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1.发明授权Fiber optic rotation sensor utilizing a magnetic shield and an optical isolator 失效光纤旋转传感器采用磁屏蔽和光隔离器
公开(公告)号：US4671658A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-09
申请号：US319311
申请日：1981-11-09
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： A fiber optic rotation sensor, employing the Sagnac effect, comprises all fiber optic components, positioned along a continuous, uninterrupted strand of fiber optic material. The rotation sensor includes a detection system utilizing a modulator for phase modulating light waves which counterpropagate through a loop formed in the fiber optic strand. The modulator is operated at a specific frequency to eliminate amplitude modulation in the detected optical output signal. The rotation sensor is mounted in a .mu.-metal housing to shield it from the effects of ambient magnetic fields. An isolator is utilized to prevent the optical output signal from returning to the laser source. This advantageously reduces power losses in the system by eliminating the need for a coupler to couple the output signal to a detector.
摘要翻译： 使用Sagnac效应的光纤旋转传感器包括沿着连续的，不间断的光纤材料束定位的所有光纤部件。 旋转传感器包括利用调制器的检测系统，该调制器用于相位调制通过在光纤链中形成的环路而反向传播的光波。 调制器以特定频率工作，以消除所检测的光输出信号中的幅度调制。 旋转传感器安装在金属外壳中，以防止环境磁场的影响。 使用隔离器来防止光输出信号返回激光源。 这有利地通过消除对耦合器将输出信号耦合到检测器的需要来减少系统中的功率损耗。
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公开(公告)号：US4773759A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-27
申请号：US049805
申请日：1987-05-12
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： A fiber optic interferometer provides Kerr effect compensation by intensity modulating counterpropagating waves of unequal intensity such that the average value of the square of the intensity is equal to a constant times the average value of the intensity squared, the constant preferably being equal to about two. The intensity modulation may be achieved by using a modulator in combination with a light source or by using a source in which plural frequencies combine to provide the modulation.
摘要翻译： 光纤干涉仪通过强度调制不等强度的反向传播波提供克尔效应补偿，使得强度平方的平均值等于强度平方值的平均值的常数，该常数优选等于约2。 可以通过使用与光源组合的调制器或通过使用多个频率组合以提供调制的源来实现强度调制。
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公开(公告)号：US4410275A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-18
申请号：US249714
申请日：1981-03-31
CPC分类号： G01C19/64
摘要： Rotation sensor having a loop of fiber optic material in which counter propagating waves are generated with a phase relationship corresponding to the rate at which the loop is rotated. All fiber optic components are employed in the system for directing the light to and from the loop and establishing, maintaining and controlling proper polarization of the light. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the loop and other components are formed on a single strand of fiber optic material which extends continuously through the system.
摘要翻译： 旋转传感器具有光纤材料环，其中以相对于循环旋转速率的相位关系产生反向传播波。 系统中采用了所有光纤组件，用于将光引导到环路和从环路引导，并建立，维护和控制光的适当极化。 在一个特别优选的实施例中，环和其它部件形成在连续延伸通过系统的单根光纤材料上。
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公开(公告)号：US4493528A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-15
申请号：US139511
申请日：1980-04-11
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
CPC分类号： G02B6/3536 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/3594 , Y10S359/90
摘要： Apparatus and method of manufacture for coupling optical power between two strands of fiber optic material in a given direction of propagation. The coupler employs generally parallel, intersecting strands of fiber optic material having the cladding removed on one side thereof to within a few microns of the fiber cores in the region of intersection to permit light transfer between the strands.
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公开(公告)号：US4536058A
公开(公告)日：1985-08-20
申请号：US300955
申请日：1981-09-10
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
CPC分类号： G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A fiber optic directional coupler comprises a pair of bases, with respective longitudinal, arcuate grooves formed therein on confronting faces thereof, for mounting a pair of optical fibers in close proximity. A portion of the cladding is removed from each of the fibers to form planar facing surfaces which permits the spacing between the fiber cores to be within a predetermined critical zone so that guided modes of the fibers interact, through their evanescent fields, to cause light to be transferred by evanescent field coupling between the fibers. The coupler is "tuned" to a desired coupling efficiency by offsetting the planar facing surfaces to increase the spacing between the fiber cores. A method of manufacture of the coupler includes procedures which permit the coupler halves to be made symmetrical. The method also permits couplers having given coupling characteristics to be reproduced.
