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1.发明授权Optical fiber gratings having internal gap cladding for reduced short wavelength cladding mode loss 失效具有内部间隙包层的光纤光栅，用于减少短波长包层模式损耗公开(公告)号：US06415079B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09519382
申请日：2000-03-03
申请人： Geoffrey L. Burdge , Benjamin J. Eggleton , Thomas A. Strasser , Paul S. Westbrook , Robert S. Windeler
发明人： Geoffrey L. Burdge , Benjamin J. Eggleton , Thomas A. Strasser , Paul S. Westbrook , Robert S. Windeler
IPC分类号： G02B634
CPC分类号： G02B6/02366 , C03B37/0122 , C03B2203/10 , C03B2203/14 , G02B6/021 , G02B6/02371 , G02B6/29317 , G02B6/29394
摘要： The present invention is predicated on applicants' discovery that an appropriately spaced and dimensioned internal gap cladding can substantially reduce short wavelength cladding mode loss in a fiber Bragg grating. A fiber Bragg grating is provided with a ring of closely spaced, longitudinally extending gap regions in the glass peripherally surrounding the core. The gaps are spaced apart by thin glass webs having a thickness less than a wavelength of the light being transmitted and are disposed peripherally about the core at a distance of 2-10 wavelengths from the core center. The thin webs limit the passage of the light between the gaps. The combination of webs and gaps acts as an internal thin cladding which supports fewer cladding modes than conventional glass cladding and, significantly, provides increased wavelength spacing between the Bragg resonance and the first cladding mode resonance.
摘要翻译： 本发明基于申请人的发现，适当间隔和尺寸尺寸的内部间隙包层可以显着地减少光纤布拉格光栅中的短波长包层模式损耗。 光纤布拉格光栅在玻璃周围包围核心处设置有紧密间隔开的纵向延伸的间隙区域的环。 间隙被薄玻璃纤维网间隔开，薄板玻璃纤维网的厚度小于正在透射的光的波长，并且围绕芯离心设置在与核心中心相距2-10个波长的位置。 薄腹板限制了间隙之间的光通过。 腹板和间隙的组合用作内部薄包层，其支撑比常规玻璃包层更少的包层模式，并且显着地在布拉格共振和第一包层模式共振之间提供增加的波长间隔。
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2.发明授权Method for making optical fiber devices having variable thickness metal coatings 有权制造具有可变厚度金属涂层的光纤装置的方法公开(公告)号：US06303182B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-16
申请号：US09252704
申请日：1999-02-18
IPC分类号： C03C2522
CPC分类号： G02B6/02204 , C03C25/1063 , C03C25/22 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/02104 , G02B6/02123
摘要： In accordance with the invention, an optical fiber is provided with a metal coating of controlled variable thickness by the steps of disposing the fiber in position for receiving coating metal from a metal source, and depositing metal while moving a shadow mask between the fiber and the source to provide patterning of deposited metal. Advantageously, the mask is translated at a constant velocity perpendicular to the fiber. The method is particularly useful for the fabrication of adjustable Bragg gratings.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，光纤通过以下步骤设置有可控的可变厚度的金属涂层：将纤维布置在适当位置以从金属源接收涂层金属，并且在光纤和 源提供沉积金属的图案化。 有利地，掩模以垂直于纤维的恒定速度平移。 该方法对于制造可调布拉格光栅特别有用。
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3.发明授权Hybrid thin film optical waveguide structure having a grating coupler and a tapered waveguide film 失效具有光栅耦合器和锥形波导膜的混合薄膜光波导结构
公开(公告)号：US5208882A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-04
申请号：US791830
申请日：1991-11-14
申请人： Thomas A. Strasser , Wei Y. Hsu , Mool C. Gupta
发明人： Thomas A. Strasser , Wei Y. Hsu , Mool C. Gupta
摘要： A hybrid, thin-film, optical waveguide structure has a substrate with a grating coupler formed thereon. A thin-film waveguide film is formed on the substrate and has a tapered portion overlaying the grating.
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公开(公告)号：US5805621A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-08
申请号：US747946
申请日：1996-11-12
申请人： Stephen Gregory Grubb , Clifford Headley , Martin Heinrich Muendel , Janet Renee Pedrazzani , Bennett H. Rockney , Thomas A. Strasser
发明人： Stephen Gregory Grubb , Clifford Headley , Martin Heinrich Muendel , Janet Renee Pedrazzani , Bennett H. Rockney , Thomas A. Strasser
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , H01S3/08022
摘要： Applicants have discovered that the intermodal beat noise of a fiber multimode laser can be substantially reduced by providing the fiber with an output coupler of broadened bandwidth. In a preferred embodiment, a reduced-noise, high power light source comprises a cladding pumped fiber laser having a chirped output grating. Experiments show that increasing the output bandwidth from 0.254 to 0.577 nm reduces the relative intensity-to-noise ratio 10 dB in a Nd-doped fiber laser. Increasing the bandwidth from 0.2 nm to 0.3 nm in a Yb-doped laser similarly reduces the noise by 12 dB.
