摘要:
A method is provided for reducing an impact speed of an armature on a pole face of an electromagnet in an electro-magnetic actuator, in which the armature moves toward the pole face against a restoring spring force when the coil of the electromagnet is charged with current. The method includes limiting a voltage applied to the coil to a predeterminable maximum value as the armature approaches the pole face so that a current flowing through the coil drops for a portion of the time of the voltage limitation.
摘要:
A method for controlling a piston-type internal combustion engine including dosing a fuel amount conditional upon a desired engine output and dosing a required air amount by controlling opening times of at least the gas intake valves.
摘要:
A method is provided for controlling an electromagnetic actuator having an electromagnet including a magnetic core presenting a pole face and an electromagnet coil wound around the magnetic core, a return spring and an armature connected to an actuation mechanism and movable toward the pole face by a magnetic force of the electromagnet against the force of the return spring. The method includes: detecting a time behavior and/or value of current and/or voltage present at the electromagnet coil during a time period when the armature does not move relative to the electromagnet, and deriving a value corresponding to the actual ohmic resistance and/or inductance of the electromagnet coil from the detected time behavior and/or value from the detecting step for compensating changes in the ohmic resistance of the electromagnet coil.
摘要:
A method is provided for determining valve control times for a maximum charge for cylinders in a piston-type internal combustion engine provided with fuel injection, lambda sensor control and electromagnetically actuatable cylinder valves. The method includes setting the "intake closes" control moment to a preliminary value on all gas intake valves of the engine; changing continuously the "intake closes" control moment on the gas intake valves at least one cylinder while maintaining a constant engine rpm and determining, with the lambda sensor control at .lambda.=1, one of (1) a longest fuel injection duration and (2) a leanest operation at a constant injection duration; and storing the determined "intake closes" control moments at respective rpm's in a performance characteristic of an engine control for achieving a maximum charge in the cylinders at the respective rpm's.
摘要:
A method is provided for monitoring a cylinder valve which is actuated by an electromagnetic actuator including an electromagnet having a magnetic core presenting a pole face and a coil wound around the magnetic core, a return spring and an armature that can be moved by the electromagnet in a direction toward the pole face counter to a force of the return spring for acting upon the cylinder valve. The method includes: measuring a value of one of (a) a time until current in the coil drops to a predetermined lower value after a switching of the current flowing through the coil, (b) a voltage at the coil subsequent to the switching of the current to the coil, (c) the voltage at the coil at a time of maximum approach of the armature to the pole face, and (d) the voltage at the coil at a time subsequent to the time of maximum approach of the armature to the pole face; comparing the measured value to a predetermined value; and generating a signal if a deviation is detected between the measured value and the predetermined value.
摘要:
A method for a controlling cylinder valve drive in a piston-type internal combustion engine includes the steps of detecting vibration signals generated during operation by the cylinder valve drive or the cylinder valve, and actuating the cylinder valve drive in dependence on a value of the detected vibration signals which corresponds to the impact time or impact speed of the cylinder valves.
摘要:
An electromagnetic actuator for actuating a gas-exchange valve in a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the electromagnetic actuator comprising: an armature which is operatively connected to the gas-exchange valve; two electromagnets, each having a pole face; two oppositely oriented restoring springs; wherein the armature is guided in a reciprocating manner counter to the force of the two oppositely oriented restoring springs between the pole faces of the two electromagnets whose current supply can be controlled by a control device, the two electromagnets being disposed in mutual spacing and acting as opening and closing devices; and at least one additional mass which is associated with the gas-exchange valve and can be guided so that it is movable relative thereto and in the same direction of the gas-exchange valve, the at least one additional mass entering into operative connection with the gas-exchange valve, in the final phase of the armature's motion in the direction of a respective one of the two electromagnets, via a coupler.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for underwater navigation, particularly for scuba divers, and for autonomous, manned, or remote-controlled underwater vessels, wherein the signals of at least one sensor, comprising at least one acceleration sensor for determining the actual position, are integratively analyzed, accuracy is improved by means of the use of reference measurements, and a correction is carried out by way of a correction vector obtained from the transformation of the vector of the accelerations measured by the acceleration sensor in the diving computer coordinate system into the global coordinate system, the comparison to at least one of the reference measurement values, the determination of the deviation and the reverse transformation of the deviation to the diving computer coordinate system.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an afterglow coating comprising a clear varnish and a photoluminescent pigment, wherein the pigment comprises a white luminous colour in which the clear varnish is distributed. The present invention furthermore relates to methods for producing these coatings and to their use for coating surfaces in the cabin of aircraft.
摘要:
A plug and a method for fixing at least two devices, includes a tension element, a pin, a lever element and a compression element. In one example, the tension element includes a tension stamp on a first end and a coupling member on a second end and a lever element includes a first sliding and a coupling element, with the pin coupling the lever element with the tension element. A compression element having an area-shaped contact that is capable of sliding onto the tension element until the area-shaped contact contacts the tension stamp. When the lever element is coupled to the tension element by a pin and is engaged by using a lever movement, a compression element is compressed by shortening a distance between the tension stamp and the lever element.