摘要翻译： 光纤定向耦合器包括一对基座，在其相对的表面上形成有各自的纵向弧形槽，用于将一对光纤安装在紧邻处。 从每个纤维中去除包层的一部分以形成平面相对表面，其允许纤维芯之间的间隔在预定的临界区内，使得纤维的引导模式通过它们的渐逝场相互作用，以使光线 通过纤维之间的ev逝场耦合传递。 耦合器通过抵消平面相对表面以增加光纤芯之间的间距而被“调谐”到期望的耦合效率。 耦合器的制造方法包括允许耦合器半部对称的过程。 该方法还允许具有给定耦合特性的耦合器被再现。
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公开(公告)号：US4603940A
公开(公告)日：1986-08-05
申请号：US527946
申请日：1983-08-30
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/28 , G02F1/17 , G02F1/19 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/0915 , H01S3/20 , H01S3/213 , G02B6/26 , G02B6/10 , G02B6/36
CPC分类号： G02B6/2821 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/20 , H01S3/213
摘要： A fiber optic amplifier as disclosed, comprised of a fiber optic, monomode waveguide which has a core and cladding. Part of the cladding over a predetermined region is removed and replaced by an active medium capable of absorbing light energy at a first wavelength and emitting light energy at a second wavelength. The active medium is a lasing dye which has an index of refraction adjusted to be slightly less than the index of refraction of the fiber core. The amount of cladding which is removed is adjusted such that a predetermined amount of penetration of the evanescent field from a pump light signal coupled into an end of the fiber penetrates the active medium. A probe signal to be amplified causes stimulated emission from the excited dye molecules by penetration of its evanescent field into the dye in the region where the cladding is removed.In the preferred embodiment a recirculating pump is used to circulate dye through a cavity which is placed over the portion of the fiber where the cladding is removed. The dye molecules in contact with the surface caused by removal of the cladding are continually changed. A temperature control unit maintains the temperature of the dye such that its index of refraction remains tuned to an amount just less than the index of refraction of the core.
摘要翻译： 公开的一种光纤放大器，包括具有芯和包层的光纤，单模波导。 除去预定区域上的部分包层，并用能够吸收第一波长的光能并以第二波长发射光能的活性介质代替。 活性介质是一种激光折射率，其折射率被调整为略小于纤维芯的折射率。 被去除的包层的量被调整为使得从耦合到纤维的端部的泵浦光信号中的消逝场的预定量的穿透穿透活性介质。 要被放大的探针信号通过在消除包层的区域中将其消逝场穿透到染料中，从而激发染料分子的受激发射。 在优选实施例中，循环泵用于使染料循环通过空腔，所述空腔放置在去除了包层的纤维部分上。 由去除包层引起的与表面接触的染料分子不断变化。 温度控制单元保持染料的温度，使得其折射率保持调谐到刚好小于芯的折射率的量。
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公开(公告)号：US4601541A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-22
申请号：US544079
申请日：1983-10-21
CPC分类号： G02B6/3502 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/3536 , G02B6/3594 , Y10S359/90
摘要： Apparatus and method of manufacture for coupling optical power between two strands of fiber optic material in a given direction of propagation. The coupler employs generally parallel, intersecting strands of fiber optic material having the cladding removed on one side thereof to within a few microns of the fiber cores in the region of intersection to permit light transfer between the strands.
摘要翻译： 用于在给定的传播方向上耦合光纤材料的两股之间的光功率的装置和方法。 耦合器通常使光纤材料平行且相交的光纤材料束，其在其一侧上被除去的包层在交叉区域内的纤维芯的几微米内，以允许光纤之间的光传输。
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公开(公告)号：US4560234A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-24
申请号：US523150
申请日：1983-08-15
CPC分类号： G02B6/3502 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2861 , G02B6/3588 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3578 , G02B6/3594
摘要： A pair of optical couplers are arranged in series with a pair of outputs from the first optical coupler supplying the pair of inputs to the second optical coupler. At least one of the optical fibers between the first and second couplers is arranged to have a variable length, said variation being at least one-half the wavelength of the light signal utilized within the system. When light is supplied to one input of the first coupler, this light can be switched selectively to either of the outputs of the second coupler by varying the length of one of the optical fibers between the couplers. Thus, a light signal supplied to either of the inputs of the first coupler can be selectively output at either of the outputs of the second coupler or can be made to alternate between these outputs in accordance with the length of the intervening optical fiber.