摘要翻译： 申请人已经发现，通过为光纤提供带宽增加的输出耦合器，可以显着地减少光纤多模激光器的联运节拍噪声。 在优选实施例中，降噪噪声大功率光源包括具有啁啾输出光栅的包层泵浦光纤激光器。 实验表明，增加输出带宽从0.254到0.577纳米的Nd掺杂光纤激光器的相对强度 - 噪声比降低了10 dB。 在Yb掺杂激光器中将带宽从0.2 nm增加到0.3 nm同样可以将噪声降低12 dB。
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公开(公告)号：US5781677A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-14
申请号：US791081
申请日：1997-01-29
CPC分类号： G02B6/2932 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/29322 , G02B6/29383 , G02F1/0134 , G02F2201/307
摘要： In accordance with the invention, a tunable fiber grating comprises a fiber grating secured between a pair of magnets so that magnetic force (repulsive or attractive) applied to the magnets is transmitted to the grating. An electromagnet is disposed adjacent the magnets for applying the field to magnetize them. Control of the current applied to the electromagnet permits control of the force transmitted to the fiber grating and, thus, control of the grating strain, spacing and reflection frequency. In a preferred embodiment the electromagnet is actuated to produce magnetic pulses which control the remanent force between the two magnets, eliminating the need for continuous power. An add/drop multiplexer employing the tunable gratings is described.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，可调谐光纤光栅包括固定在一对磁体之间的光纤光栅，使得施加到磁体的磁力（排斥或吸引力）传输到光栅。 电磁体设置在磁体附近以施加磁场以磁化它们。 控制施加到电磁体的电流允许控制传递到光纤光栅的力，并且因此控制光栅应变，间隔和反射频率。 在优选实施例中，电磁体被致动以产生控制两个磁体之间的剩余力的磁脉冲，消除了对连续功率的需要。 描述了采用可调谐光栅的分插复用器。
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6.发明授权Article comprising a planar optical waveguide mach-zehnder interferometer device, and method of making same 失效包括平面光波导马赫 - 泽德干涉仪装置的制品及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5636309A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-03
申请号：US604629
申请日：1996-02-21
CPC分类号： G02B6/2938 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/124 , G02B6/29353 , G02B6/29355
摘要： The disclosed Mach-Zehnder (MZ)-type devices are planar waveguide devices, with interferometer arms of essentially equal length, with a maximum spacing between the arms (e.g., between the waveguide core centers) selected to make possible simultaneous exposure of both arms to refractive index-altering radiation. Exemplarily the maximum spacing is in the range 20-100 .mu.m. The simultaneous exposure of both waveguides makes it possible to form gratings of essential equal strength, such that typically no individual trimming is required. The resulting devices (typically add-drop filters) are substantially less sensitive to environmental changes (e.g., temperature gradients, mechanical vibrations) than prior art fiber-based devices, and are advantageously used in, for instance, WDM optical communication systems.
摘要翻译： 所公开的马赫 - 曾德尔（MZ）型装置是平面波导装置，其干涉仪臂的长度基本相等，臂之间的最大间距（例如，在波导核心中心之间）之间具有最大的间距，以使得可能同时将两个臂暴露于 折射率变化辐射。 示例性地，最大间距在20-100μm的范围内。 两个波导的同时曝光使得可以形成基本相等强度的光栅，使得通常不需要单独的修整。 所得到的装置（通常是分插式滤波器）对现有技术的基于光纤的装置的环境变化（例如，温度梯度，机械振动）来说基本上较不敏感，并且有利地用于例如WDM光通信系统中。
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公开(公告)号：US06002822A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-14
申请号：US88512
申请日：1998-06-01
CPC分类号： G02B6/29323 , G01J3/1895 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/29358 , G02B6/29359 , G02B6/34 , G02B6/4215 , G02B6/4291 , G02B6/02138 , G02B6/4274
摘要： A dispersive optical waveguide tap comprises a blazed refractive index grating in the core of the waveguide, coupling means, focusing means and utilization means. The grating is selected such that guided mode light of predetermined wavelength will, in the absence of the coupling means, be directed into one or more cladding modes of the waveguide. The presence of the coupling means, in optical co-operation with the waveguide, changes the guiding conditions such that the cladding modes are substantially eliminated from a portion of the waveguide that includes the cladding, whereby the grating directs the guided mode light into one or more radiation modes. The blaze angle typically is .ltoreq.15.degree.. The focusing means serve to bring the radiation mode light substantially to a focus in at least one dimension, the focal point (or line) depending on the wavelength of the light. The utilization means exemplarily comprise an array of photodetectors, and the coupling means exemplarily comprise an appropriately shaped glass member and index matching means. Dispersive waveguide taps are advantageously used in WDM optical communication systems, e.g., to provide status information (e.g., channel wavelength, channel power, including presence or absence of a channel) to, e.g., a system maintenance unit. The status information facilitates maintenance of operating conditions by conventional feedback control. Any optical element that can bring the tapped radiation to a focus on the utilization means can serve as a focusing element. Exemplary focusing elements are optical lenses (cylindrical or non-cylindrical), diffraction gratings, volume gratings (holograms), and combinations thereof.
