公开(公告)号：US07139478B2

公开(公告)日：2006-11-21

申请号：US10275134

申请日：2002-03-13

申请人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Tsing Hua Her ,  Stefan Hunsche ,  Gregory Raybon ,  John A. Rogers ,  Paul S. Westbrook

发明人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Tsing Hua Her ,  Stefan Hunsche ,  Gregory Raybon ,  John A. Rogers ,  Paul S. Westbrook

IPC分类号： H04B10/08

CPC分类号： H04B10/2569 ,  H04B10/077 ,  H04B10/07955 ,  H04B10/299

摘要： Embodiments of the invention include system for monitoring the effectiveness of pulse shaping in a nonlinear optical fiber (40). The spectral content of the pulse, after passing through the nonlinear fiber (40), provides an indication of how effectively the pulse was regenerated. A portion of the pulse exiting the nonlinear fiber is tapped off and its pulse energy is measured in at least one selected spectral region. The selected spectral region is one in which the pulse tends to gain energy when effective regeneration is taking place. The information concerning the effectiveness of pulse shaping in a nonlinear optical fiber is fed back to dynamically change the residual dispersion at the regenerator input. The spectral measurement leads to a control signal (48) to indicate a level of performance of the system, or to improve the performance of the system by adjusting an operational parameter.

摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例包括用于监测非线性光纤（40）中的脉冲整形有效性的系统。 通过非线性光纤（40）后脉冲的光谱含量提供脉冲再生的有效指示。 离开非线性光纤的脉冲的一部分被分离，并且其脉冲能量在至少一个选定的光谱区域中被测量。 所选择的光谱区域是当发生有效再生时脉冲倾向于获得能量的光谱区域。 关于非线性光纤中的脉冲整形的有效性的信息被反馈以动态地改变再生器输入端的残余色散。 频谱测量导致控制信号（48）以指示系统的性能水平，或通过调整操作参数来提高系统的性能。

公开(公告)号：US07081323B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-25

申请号：US10701585

申请日：2003-11-05

申请人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Misha Sumetsky ,  Paul S. Westbrook

发明人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Misha Sumetsky ,  Paul S. Westbrook

IPC分类号： G01F9/00

CPC分类号： G03F7/001 ,  G02B6/02085 ,  G02B6/02138 ,  G03F1/34

摘要： In accordance with the invention, the fabrication of a grating phase mask is improved by providing a multiple-scan exposure which can provide an accumulated exposure that is effectively phase modulated or modulated rapidly in amplitude. Applicants have determined that exposure scans can be chosen so that each is modulated in amplitude and without modulation in phase, but the accumulated exposure of the multiple scans is modulated in phase and/or modulated in amplitude. The improved method can be used to make phase masks for fabrication of sophisticated fiber gratings such as superstructure gratings.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，通过提供多次扫描曝光来提高光栅相位掩模的制造，该多次扫描曝光可以提供在幅度上快速有效相位调制或调制的累积曝光。 申请人已经确定可以选择曝光扫描，使得每个都以幅度调制并且不进行相位调制，但是多个扫描的累积曝光被相位调制和/或以幅度调制。 改进的方法可用于制造用于制造诸如上层结构光栅的复杂光纤光栅的相位掩模。

公开(公告)号：US06753118B2

公开(公告)日：2004-06-22

申请号：US10109411

申请日：2002-03-27

申请人： Rajan D. Deshmukh ,  Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Pavel Ivanoff Reyes ,  Carl Soccolich ,  Michael Sumetsky ,  Paul S. Westbrook

发明人： Rajan D. Deshmukh ,  Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Pavel Ivanoff Reyes ,  Carl Soccolich ,  Michael Sumetsky ,  Paul S. Westbrook

IPC分类号： G03F720

CPC分类号： G03F7/001 ,  G02B6/02085 ,  G02B6/02123 ,  G02B6/02138

摘要： A grating fabrication process utilizes real-time measurement of a grating characteristic (such as, for example, grating period chirp, reflectivity, group delay) as a feedback error signal to modify the writing process and improve the characteristics of the finished grating. A test beam is launched through the optical medium during the writing process (or at the end of an initial writing process) and a particular characteristic is measured and used to generate a “corrective” apodization refractive index profile that can be incorporated with the grating to improve its characteristics. The improvements may be applied to a phase (or amplitude) mask used to write the grating (etching, local deformation, coating changes, for example), or the grating itself may be corrected using additional UV exposure, non-uniform annealing, non-uniform heating, and/or non-uniform tension—these techniques applied separately or in an intermittent sequence. The utilization of a “closed loop” grating fabrication process provides the ability to form gratings with finely tuned characteristics.