摘要翻译： 一对光耦合器与来自第一光耦合器的一对输出串联布置，将一对输入端提供给第二光耦合器。 第一和第二耦合器之间的光纤中的至少一个布置成具有可变长度，所述变化是系统内所使用的光信号的波长的至少一半。 当光被提供给第一耦合器的一个输入端时，该光可以通过改变耦合器之间的一根光纤的长度来选择性地切换到第二耦合器的输出端。 因此，提供给第一耦合器的任一输入端的光信号可以选择性地输出到第二耦合器的输出端，或者可以根据中间光纤的长度在这些输出端之间交替。
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公开(公告)号：US5546484A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US453540
申请日：1995-05-25
CPC分类号： G02B6/283
摘要： A fiber optic switch module that can be incorporated into switch designs characterized by negligible crosstalk. The switch module is capable of operation over two wavelength bands. A 2.times.2 switch module has an open or bar state in which polished portions of the fiber segments are separated from each other and a closed or cross state where the polished portions are in optical contact with each other. The module has arbitrarily low crosstalk in the bar state, but typically some crosstalk in the cross state. In one embodiment, the third port of a first 2.times.2 module is coupled to the first port a second 2.times.2 module while no connections are-made to the second ports of the modules or to the third port of the second module. Fiber parameters (core radius and numerical aperture) and fabrication parameters (radius of curvature of the fibers in the interaction region and minimum edge-to-edge spacing between the fiber cores) are chosen so that the switch module has high coupling ratio (close to unity) in two distinct wavelength bands.
摘要翻译： 光纤开关模块可以结合在开关设计中，其特征在于可忽略的串扰。 开关模块能够在两个波段上工作。 2×2开关模块具有打开状态或条状状态，其中光纤段的抛光部分彼此分离，并且抛光部分彼此光学接触的封闭或交叉状态。 该模块在条形状态下具有任意低的串扰，但通常在交叉状态下具有一些串扰。 在一个实施例中，第一2x2模块的第三端口耦合到第一端口第二2x2模块，而没有连接到模块的第二端口或第二模块的第三端口。 选择纤维参数（芯半径和数值孔径）和制造参数（纤维在相互作用区域中的曲率半径和最小边缘到边缘间距），以使开关模块具有高耦合比（接近于 统一）在两个不同的波段。
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公开(公告)号：US5082349A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US541091
申请日：1990-06-20
CPC分类号： G02F1/3775 , G02F1/0353
摘要： A mode converter comprises an a-axis LiNbO.sub.3 optical fiber exhibiting a ferroelectric bi-domain structure. The fiber is subject to an electrical field that induces a +.pi./2 phase retardation in one domain of the fiber and a -.pi./2 phase retardation in the other domain. A light signal launched in the fundamental mode of the fiber is converted into a light signal propagating in the second order mode. When the electrical field is selected so that the phase retardations are not multiples of .pi./2, the mode conversion is partial and the LiNbO.sub.3 fiber can operate as an optical switch or as an amplitude modulator. The mode converter can also be operated as a second harmonic generator. The fiber is heated to a phase matching temperature so that a signal launched in the fundamental mode of the fiber and at a frequency .omega. is converted to the second order mode at a frequency 2.omega.. The LiNbO.sub.3 fiber can also simultaneously operate as an optical switch and as a second harmonic generator. Other non-linear interactions are possible such as sum or difference frequency generation or parametric generation. The various embodiments of the present invention are reciprocal.
摘要翻译： 模式转换器包括呈现铁电双畴结构的a轴LiNbO 3光纤。 纤维经受电场，其在纤维的一个区域中引起+π/ 2相位延迟，并在另一个域中引起a-π/ 2相位延迟。 以光纤的基本模式发射的光信号被转换成以二阶模式传播的光信号。 当选择电场使得相位延迟不是pi / 2的倍数时，模式转换是部分的，并且LiNbO 3光纤可以作为光开关或调幅器工作。 模式转换器也可以作为二次谐波发生器运行。 将光纤加热到相位匹配温度，使得以光纤的基本模式发射的信号以频率ω被转换为频率为2ω的二阶模式。 LiNbO3光纤也可以作为光开关和二次谐波发生器同时工作。 其他非线性相互作用是可能的，例如和或差频产生或参数生成。 本发明的各种实施例是相互的。
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