摘要翻译： 分散光波导抽头包括波导芯体中的闪耀折射率光栅，耦合装置，聚焦装置和利用装置。 选择光栅使得在没有耦合装置的情况下，预定波长的导模光将被引导到波导的一个或多个包层模式。 耦合装置在与波导的光学协作中的存在改变了引导条件，使得包层模式基本上从包括包层的波导的一部分消除，由此光栅将引导模式的光引导到一个或 更多的辐射模式。 火焰角通常为
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公开(公告)号：US5850302A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-15
申请号：US978352
申请日：1997-11-25
CPC分类号： G02B6/29323 , G01J3/1895 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/29358 , G02B6/29359 , G02B6/34 , G02B6/4215 , G02B6/4291 , G02B6/02138 , G02B6/4274
摘要： A dispersive optical waveguide tap comprises a blazed and chirped refractive index grating in the core of the waveguide, coupling means and utilization means. The grating is selected such that guided mode light of predetermined wavelength will, in the absence of the coupling means, be directed into one or more cladding modes of the waveguide. The presence of the coupling means in optical co-operation with the waveguide, changes the guiding conditions such that the cladding modes are substantially eliminated from a portion of the waveguide that includes the cladding, whereby the grating directs the guided mode light into one or more radiation modes. The blaze angle typically is .ltoreq.15.degree.. The chirp serves to bring the radiation mode light substantially to a focus in at least one dimension, the focal point (or line) depending on the wavelength of the light. The utilization means exemplarily comprise an array of photodetectors, and the coupling means exemplarily comprise an appropriately shaped glass member and index matching means. Dispersive waveguide taps are advantageously used in WDM optical communication systems, e.g., to provide status information (e.g., channel wavelength, channel power, including presence or absence of a channel) to, e.g., a system maintenance unit. The status information facilitates maintenance of operating conditions by conventional feedback control.
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公开(公告)号：US5740292A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-14
申请号：US712694
申请日：1996-09-12
申请人： Thomas A. Strasser
发明人： Thomas A. Strasser
CPC分类号： G02B6/29317 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/14 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/06758 , G02B6/29332
摘要： Reflective mode coupling refractive index gratings are disclosed. The gratings can couple light of wavelength .lambda..sub.i in a fundamental spatial mode of the waveguide (e.g., LP.sub.01 to a reflected higher order spatial mode (e.g., LP.sub.11), substantially without reflection of any light of wavelength .lambda..sub.j .noteq..lambda..sub.i in a spectral range .DELTA..lambda..ltoreq.0.01 .lambda..sub.i. The mode coupling gratings (MCGs) can find a variety of uses in optical waveguide systems. Exemplarily, an MCG can serve as a wavelength-dependent loss element with abrupt (e.g., .about.1 nm) spectral dependence. However, a chirped grating with or without strength modulation can yield an MCG having relatively wide spectral dependence, including variable loss over a relatively wide (e.g., .about.10 nm) spectral range. Both types of MCGs are advantageously used in, for instance, optical waveguide amplifiers.
摘要翻译： 公开了反射模耦合折射率光栅。 光栅可以将波长λi的光耦合到波导的基本空间模式（例如，LP01到反射高阶空间模式（例如，LP11）），基本上没有波长λ的任何光的反射。 范围DELTAλ
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10.发明授权Optical waveguide system comprising a mode coupling grating and a mode discrimination coupler 失效包括模耦合光栅和模式鉴别耦合器的光波导系统
公开(公告)号：US5717798A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-10
申请号：US712697
申请日：1996-09-12
CPC分类号： G02B6/29319 , G02B6/29383 , G02B6/14
摘要： The optical waveguide system comprises a mode discriminating coupler and reflective mode coupling means. These components can be combined in a variety of ways to perform a variety of functions. Among them are drop multiplex devices, add multiplex devices, add/drop multiplex devices, and power combiners. The device combinations can have low loss as well as high reliability, the latter due to the robust structure of the devices.
摘要翻译： 光波导系统包括模式识别耦合器和反射模式耦合装置。 这些组件可以以各种方式组合以执行各种功能。 其中包括多路复用器件，增加复用器件，分插复用器件和功率合成器。 器件组合可以具有低损耗以及高可靠性，后者由于器件的坚固结构。
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