摘要:
Significant concentrations of naphthalene were detected in carton nests of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, collected from Florida, Hawaii, and Louisiana. This is the first report of naphthalene being associated with termites or any other insects. Naphthalene and other compounds associated with termite carton nests may be used to increase termite bait acceptance. New attractant molecules include 2-phenoxyethanol. New feeding stimulants include ergosterol. A list of volatile compounds associated with termite nests is presented, compounds that may be used to detect termite nests.
摘要:
Significant concentrations of naphthalene were detected in carton nests of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, collected from Florida, Hawaii, and Louisiana. This is the first report of naphthalene being associated with termites or any other insects. Naphthalene and other compounds associated with termite carton nests may be used to increase termite bait acceptance. New attractant molecules include 2-phenoxyethanol. New feeding stimulants include ergosterol. A list of volatile compounds associated with termite nests is presented, compounds that may be used to detect termite nests.
摘要:
Extracts of vetiver oil were found to significantly repel termites. In one extract, nootkatone was isolated and found to be a significant repellent and toxicant of termites. Nootkatone significantly decreased food consumption, decreased tunneling behavior, and increased mortality in termites. Nootkatone is an effective repellent and toxicant of termites either by itself or as an addition to other materials or substrates, including mulches made from vetiver grass roots or other wood products. Nootkatone can also be used to protect construction wood from attack by Formosan subterranean termites. Nootkatone as a repellent is non-toxic to humans and other mammals and is environmentally safe. In addition, α-cedrene was found to be a weak termite repellent; and both zizanol and bicyclovetivenol were found to be repellents and toxicants of termites.
摘要:
An inexpensive, stereoselective synthesis for nootkatone, tetrahydronootkatone, and their derivatives is disclosed. The starting materials used in the synthesis are inexpensive. The principal starting material, (−)-β-Pinene, is on the GRAS list (generally recognized as safe).
摘要:
Compositions are described comprising an amount of a toxicant comprising a compound of the formula HNR1R2, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C6-cycloalkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C12-aryl group; wherein the amount of the toxicant is sufficient to control termites. Methods for controlling termites using such compositions are also described.
摘要:
Several derivatives of naphthalene, including 1′-acetonaphthone, 2′-acetpnaphthone, 1-methoxynaphthalene, and 2-methoxynaphthalene, were discovered to be effective toxicants and repellents of termites, and resulted in significant reduction in termite feeding activity. For example, 2′-acetonaphthone was found to be an effective repellent and feeding deterrent of termites. Termites exposed to concentrations as low as 8 mg/kg sand exhibited a significant reduction in tunneling and feeding activity. Moreover, some of the dead termites had symptoms indicative of a failure to molt. At concentrations ≧20 μg/cm2, 2′-acetonaphthone was a strong repellent. Interestingly, at 160-fold lower concentration (0.125 μg/cm2), 2′-acetonaphthone stimulated termite feeding activity. As a sand barrier, 2′-acetonaphthone significantly inhibited tunneling and feeding activity in concentrations from 8.33 to 35.0 mg/kg. Molting problems were also identified in termites exposed to 2′-acetonaphthone.
摘要翻译:发现了萘的几种衍生物,包括1'-乙酰萘酮,2'-乙酸萘,1-甲氧基萘和2-甲氧基萘,是白蚁的有效毒素和驱避剂,导致白蚁进食活动显着降低。 例如,发现2'-乙酰萘酮是有效的驱避剂和抑制白蚁的威慑。 暴露于浓度低至8 mg / kg沙粒的白蚁显示隧道和进食活动的显着减少。 此外,一些死亡的白蚁有表现为蜕皮失败的症状。 在浓度≥20mug/ cm 2的情况下,2'-乙酰萘酮是强驱虫剂。 有趣的是,在浓度为160倍(0.125mug / cm 2))的情况下,2'-乙酰萘酮刺激白蚁进食活性。 作为沙屏障,2'-乙酰萘酮显着抑制了浓度为8.33〜35.0mg / kg的隧道和摄食活性。 在暴露于2'-乙酰四氢萘酮的白蚁中也发现了溶解问题。
摘要:
Extracts of vetiver oil were found to be significant repellents and toxicants of ants, ticks, and cockroaches. Nootkatone was shown to significantly decrease ant invasion and increase mortality in fire ants. Nootkatone is an effective repellent and toxicant of ants either by itself or as an addition to other substrates, including mulches made from vetiver grass roots, diatomaceous earth, alumina, silica, clays; building materials made from either aluminum or wood; and other suitable solid substances. Nootkatone was also a repellent and toxicant to ticks; and a repellent to cockroaches. Nootkatone is non-toxic to humans and other mammals and is environmentally safe. In addition, it is believed that other extracts of vetiver oil, specifically α-cedrene, zizanol and bicyclovetivenol, will be effective against ants, ticks, and cockroaches.
