Abstract:
An ignition system for post-mixed gas burner which achieves reliable ignition without requiring an expensive spark source protection device, or a means to promote fuel-oxidant mixing, or a large amount of electricity, or a separate pilot light.
Abstract:
A method for minimizing the amount of nitrogen oxide pollutants produced in a process for firing a furnace using oxygen or an oxygen-enriched gas as the oxidant, in which furnace gases are aspirated into the oxidant jet prior to combustion and in which the furnace is operated using alternating low firing rate and high firing rate periods, by delaying the injection of oxidant at the high rate at the start of the high firing rate period.
Abstract:
A method for generating seismic attribute gathers, the method including: computing, with a computer, seismic images with a field dataset; generating, with a computer, synthetic data corresponding to the seismic images; computing, with a computer, an attribute volume by applying an expectation method to the synthetic data; mapping, with a computer, the attribute volume to the seismic images; and generating, with a computer, seismic attribute gathers by stacking the seismic images mapped to the attribute volume.
Abstract:
A method, including: obtaining initial estimates of a plurality of subsurface parameters; obtaining a recorded wavefield decomposed into a plurality of discrete components; performing, with a computer, a cascaded inversion where the initial estimates of the subsurface parameters are individually updated, wherein each of the subsurface parameters are updated using a different discrete component of the recorded wavefield of the plurality of discrete components; and generating, with the computer, updated subsurface models from the cascaded inversion for each of the subsurface parameters.
Abstract:
Method for generating an effective, efficient, and stable absorbing boundary condition in finite-difference calculations, such as model-simulation of predicted seismic data. The top surface and optionally the bottom surface of the computational domain or grid are treated with one or more layers of PML (51), preferably 1D PML, assuming an orthorhombic medium in the PML implementation (52). The side surfaces are handled with one or more ABC layers (53). Further advantages may be realized by tapering earth model symmetry axis on the top and bottom of the model toward the vertical (54). The invention provides a beneficial compromise between reducing artifacts in the image or physical property model and computational efficiency and stability.
Abstract:
Method for converting seismic data to obtain a subsurface model of, for example, bulk modulus or density. The gradient of an objective function is computed (103) using the seismic data (101) and a background subsurface medium model (102). The source and receiver illuminations are computed in the background model (104). The seismic resolution volume is computed using the velocities of the background model (105). The gradient is converted into the difference subsurface model parameters (106) using the source and receiver illumination, seismic resolution volume, and the background subsurface model. These same factors may be used to compensate seismic data migrated by reverse time migration, which can then be related to a subsurface bulk modulus model. For iterative inversion, the difference subsurface model parameters (106) are used as preconditioned gradients (107).
Abstract:
A burner and combustion method employing oxygen or oxygen-enriched air as the oxidant comprising a low velocity oxidant stream in proximity to high velocity main oxidant within a combustion zone enabling efficient combustion with a stable flame at very high oxidant velocities.
Abstract:
In a carbon black manufacturing process in which a carbon black dryer is utilized to produce a product carbon black having a specified dryness, method and apparatus is provided for controlling the flow of fuel to the carbon black dryer so as to insure that the dryness of the carbon black product will meet predetermined specifications. Feedforward, predictive control of the flow rate of the fuel to the carbon black dryer is utilized to compensate for changes in the flow rate of wet carbon black or for changes in the moisture content of the wet carbon black. In this manner, the dryness of the carbon black product is maintained at a predetermined specification even though process variations may occur.
Abstract:
A portion of a stream obtained by the oxidation of an aryl tertiary alkane and containing primarily aralkyl tertiary monohydroperoxide, substantial amounts of aryl tertiary alkane, smaller amounts of keto aryl tertiary alkanols, aralkyl tertiary dialkanols and other by-products is subjected to a separation step wherein a fraction containing the greater part of the aryl tertiary alkane and at least some of the monohydroperoxide, and a fraction containing the keto aryl tertiary alkanol are separated from one another and the fraction containing the aryl tertiary alkane and the monohydroperoxide is returned to the oxidation reaction.
Abstract:
A method for designing 4-D seismic acquisition source and receiver repeatability specifications, the method including: locating, with a computer subsurface anomalies above a target reservoir zone from analysis of high-resolution reflectivity images for the target reservoir zone; determining, with a computer, how the anomalies above the target reservoir zone modify target illumination for variations in the 4-D seismic acquisition source and receiver positions; and determining, with a computer, repeatability specifications for a monitor seismic survey, wherein tolerances for the source or receiver positions varies across an acquisition area based on how the anomalies modify the target illumination.