摘要翻译： 光栅制造工艺利用光栅特性（例如，光栅周期啁啾，反射率，群延迟）的实时测量作为反馈误差信号来修改写入过程并改善成品光栅的特性。 在写入过程中（或在初始写入过程结束时），通过光学介质发射测试光束，并且测量特定特性​​并且用于产生可以与光栅结合的“校正”变迹折射率分布 提高其特点。 该改进可以应用于用于写入光栅的相位（或幅度）掩模（蚀刻，局部变形，例如涂层变化），或者光栅本身可以使用额外的UV曝光，非均匀退火， 均匀加热和/或不均匀的张力 - 这些技术单独应用或以间歇方式应用。 利用“闭环”光栅制造工艺提供了形成具有精细调谐特性的光栅的能力。

公开(公告)号：US06415079B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-02

申请号：US09519382

申请日：2000-03-03

申请人： Geoffrey L. Burdge ,  Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Thomas A. Strasser ,  Paul S. Westbrook ,  Robert S. Windeler

发明人： Geoffrey L. Burdge ,  Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Thomas A. Strasser ,  Paul S. Westbrook ,  Robert S. Windeler

IPC分类号： G02B634

CPC分类号： G02B6/02366 ,  C03B37/0122 ,  C03B2203/10 ,  C03B2203/14 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/02371 ,  G02B6/29317 ,  G02B6/29394

摘要： The present invention is predicated on applicants' discovery that an appropriately spaced and dimensioned internal gap cladding can substantially reduce short wavelength cladding mode loss in a fiber Bragg grating. A fiber Bragg grating is provided with a ring of closely spaced, longitudinally extending gap regions in the glass peripherally surrounding the core. The gaps are spaced apart by thin glass webs having a thickness less than a wavelength of the light being transmitted and are disposed peripherally about the core at a distance of 2-10 wavelengths from the core center. The thin webs limit the passage of the light between the gaps. The combination of webs and gaps acts as an internal thin cladding which supports fewer cladding modes than conventional glass cladding and, significantly, provides increased wavelength spacing between the Bragg resonance and the first cladding mode resonance.

摘要翻译： 本发明基于申请人的发现，适当间隔和尺寸尺寸的内部间隙包层可以显着地减少光纤布拉格光栅中的短波长包层模式损耗。 光纤布拉格光栅在玻璃周围包围核心处设置有紧密间隔开的纵向延伸的间隙区域的环。 间隙被薄玻璃纤维网间隔开，薄板玻璃纤维网的厚度小于正在透射的光的波长，并且围绕芯离心设置在与核心中心相距2-10个波长的位置。 薄腹板限制了间隙之间的光通过。 腹板和间隙的组合用作内部薄包层，其支撑比常规玻璃包层更少的包层模式，并且显着地在布拉格共振和第一包层模式共振之间提供增加的波长间隔。

公开(公告)号：US06885792B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-26

申请号：US10253445

申请日：2002-09-24

申请人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Kenneth S. Feder ,  Paul S. Westbrook

发明人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Kenneth S. Feder ,  Paul S. Westbrook

IPC分类号： G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G02B6/124

摘要： The specification describes a wavelength monitoring system for multiple wavelength communications systems, such as WDM systems, based on the recognition that the mechanism for spatially separating the individual wavelength bands can be achieved within the optical fiber itself. Individual wavelength bands are separated using a series of discrete gratings spaced longitudinally along the fiber core. The wavelength bands are extracted from the fiber core by converting the energy in the selected band from a core-guided mode to a radiation mode. By using a tilted grating, the light in the radiation mode is directed through the cladding and out of the fiber. Spatial resolution of the selected bands can be any desired physical length. An important implication of this is that detection can be made in the near field using inexpensive detecting apparatus. Near field is defined for convenience in this case as the optical field of the radiated energy without any optically modifying elements (collimating devices, diffraction elements, mirrors, etc.). This eliminates nearly all of the optics, and the attendant expense, in prior art monitoring systems.

