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1.发明授权Optical fiber gratings having internal gap cladding for reduced short wavelength cladding mode loss 失效具有内部间隙包层的光纤光栅，用于减少短波长包层模式损耗公开(公告)号：US06415079B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09519382
申请日：2000-03-03
申请人： Geoffrey L. Burdge , Benjamin J. Eggleton , Thomas A. Strasser , Paul S. Westbrook , Robert S. Windeler
发明人： Geoffrey L. Burdge , Benjamin J. Eggleton , Thomas A. Strasser , Paul S. Westbrook , Robert S. Windeler
IPC分类号： G02B634
CPC分类号： G02B6/02366 , C03B37/0122 , C03B2203/10 , C03B2203/14 , G02B6/021 , G02B6/02371 , G02B6/29317 , G02B6/29394
摘要： The present invention is predicated on applicants' discovery that an appropriately spaced and dimensioned internal gap cladding can substantially reduce short wavelength cladding mode loss in a fiber Bragg grating. A fiber Bragg grating is provided with a ring of closely spaced, longitudinally extending gap regions in the glass peripherally surrounding the core. The gaps are spaced apart by thin glass webs having a thickness less than a wavelength of the light being transmitted and are disposed peripherally about the core at a distance of 2-10 wavelengths from the core center. The thin webs limit the passage of the light between the gaps. The combination of webs and gaps acts as an internal thin cladding which supports fewer cladding modes than conventional glass cladding and, significantly, provides increased wavelength spacing between the Bragg resonance and the first cladding mode resonance.
摘要翻译： 本发明基于申请人的发现，适当间隔和尺寸尺寸的内部间隙包层可以显着地减少光纤布拉格光栅中的短波长包层模式损耗。 光纤布拉格光栅在玻璃周围包围核心处设置有紧密间隔开的纵向延伸的间隙区域的环。 间隙被薄玻璃纤维网间隔开，薄板玻璃纤维网的厚度小于正在透射的光的波长，并且围绕芯离心设置在与核心中心相距2-10个波长的位置。 薄腹板限制了间隙之间的光通过。 腹板和间隙的组合用作内部薄包层，其支撑比常规玻璃包层更少的包层模式，并且显着地在布拉格共振和第一包层模式共振之间提供增加的波长间隔。
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公开(公告)号：US06885792B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-26
申请号：US10253445
申请日：2002-09-24
CPC分类号： G02B6/124
摘要： The specification describes a wavelength monitoring system for multiple wavelength communications systems, such as WDM systems, based on the recognition that the mechanism for spatially separating the individual wavelength bands can be achieved within the optical fiber itself. Individual wavelength bands are separated using a series of discrete gratings spaced longitudinally along the fiber core. The wavelength bands are extracted from the fiber core by converting the energy in the selected band from a core-guided mode to a radiation mode. By using a tilted grating, the light in the radiation mode is directed through the cladding and out of the fiber. Spatial resolution of the selected bands can be any desired physical length. An important implication of this is that detection can be made in the near field using inexpensive detecting apparatus. Near field is defined for convenience in this case as the optical field of the radiated energy without any optically modifying elements (collimating devices, diffraction elements, mirrors, etc.). This eliminates nearly all of the optics, and the attendant expense, in prior art monitoring systems.