摘要:
Two derivatives of nootkatone, tetrahydronootkatone and 1,10-dihydronootkatone, are surprisingly effective as repellents of termites and mosquitos. Tetrahydronootkatone and 1,10-dihydronootkatone were shown to effectively repel termites at concentrations as low as 2 μg/ml and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively. Tetrahydronootkatone was shown to repel mosquitos at a concentration of 5%. Tetrahydronootkatone is an effective repellent of termites either by itself or as an addition to other substrates, including mulches made from wood products or other cellulose-containing material. Tetrahydronootkatone or 1,10-dihydronootkatone can be used to protect construction wood from attack by Formosan subterranean termites, either alone or used in combination with other compounds known to repel termites. It is also believed that these compounds will prove effective in repelling ants, ticks, and cockroaches. These derivatives of nootkatone are non-toxic to humans and other mammals and environmentally safe.
摘要:
Several derivatives of naphthalene, including 1′-acetonaphthone, 2′-acetonaphthone, 1-methoxynaphthalene, and 2-methoxynaphthalene, were discovered to be effective toxicants and repellents of termites, and resulted in significant reduction in termite feeding activity. For example, 2′-acetonaphthone was found to be an effective repellent and feeding deterrent of termites. Termites exposed to concentrations as low as 8 mg/kg sand exhibited a significant reduction in tunneling and feeding activity. Moreover, some of the dead termites had symptoms indicative of a failure to molt. At concentrations ≧20 μg/cm2, 2′-acetonaphthone was a strong repellent. Interestingly, at 160-fold lower concentration (0.125 μg/cm2), 2′-acetonaphthone stimulated termite feeding activity. As a sand barrier, 2′-acetonaphthone significantly inhibited tunneling and feeding activity in concentrations from 8.33 to 35.0 mg/kg. Molting problems were also identified in termites exposed to 2′-acetonaphthone.
摘要翻译:发现了萘的几种衍生物,包括1'-乙酰萘酮,2'-乙酰萘酮,1-甲氧基萘和2-甲氧基萘,是白蚁的有效毒素和驱避剂,导致白蚁进食活性显着降低。 例如,发现2'-乙酰萘酮是有效的驱避剂和抑制白蚁的抑制作用。 暴露于浓度低至8 mg / kg沙粒的白蚁显示隧道和进食活动的显着减少。 此外,一些死亡的白蚁有表现为蜕皮失败的症状。 在浓度≥20mug/ cm 2的情况下,2'-乙酰萘酮是强驱虫剂。 有趣的是,在浓度为160倍(0.125mug / cm 2))的情况下,2'-乙酰萘酮刺激白蚁进食活性。 作为沙屏障,2'-乙酰萘酮显着抑制了浓度为8.33〜35.0mg / kg的隧道和摄食活性。 在暴露于2'-乙酰四氢萘酮的白蚁中也发现了溶解问题。
摘要:
A termite bait system is disclosed having two compartments, a non-toxic preconditioning compartment (or "P-compartment") and a toxicant compartment (or "T-compartment"). A passage connects the P-compartment to the T-compartment. Initially this passage is blocked by a plug of a material that termites can eat through over time. The P-compartment contains a small amount of food without any toxicant. The T-compartment contains food that has been treated with a toxicant. Termites from the targeted colony--or from a different, but amicable colony--are placed in the P-compartment, where they are allowed to feed on the non-toxic food. An exit from the P-compartment, for example a tube, leads to a shelter tube of the targeted colony. The shelter tube is preferably left undisturbed by the operator of the CPBS system. Termites from the P-compartment build a shelter tube or lay down chemical signals from the P-compartment to the target colony or its shelter tubes. Termites from the target colony then travel to the P-compartment, where they feed on the non-toxic food. After a time, the termites eat through the plug between the two compartments, and begin feeding on the toxicant-laced food in the T-compartment. The colony eventually dies as toxicant is distributed throughout the colony.