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公开(公告)号：US07916552B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-29
申请号：US12763569
申请日：2010-04-20
IPC分类号： G11C16/04
CPC分类号： G11C16/26 , G11C11/5621 , G11C16/349
摘要： Tracking cells are used in a memory system to improve the read process. The tracking cells can provide an indication of the quality of the data and can be used as part of a data recovery operation if there is an error. The tracking cells provide a means to adjust the read parameters to optimum levels in order to reflect the current conditions of the memory system. Additionally, some memory systems that use multi-state memory cells will apply rotation data schemes to minimize wear. The rotation scheme can be encoded in the tracking cells based on the states of multiple tracking cells, which is decoded upon reading.
摘要翻译： 在存储器系统中使用跟踪单元来改善读取过程。 跟踪单元可以提供数据质量的指示，如果存在错误，可以将其用作数据恢复操作的一部分。 跟踪单元提供了将读取参数调整到最佳水平以便反映存储器系统的当前状况的手段。 另外，使用多状态存储器单元的一些存储器系统将应用旋转数据方案以最小化磨损。 可以基于多个跟踪单元的状态在跟踪单元中编码旋转方案，该单元在读取时被解码。
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公开(公告)号：US20100202199A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-12
申请号：US12763569
申请日：2010-04-20
CPC分类号： G11C16/26 , G11C11/5621 , G11C16/349
摘要： Tracking cells are used in a memory system to improve the read process. The tracking cells can provide an indication of the quality of the data and can be used as part of a data recovery operation if there is an error. The tracking cells provide a means to adjust the read parameters to optimum levels in order to reflect the current conditions of the memory system. Additionally, some memory systems that use multi-state memory cells will apply rotation data schemes to minimize wear. The rotation scheme can be encoded in the tracking cells based on the states of multiple tracking cells, which is decoded upon reading.
摘要翻译： 在存储器系统中使用跟踪单元来改善读取过程。 跟踪单元可以提供数据质量的指示，如果存在错误，可以将其用作数据恢复操作的一部分。 跟踪单元提供了将读取参数调整到最佳水平以便反映存储器系统的当前状况的手段。 另外，使用多状态存储器单元的一些存储器系统将应用旋转数据方案以最小化磨损。 可以基于多个跟踪单元的状态在跟踪单元中编码旋转方案，该单元在读取时被解码。
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公开(公告)号：US07266026B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-04
申请号：US11201007
申请日：2005-08-09
IPC分类号： G06F5/00
摘要： Methods and apparatus for transforming data into a format which may be efficiently stored in a non-volatile memory are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for storing information of a first data format in a memory system includes generating statistics associated with the first data format, and transforming the information from the first data format to a second data format using the statistics. Once the information is transformed into the second data format, the information is stored into a memory. Storing the information in the second data format in the memory includes storing an identifier that identifies a transformation used to transform the information to the second data format. In one embodiment, costs associated with storing the information in the second data format are less than or equal to costs associated with storing the information in the first data format.
摘要翻译： 公开了将数据转换成可以有效地存储在非易失性存储器中的格式的方法和装置。 根据本发明的一个方面，一种用于将第一数据格式的信息存储在存储器系统中的方法包括生成与第一数据格式相关联的统计信息，以及使用统计信息将信息从第一数据格式转换为第二数据格式 。 一旦信息被转换成第二数据格式，信息被存储到存储器中。 以第二数据格式存储在存储器中的信息包括存储识别用于将信息变换为第二数据格式的变换的标识符。 在一个实施例中，与以第二数据格式存储信息相关联的成本小于或等于与以第一数据格式存储信息相关联的成本。
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公开(公告)号：US07237074B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-26
申请号：US10461244
申请日：2003-06-13
IPC分类号： G12F12/00
CPC分类号： G11C16/26 , G11C11/5621 , G11C16/349
摘要： Tracking cells are used in a memory system to improve the read process. The tracking cells can provide an indication of the quality of the data and can be used as part of a data recovery operation if there is an error. The tracking cells provide a means to adjust the read parameters to optimum levels in order to reflect the current conditions of the memory system. Additionally, some memory systems that use multi-state memory cells will apply rotation data schemes to minimize wear. The rotation scheme can be encoded in the tracking cells based on the states of multiple tracking cells, which is decoded upon reading.