摘要翻译： 该规范描述了用于多波长通信系统（例如WDM系统）的波长监测系统，其基于在光纤本身内可以实现用于空间分离各个波长带的机制的认识。 使用沿纤维芯纵向间隔开的一系列离散光栅来分离各个波段。 通过将所选频带中的能量从芯引导模式转换为辐射模式，从光纤芯提取波长带。 通过使用倾斜光栅，辐射模式中的光被引导穿过包层并离开光纤。 所选频带的空间分辨率可以是任何所需的物理长度。 其重要的意义在于，可以使用廉价的检测装置在近场进行检测。 在这种情况下，为了方便起见，近场被定义为没有任何光学修饰元件（准直装置，衍射元件，反射镜等）的辐射能量的光场。 这消除了现有技术监控系统中几乎所有的光学元件以及伴随的费用。
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公开(公告)号：US07139478B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-21
申请号：US10275134
申请日：2002-03-13
申请人： Benjamin J. Eggleton , Tsing Hua Her , Stefan Hunsche , Gregory Raybon , John A. Rogers , Paul S. Westbrook
发明人： Benjamin J. Eggleton , Tsing Hua Her , Stefan Hunsche , Gregory Raybon , John A. Rogers , Paul S. Westbrook
IPC分类号： H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/2569 , H04B10/077 , H04B10/07955 , H04B10/299
摘要： Embodiments of the invention include system for monitoring the effectiveness of pulse shaping in a nonlinear optical fiber (40). The spectral content of the pulse, after passing through the nonlinear fiber (40), provides an indication of how effectively the pulse was regenerated. A portion of the pulse exiting the nonlinear fiber is tapped off and its pulse energy is measured in at least one selected spectral region. The selected spectral region is one in which the pulse tends to gain energy when effective regeneration is taking place. The information concerning the effectiveness of pulse shaping in a nonlinear optical fiber is fed back to dynamically change the residual dispersion at the regenerator input. The spectral measurement leads to a control signal (48) to indicate a level of performance of the system, or to improve the performance of the system by adjusting an operational parameter.
摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例包括用于监测非线性光纤（40）中的脉冲整形有效性的系统。 通过非线性光纤（40）后脉冲的光谱含量提供脉冲再生的有效指示。 离开非线性光纤的脉冲的一部分被分离，并且其脉冲能量在至少一个选定的光谱区域中被测量。 所选择的光谱区域是当发生有效再生时脉冲倾向于获得能量的光谱区域。 关于非线性光纤中的脉冲整形的有效性的信息被反馈以动态地改变再生器输入端的残余色散。 频谱测量导致控制信号（48）以指示系统的性能水平，或通过调整操作参数来提高系统的性能。
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公开(公告)号：US07081323B2
公开(公告)日：2006-07-25
申请号：US10701585
申请日：2003-11-05
IPC分类号： G01F9/00
CPC分类号： G03F7/001 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/02138 , G03F1/34
摘要： In accordance with the invention, the fabrication of a grating phase mask is improved by providing a multiple-scan exposure which can provide an accumulated exposure that is effectively phase modulated or modulated rapidly in amplitude. Applicants have determined that exposure scans can be chosen so that each is modulated in amplitude and without modulation in phase, but the accumulated exposure of the multiple scans is modulated in phase and/or modulated in amplitude. The improved method can be used to make phase masks for fabrication of sophisticated fiber gratings such as superstructure gratings.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，通过提供多次扫描曝光来提高光栅相位掩模的制造，该多次扫描曝光可以提供在幅度上快速有效相位调制或调制的累积曝光。 申请人已经确定可以选择曝光扫描，使得每个都以幅度调制并且不进行相位调制，但是多个扫描的累积曝光被相位调制和/或以幅度调制。 改进的方法可用于制造用于制造诸如上层结构光栅的复杂光纤光栅的相位掩模。
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公开(公告)号：US06753118B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-22
申请号：US10109411
申请日：2002-03-27
申请人： Rajan D. Deshmukh , Benjamin J. Eggleton , Pavel Ivanoff Reyes , Carl Soccolich , Michael Sumetsky , Paul S. Westbrook
发明人： Rajan D. Deshmukh , Benjamin J. Eggleton , Pavel Ivanoff Reyes , Carl Soccolich , Michael Sumetsky , Paul S. Westbrook
IPC分类号： G03F720
CPC分类号： G03F7/001 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/02123 , G02B6/02138
摘要： A grating fabrication process utilizes real-time measurement of a grating characteristic (such as, for example, grating period chirp, reflectivity, group delay) as a feedback error signal to modify the writing process and improve the characteristics of the finished grating. A test beam is launched through the optical medium during the writing process (or at the end of an initial writing process) and a particular characteristic is measured and used to generate a “corrective” apodization refractive index profile that can be incorporated with the grating to improve its characteristics. The improvements may be applied to a phase (or amplitude) mask used to write the grating (etching, local deformation, coating changes, for example), or the grating itself may be corrected using additional UV exposure, non-uniform annealing, non-uniform heating, and/or non-uniform tension—these techniques applied separately or in an intermittent sequence. The utilization of a “closed loop” grating fabrication process provides the ability to form gratings with finely tuned characteristics.