摘要翻译： 该规范描述了用于多波长通信系统（例如WDM系统）的波长监测系统，其基于在光纤本身内可以实现用于空间分离各个波长带的机制的认识。 使用沿纤维芯纵向间隔开的一系列离散光栅来分离各个波段。 通过将所选频带中的能量从芯引导模式转换为辐射模式，从光纤芯提取波长带。 通过使用倾斜光栅，辐射模式中的光被引导穿过包层并离开光纤。 所选频带的空间分辨率可以是任何所需的物理长度。 其重要的意义在于，可以使用廉价的检测装置在近场进行检测。 在这种情况下，为了方便起见，近场被定义为没有任何光学修饰元件（准直装置，衍射元件，反射镜等）的辐射能量的光场。 这消除了现有技术监控系统中几乎所有的光学元件以及伴随的费用。

公开(公告)号：US06386714B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-14

申请号：US09849050

申请日：2001-05-04

申请人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Kenneth S. Feder ,  Mikhail Sumetskiy

发明人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Kenneth S. Feder ,  Mikhail Sumetskiy

IPC分类号： G02B508

CPC分类号： G02B26/0825

摘要： A reflecting apparatus includes a flexible mirror and at least one rocker arm coupling an applied force to a plurality of spaced-apart locations on the mirror to adjust the shape of the mirror. The reflecting apparatus may be used in an interferometer in the path of one of the interfering beams, and adjustments of the shape of the mirror may be used to control the interference pattern generated. The interference pattern created by the apparatus may be used to create fiber Bragg gratings and phase masks, including chirped gratings and masks. An interferometer may use such a reflecting apparatus in the path of each interfering beam.

摘要翻译： 反射装置包括柔性反射镜和至少一个摇臂，其将施加的力耦合到反射镜上的多个间隔开的位置，以调整反射镜的形状。 反射装置可以在干涉光束之一的干涉仪中使用，并且可以使用反射镜的形状的调整来控制所产生的干涉图案。 由该装置产生的干涉图可用于产生光纤布拉格光栅和相位掩模，包括啁啾光栅和掩模。 干涉仪可以在每个干扰光束的路径中使用这种反射装置。

公开(公告)号：US06847763B2

公开(公告)日：2005-01-25

申请号：US10321194

申请日：2002-12-17

申请人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Richard J. Ramsay ,  Paul Steinvurzel

发明人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Richard J. Ramsay ,  Paul Steinvurzel

IPC分类号： G02B6/34 ,  H04B10/18

CPC分类号： H04B10/2519 ,  G02B6/02085 ,  G02B6/02204

摘要： A colorless tunable dispersion compensator (TDC) comprises a plurality of N separate dispersion compensation elements, each centered at a different wavelength used in the communication system. A single tuning element is coupled to the plurality of separate dispersion compensation elements. A 1-out-of-N selector (such as a 1×N optical switch) is used to select the particular tunable dispersion compensation element to be implemented for an associated channel in the system. Advantageously, the same TDC can then be used in association with each channel in the communication system, as controlled by the 1-out-of-N selector to chose the particular compensation element for a specific channel wavelength.

摘要翻译： 无色可调谐色散补偿器（TDC）包括多个N个分离的色散补偿元件，每个色散补偿元件以通信系统中使用的不同波长为中心。 单个调谐元件耦合到多个单独的色散补偿元件。 使用1输入选择器（例如1xN光学开关）来选择要为系统中的相关通道实现的特定可调谐色散补偿元件。 有利的是，相同的TDC可以与通信系统中的每个信道相关联地使用，由1输入选择器控制以选择用于特定信道波长的特定补偿元件。

公开(公告)号：US07440664B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-21

申请号：US10409227

申请日：2003-04-08

申请人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Justin D. Ging ,  Arturo Hale ,  Charles Kerbage

发明人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Justin D. Ging ,  Arturo Hale ,  Charles Kerbage