摘要翻译： 在存储器系统中使用跟踪单元来改善读取过程。 跟踪单元可以提供数据质量的指示，如果存在错误，可以将其用作数据恢复操作的一部分。 跟踪单元提供了将读取参数调整到最佳水平以便反映存储器系统的当前状况的手段。 另外，使用多状态存储器单元的一些存储器系统将应用旋转数据方案以最小化磨损。 可以基于多个跟踪单元的状态在跟踪单元中编码旋转方案，该单元在读取时被解码。
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公开(公告)号：US20110141816A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-16
申请号：US13031041
申请日：2011-02-18
IPC分类号： G11C16/04
CPC分类号： G11C16/26 , G11C11/5621 , G11C16/349
摘要： Tracking cells are used in a memory system to improve the read process. The tracking cells can provide an indication of the quality of the data and can be used as part of a data recovery operation if there is an error. The tracking cells provide a means to adjust the read parameters to optimum levels in order to reflect the current conditions of the memory system. Read operations are performed on the tracking cells, where threshold voltages of physical states of the tracking cells are further apart than threshold voltages of physical states of non-tracking cells. Based on the read operations, an extent to which the tracking cells are errored is determined.
摘要翻译： 在存储器系统中使用跟踪单元来改善读取过程。 跟踪单元可以提供数据质量的指示，如果存在错误，可以将其用作数据恢复操作的一部分。 跟踪单元提供了将读取参数调整到最佳水平以便反映存储器系统的当前状况的手段。 在跟踪单元上执行读操作，其中跟踪单元的物理状态的阈值电压比非跟踪单元的物理状态的阈值电压更远。 基于读取操作，确定跟踪单元被错误的程度。
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公开(公告)号：US07681094B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-16
申请号：US11752024
申请日：2007-05-22
CPC分类号： G11C16/26 , G11C11/5621 , G11C16/349
摘要： Tracking cells are used in a memory system to improve the read process. The tracking cells can provide an indication of the quality of the data and can be used as part of a data recovery operation if there is an error. The tracking cells provide a means to adjust the read parameters to optimum levels in order to reflect the current conditions of the memory system. Additionally, some memory systems that use multi-state memory cells will apply rotation data schemes to minimize wear. The rotation scheme can be encoded in the tracking cells based on the states of multiple tracking cells, which is decoded upon reading.
摘要翻译： 在存储器系统中使用跟踪单元来改善读取过程。 跟踪单元可以提供数据质量的指示，如果存在错误，可以将其用作数据恢复操作的一部分。 跟踪单元提供了将读取参数调整到最佳水平以便反映存储器系统的当前状况的手段。 另外，使用多状态存储器单元的一些存储器系统将应用旋转数据方案以最小化磨损。 可以基于多个跟踪单元的状态在跟踪单元中编码旋转方案，该单元在读取时被解码。
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公开(公告)号：US06941412B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US10230657
申请日：2002-08-29
摘要： Methods and apparatus for transforming data into a format which may be efficiently stored in a non-volatile memory are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for storing information of a first data format in a memory system includes generating statistics associated with the first data format, and transforming the information from the first data format to a second data format using the statistics. Once the information is transformed into the second data format, the information is stored into a memory. Storing the information in the second data format in the memory includes storing an identifier that identifies a transformation used to transform the information to the second data format. In one embodiment, costs associated with storing the information in the second data format are less than or equal to costs associated with storing the information in the first data format.
摘要翻译： 公开了将数据转换成可以有效地存储在非易失性存储器中的格式的方法和装置。 根据本发明的一个方面，一种用于将第一数据格式的信息存储在存储器系统中的方法包括生成与第一数据格式相关联的统计信息，以及使用统计信息将信息从第一数据格式转换为第二数据格式 。 一旦信息被转换成第二数据格式，信息被存储到存储器中。 以第二数据格式存储在存储器中的信息包括存储识别用于将信息变换为第二数据格式的变换的标识符。 在一个实施例中，与以第二数据格式存储信息相关联的成本小于或等于与以第一数据格式存储信息相关联的成本。
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公开(公告)号：US07760555B2
公开(公告)日：2010-07-20
申请号：US11752008
申请日：2007-05-22
IPC分类号： G11C16/04
CPC分类号： G11C16/26 , G11C11/5621 , G11C16/349
摘要： Tracking cells are used in a memory system to improve the read process. The tracking cells can provide an indication of the quality of the data and can be used as part of a data recovery operation if there is an error. The tracking cells provide a means to adjust the read parameters to optimum levels in order to reflect the current conditions of the memory system. Additionally, some memory systems that use multi-state memory cells will apply rotation data schemes to minimize wear. The rotation scheme can be encoded in the tracking cells based on the states of multiple tracking cells, which is decoded upon reading.