摘要翻译： 光栅制造工艺利用光栅特性（例如，光栅周期啁啾，反射率，群延迟）的实时测量作为反馈误差信号来修改写入过程并改善成品光栅的特性。 在写入过程中（或在初始写入过程结束时），通过光学介质发射测试光束，并且测量特定特性并且用于产生可以与光栅结合的“校正”变迹折射率分布 提高其特点。 该改进可以应用于用于写入光栅的相位（或幅度）掩模（蚀刻，局部变形，例如涂层变化），或者光栅本身可以使用额外的UV曝光，非均匀退火， 均匀加热和/或不均匀的张力 - 这些技术单独应用或以间歇方式应用。 利用“闭环”光栅制造工艺提供了形成具有精细调谐特性的光栅的能力。
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6.发明授权Raman distributed feedback fiber laser and high power laser system using the same 有权拉曼分布反馈光纤激光器和大功率激光系统使用相同公开(公告)号：US09325152B2
公开(公告)日：2016-04-26
申请号：US14113524
申请日：2012-04-25
CPC分类号： H01S3/302 , H01S3/0014 , H01S3/06712 , H01S3/0675 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/08022 , H01S3/0826 , H01S3/094003 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/094046 , H01S3/1086
摘要： A Raman distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser is disclosed. It includes a pump source and a Raman gain fiber of a length smaller than 20 cm containing a distributed feedback (DFB) grating with a discrete phase structure located within no more than 10% off the center of the grating and wherein the Raman DFB fiber laser generates a laser signal with an optical spectrum, which has an optical bandwidth at half maximum optical intensity of less than 1 gigahertz (GHz) (wherein a maximum intensity frequency is different from the frequency of the pump laser). The Raman laser includes compensation for the nonlinear phase change due to Kerr effect and thermal effect resulting from absorption of the optical field, thus enhancing the conversion efficiency.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种拉曼分布反馈（DFB）光纤激光器。 它包括长度小于20厘米的泵浦源和拉曼增益光纤，其包含分布反馈（DFB）光栅，离散相位结构位于离光栅中心不超过10％的范围内，其中拉曼DFB光纤激光器 产生具有小于1千兆赫兹（GHz）的最大光强度的光学带宽（其中最大强度频率与泵浦激光器的频率不同）的光谱的激光信号。 拉曼激光器包括由于克尔效应引起的非线性相位变化和由光场吸收产生的热效应的补偿，从而提高转换效率。
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公开(公告)号：US08270786B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-18
申请号：US12313580
申请日：2008-11-21
申请人： Paul S. Westbrook
发明人： Paul S. Westbrook
IPC分类号： G02B6/34
CPC分类号： G02B6/02095 , G02B6/02066 , G02B6/14
摘要： Described are optical devices and related methods wherein a multiple mode input in a Higher Order Mode (an HOM) optical fiber is converted by a complex mode transformer to produce a fundamental mode output in an optical medium with an E-field that is substantially different than that exiting the HOM optical fiber. The medium is preferably a Large Mode Area (LMA) optical fiber, or free space. The mode transformer may be a series of refractive index perturbations created either by photo-induced gratings or by gratings formed by physical deformations of the optical fiber.
摘要翻译： 描述的是光学器件和相关方法，其中高阶模式（HOM）光纤中的多模式输入由复模变换器转换，以在光学介质中产生基本模式输出，其中E场大体上不同于 退出HOM光纤。 该介质优选地是大模式区域（LMA）光纤或自由空间。 模式变压器可以是通过光诱导光栅或由光纤的物理变形形成的光栅产生的一系列折射率扰动。
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8.发明授权Optical continuum source including light generation beyond wavelength edges of continuum 有权光连续谱源包括连续谱波长边缘以外的光生成公开(公告)号：US07535934B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-19
申请号：US11728226
申请日：2007-03-23
IPC分类号： H01S3/30
CPC分类号： G02F1/365 , G02F1/3544 , G02F2001/3528 , G02F2201/307
摘要： An optical continuum source is formed that is used to generate both a continuum and one or more light peaks outside the bandwidth of the continuum. In particular, one or more fiber Bragg gratings exhibiting a resonant wavelength less than the short wavelength edge (or greater than the long wavelength edge) of a predetermined continuum are inscribed into a section of highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) and used to generate the additional light peaks. Gratings may also be formed for areas along the fiber where the continuum spectral power density is essentially “zero”. It has been discovered that the use of a Bragg grating generates phase matching with the propagating optical signal, thus resulting in the creation of the additional peaks.
