子计数的系统和方法增强传感器包括通过测量和产生测量的时间序列的测量时间序列的化学分析物检测和量化的过程，该时间序列的频率波动在布置成产生 振荡输出信号暴露于化学物质时。 该系统和方法可以使用化学传感器，例如表面声波（SAW）装置。 统计分析产生频率波动的幅度密度，其表示为包括关于传感器表面上的分析物的量的信息的模式。 然后将测量的振幅密度中的模式与理论振幅密度函数相关，以确定传感器表面上的分析物分子的数量。

公开(公告)号：US07680607B1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-16

申请号：US11134597

申请日：2005-05-12

申请人： Janusz Smulko ,  Laszlo B. Kish ,  Gabor Schmera

发明人： Janusz Smulko ,  Laszlo B. Kish ,  Gabor Schmera

IPC分类号： G01N31/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/122

摘要： A System and Method for Gas Recognition by Analysis of Bispectrum Functions is based on the Higher-Order Spectral analysis of time series measurements of resistance fluctuations in Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, such as Taguchi-type sensors. A two-dimensional contour plot module of the bispectrum function is treated as a pattern. These patterns include information about the analyte(s) whereby characteristics of the gas can be identified.

摘要翻译： 通过分析双谱函数进行气体识别的系统和方法是基于金属氧化物半导体（MOS）气体传感器如田口型传感器的电阻波动的时间序列测量的高阶光谱分析。 双谱功能的二维轮廓图模块被视为一种模式。 这些模式包括关于分析物的信息，从而可以识别气体的特征。

公开(公告)号：US07286942B1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-23

申请号：US10677684

申请日：2003-10-02

申请人： Laszlo B. Kish ,  Gabor Schmera

发明人： Laszlo B. Kish ,  Gabor Schmera

IPC分类号： G01N31/00 ,  G01N19/00 ,  B32B5/02 ,  B32B27/04 ,  B32B27/12

CPC分类号： G01N29/022 ,  G01N29/036 ,  G01N29/42 ,  G01N29/46 ,  G01N2291/0215 ,  G01N2291/0255 ,  G01N2291/0256 ,  G01N2291/02818 ,  G01N2291/0423 ,  Y10T436/11

摘要： A system and method of fluctuation enhanced gas-sensing using SAW devices includes processes for improved chemical analyte detection, identification, and quantification through the measurement and spectral analysis of frequency fluctuations in the instantaneous frequency of a chemical sensor arranged to produce an oscillatory output signal when exposed to chemical substances. The system and method may use a chemical sensor, such as a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. The spectral analysis produces the power spectral density of the frequency fluctuations, which are represented as a pattern that includes information about the analyte(s) such as, total adsorbed gas mass and diffusion coefficients. The diffusion coefficients may then be used to determine the number of molecule types and/or the concentration of each.

摘要翻译： 使用SAW器件的波动增强气体感测的系统和方法包括通过布置成产生振荡输出信号的化学传感器的瞬时频率的频率波动的测量和频谱分析来改进化学分析物检测，识别和定量的过程， 暴露于化学物质。 该系统和方法可以使用化学传感器，例如表面声波（SAW）装置。 频谱分析产生频率波动的功率谱密度，其表示为包括关于分析物的信息的模式，例如总吸附气体质量和扩散系数。 然后可以使用扩散系数来确定分子类型的数量和/或各自的浓度。