摘要翻译： 在存储器系统中使用跟踪单元来改善读取过程。 跟踪单元可以提供数据质量的指示，如果存在错误，可以将其用作数据恢复操作的一部分。 跟踪单元提供了将读取参数调整到最佳水平以便反映存储器系统的当前状况的手段。 另外，使用多状态存储器单元的一些存储器系统将应用旋转数据方案以最小化磨损。 可以基于多个跟踪单元的状态在跟踪单元中编码旋转方案，该单元在读取时被解码。
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公开(公告)号：US07245556B1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-17
申请号：US11321217
申请日：2005-12-28
申请人： Yosi Pinto , Geoffrey S. Gongwer , Oren Honen
发明人： Yosi Pinto , Geoffrey S. Gongwer , Oren Honen
IPC分类号： G11C8/00
CPC分类号： G11C8/10 , G06F12/0246 , G06F2212/1036 , G06F2212/7211 , G11C16/349 , G11C16/3495
摘要： A memory system that incorporates methods of amplifying the lifetime of a counter made up of memory elements, such as EEPROM cells, having finite endurance. A relatively small memory made up of a number of individually accessible write segments, where, depending on the embodiment, each write segment is made up of a single memory cell or a small number of cells (e.g., a byte). A count is encoded so that it is distributed across a number of fields, each associated with one of the write segments, such that as the count is incremented only a single field (or, in the single bit embodiments, occasionally more than one field) is changed and that these changes are evenly distributed across the fields. The changed field is then written to the corresponding segment, while the other write segments are unchanged. Consequently, the number of rewrites to a given write segment is decreased, and the lifetime correspondingly increased, by a factor corresponding to the number of write segments used.
摘要翻译： 一种存储系统，其包含放大由具有有限耐久性的诸如EEPROM单元之类的存储元件构成的计数器的寿命的方法。 由多个单独访问的写入段构成的相对小的存储器，其中根据实施例，每个写入段由单个存储器单元或少量单元（例如，一个字节）组成。 计数被编码，使得其分布在多个字段中，每个字段与写入段之一相关联，使得当计数仅增加一个字段（或者在单个实施例中，偶尔地多于一个字段）时， 改变了这些变化是均匀地分布在各个领域。 然后将更改的字段写入相应的段，而其他写段不变。 因此，给定写入段的重写次数减少，并且寿命相应地增加了与所使用的写入段数相对应的因子。
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公开(公告)号：US07243275B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-10
申请号：US11304961
申请日：2005-12-14
CPC分类号： G11C11/5635 , G11C11/5628 , G11C16/3454 , G11C16/3459 , G11C2211/5621
摘要： A “smart verify” technique, whereby multi-state memories are programmed using a verify-results-based dynamic adjustment of the multi-states verify range for sequential-state-based verify implementations, is presented. This technique can increase multi-state write speed while maintaining reliable operation within sequentially verified, multi-state memory implementations by providing “intelligent” element to minimize the number of sequential verify operations for each program/verify/lockout step of the write sequence. At the beginning of a program/verify cycle sequence only the lowest state or states are checked during the verify phase. As lower states are reached, additional higher states are added to the verify sequence and lower states can be removed.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种“智能验证”技术，其中使用基于验证结果的动态调整多状态验证范围对基于顺序状态的验证实现来编程多状态存储器。 该技术可以通过提供“智能”元件来最小化写入序列的每个程序/验证/锁定步骤的顺序验证操作的数量，从而提高多状态写入速度，同时在顺序验证的多状态存储器实现中保持可靠的操作。 在程序/验证周期序列的开始，在验证阶段只检查最低的状态或状态。 当达到较低的状态时，额外的更高的状态被添加到验证序列中，并且可以去除较低的状态。
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