IPC分类号： G02B6/02

CPC分类号： G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/02204 ,  G02B6/02366 ,  G02B6/02376 ,  G02B6/02385 ,  G02B6/0239

摘要： A microstructured optical waveguide is formed to include a periodic sequence of “plugs” of optically active material within the inner cladding air tunnels. The plugs are utilized as a grating structure for generating resonant and periodic structures. The waveguide (in one embodiment, an optical fiber) is tunable by changing the spacing of the plugs (e.g., heating the structure, changing the pressure within the structure, etc.), or by modifying the initial spacing of the plugs during the formation of the microstructured optical waveguide (i.e., by modifying the “dipping frequency” of the waveguide into a reservoir of optically active material). In general, any number of different types of optically active material may be used to form the plugs, where two or more different materials may be used in the same structure, and introduced in an alternating fashion.

摘要翻译： 形成微结构化光波导以在内包层空气隧道内包括光学活性材料的“插塞”的周期性序列。 插头被用作用于产生谐振和周期性结构的光栅结构。 波导（在一个实施例中，光纤）可通过改变插头的间距（例如，加热结构，改变结构内的压力等）来调节，或通过在形成期间修改塞子的初始间隔来调节 的微结构光波导（即，通过将波导的“浸渍频率”改变为光学活性材料的储存器）。 通常，可以使用任何数量的不同类型的光学活性材料来形成插塞，其中可以以相同的结构使用两种或更多种不同的材料，并以交替方式引入。

公开(公告)号：US06996317B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-07

申请号：US10691947

申请日：2003-10-23

申请人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Mikio Ogai ,  Mikhail Sumetsky

发明人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Mikio Ogai ,  Mikhail Sumetsky

IPC分类号： G02B6/20

CPC分类号： C03B37/16 ,  C03B37/02781 ,  C03B2203/10 ,  C03B2203/14 ,  C03B2203/42 ,  G02B6/26 ,  Y02P40/57

摘要： A microstructured optical component is formed from an optical preform fabricated to include one ore more internal regions of differing refractive index. The preform is drawn into a fiber and sliced into relatively long individual fiber segments, each segment thus forming a microstructured optical component. An optical signal may then be coupled through a sidewall of the component in a direction parallel to the endfaces of the segment. A more complex structure can be formed by grouping together a plurality of fiber segments and performing an additional drawing and slicing process.

摘要翻译： 微结构化光学部件由制造成包括一个或多个不同折射率的内部区域的光学预型件形成。 将预制件拉制成纤维并切成较长的单个纤维段，由此形成微结构的光学部件。 然后，光信号可以在与该段的端面平行的方向上通过部件的侧壁耦合。 可以通过将多个光纤段分组在一起并执行附加的绘图和切片处理来形成更复杂的结构。

公开(公告)号：US06768577B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-27

申请号：US10097744

申请日：2002-03-15

申请人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Paul Steinvurzel ,  Yoshihiro Emori ,  Shu Namiki ,  Akira Fujisaki ,  Toshio Kimura

发明人： Benjamin J. Eggleton ,  Paul Steinvurzel ,  Yoshihiro Emori ,  Shu Namiki ,  Akira Fujisaki ,  Toshio Kimura

IPC分类号： H01S300

CPC分类号： H01S3/09415 ,  H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/094069 ,  H01S3/302

摘要： A tunable multimode wavelength division multiplex Raman pump and amplifier, and a system, method, and computer program product for controlling a tunable Raman pump and amplifier. The tunability of the pump source is accomplished by either straining or heating an external fiber grating, thereby causing a different wavelength of light to be emitted by the pump source. The system includes a microprocessor-based controller that monitors an amplifier's performance and adjusts the drive current and/or wavelength of the tunable pumps of an amplifier to achieve a target performance.

摘要翻译： 可调多模波分复用拉曼泵浦放大器，以及用于控制可调拉曼泵浦和放大器的系统，方法和计算机程序产品。 泵浦源的可调性是通过对外部光纤光栅进行应变或加热来实现的，从而导致不同波长的光被泵浦光源发射。 该系统包括基于微处理器的控制器，其监视放大器的性能并调节放大器的可调谐泵的驱动电流和/或波长以实现目标性能。