摘要翻译： 形成光连续谱源，其用于在连续体的带宽之外产生连续谱和一个或多个光峰。 特别地，表现出小于预定连续体的短波长边缘（或大于长波长边缘）的谐振波长的一个或多个光纤布拉格光栅被刻印到高度非线性光纤（HNLF）的一部分中，并用于产生附加的 光峰。 也可以沿着光纤的区域形成光栅，其中连续谱光谱功率密度基本为“零”。 已经发现，使用布拉格光栅产生与传播的光信号的相位匹配，从而导致额外的峰的产生。
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公开(公告)号：US20080225382A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-18
申请号：US11724630
申请日：2007-03-15
IPC分类号： G02F1/35
CPC分类号： G02F1/353 , G02F2001/3528 , G02F2202/32
摘要： In accordance with the present invention, a bulk optic material (for example, silica) is processed to form a spatially microstructured element, such as a photonic bandgap (PBG) structure. An ultra-short laser pulse source is used as an input signal that is applied to the bulk optic PBG structure to generate an enhanced continuum output. The PBG structure may comprise any type of one-, two- or three-dimensional grating structure, where the selected structure will dictate the type(s) of enhancement(s) that are present in the generated continuum—generally in the form of a broadened continuum and/or the inclusion of one or peaks in the continuum. The use of a relatively small-dimensioned bulk material allows for the continuum to be generated without the need for any type of optical confinement (waveguide). In one embodiment, the bulk PBG structure may be is subjected to one or more additional processes (such as UV exposure, electromagnetic field application, etc.) to modify the nonlinearity of the bulk optic material, in one case resulting in the reduction of the inherent chromatic dispersion and enhancement of the generated continuum.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，处理体光学材料（例如，二氧化硅）以形成诸如光子带隙（PBG）结构的空间微结构元件。 使用超短激光脉冲源作为施加到体光纤PBG结构以产生增强的连续谱输出的输入信号。 PBG结构可以包括任何类型的一维，二维或三维光栅结构，其中所选择的结构将决定生成的连续体中存在的增强的类型，通常以 扩展连续体和/或在连续体中包含一个或多个峰。 使用相对小尺寸的散装材料允许生成连续体，而不需要任何类型的光学限制（波导）。 在一个实施例中，本体PBG结构可以经受一个或多个附加工艺（例如UV曝光，电磁场施加等）以修改散装光学材料的非线性，在一种情况下导致 固有的色散和生成的连续谱的增强。
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公开(公告)号：US09544051B2
公开(公告)日：2017-01-10
申请号：US14115822
申请日：2012-05-07
IPC分类号： H04B10/08 , H04B10/079 , H04B10/077
CPC分类号： H04B10/07951 , H04B10/0775 , H04B2210/07
摘要： A method and system for measuring chromatic dispersion, experienced by ASK/PSK modulated optical signals, are provided. Dispersion measurement is enabled either by encoding an additional overhead at lower baud rate or by monitoring signal SOP or RF spectrum of signal SOP. The bulk chromatic dispersion of the link is measured by analyzing the dispersion broadening of the overhead constellation or signal temporal diagram, or time-overlapped signal diagram, or overhead spectrum. This information is used to reduce the computation time required for electronic recovery of a highly dispersed signal.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于测量由ASK / PSK调制的光信号所经历的色散的方法和系统。 通过以较低波特率编码附加开销或通过监视信号SOP的信号SOP或RF频谱来启用色散测量。 通过分析开销星座或信号时间图或时间重叠信号图或架空频谱的色散扩展来测量链路的体色散。 该信息用于减少电子恢复高分散信号所需的计算时间。
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