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公开(公告)号：US4905206A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-27
申请号：US369656
申请日：1989-06-20
申请人： Hisashi Nishiyama , Kageyoshi Katakura , Toshio Ogawa , Satoshi Tamano , Koji Tanabe , Shizuo Ishikawa
发明人： Hisashi Nishiyama , Kageyoshi Katakura , Toshio Ogawa , Satoshi Tamano , Koji Tanabe , Shizuo Ishikawa
CPC分类号： G01F1/663 , G01S15/582 , G01S15/584
摘要： A flow meter, in which pulsed continuous ultrasonic wave is transmitted towards an object at predetermined intervals T to obtain a phase vector from a reception signal of wave reflected by the object and which calculates a Doppler frequency from the average value of phase differences between phase vectors at the sampling interval T to obtain a signal indicating the speed of the object, comprising a phase difference calculator by the auto-correlation method, by which a plurality of phase difference vectors indicating phase differences between phase vectors are added, the argument of the sum vector thus obtained representing the average phase difference, or a phase difference calculator by the 2-axial-component method, by which a phase difference is divided into 2 axial components, a cosine value and a sine value, and the average phase difference is obtained by using the average value for each of the components, and a phase difference calculator by the phase difference averaging calculator, by which a plurality of phase differences are added, as they are, to obtain the average thereof, in order to obtain a phase difference average value having small errors by switching them.
摘要翻译： 一种流量计，其中脉冲连续超声波以预定间隔T朝向物体传输，以从由物体反射的波的接收信号中获得相位矢量，并根据相位矢量之间的相位差的平均值计算多普勒频率 以采样间隔T，以获得指示对象速度的信号，包括通过自相关方法的相位差计算器，通过该相关方法将表示相位矢量之间的相位差的多个相位差矢量相加， 或通过2-轴分量法的相位差计算器，将相位差分成2个轴向分量，余弦值和正弦值，得到平均相位差 通过使用每个分量的平均值，以及通过相位差平均计算的相位差计算器 或者通过其相加多个相位差来获得其平均值，以便通过切换来获得具有较小误差的相位差平均值。
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公开(公告)号：US5246006A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-21
申请号：US781840
申请日：1991-10-24
申请人： Hiroshi Kanda , Shinichiro Umemura , Hisashi Nishiyama , Ryuichi Shinomura , Kageyoshi Katakura , Shizuo Ishikawa , Koji Tanabe , Satoshi Tamano
发明人： Hiroshi Kanda , Shinichiro Umemura , Hisashi Nishiyama , Ryuichi Shinomura , Kageyoshi Katakura , Shizuo Ishikawa , Koji Tanabe , Satoshi Tamano
CPC分类号： G01S15/8981 , A61B8/06 , A61B8/13 , G01P5/244 , G01S7/52071
摘要： An ultrasonic flow mapping apparatus transmits and reflects waves from sampling points on a two-dimensional cross-section. The waves are detected while transmitting repeatedly ultrasonic pulses. The phase shifts of different reflected waves are calculated, and displayed in color to show a distribution of blood flow velocity. Artifact due to reflected waves from body organs, which remain even by using MTI filters, is detected from phase signals, which have not passed through the MTI filters, and the artifact is removed by lowering display brightness for a sampling point corresponding to a relevant detection output.
摘要翻译： 超声流量测绘装置在二维横截面上从采样点发射和反射波。 在发送重复的超声波脉冲时检测波。 计算不同反射波的相移，并以彩色显示，以显示血流速度的分布。 从没有通过MTI滤波器的相位信号中检测出由于身体器官的反射波而产生的人造物体，甚至通过使用MTI滤波器仍然保持人造物，并且通过降低对应于相关检测的采样点的显示亮度来消除伪像 输出。
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公开(公告)号：US4884448A
公开(公告)日：1989-12-05
申请号：US230972
申请日：1988-08-11
CPC分类号： G01S15/582 , G01P5/244 , G01N2291/02836
摘要： A ultrasonic Doppler meter for measuring the speed of a moving body by measuring the phase shift due to the Doppler effect on received signals, comprising a transmitting/receiving unit transmitting ultrasonic bursts with a constant time interval towards the moving body and receiving reflected waves; a unit for measuring a phase difference vector representing a difference between phases of received signals corresponding to two successive transmitted pulses; a unit for calculating a difference between phase differences on the basis of two successive phase difference vectors stated above; and an accumulation unit for adding the difference between phase differences to a preceeding phase difference vector so as to obtain the speed of the moving object.
摘要翻译： 一种超声波多普勒测量仪，用于通过测量由于对接收信号的多普勒效应引起的相位偏移来测量移动体的速度，该发射/接收单元以恒定的时间间隔向移动体发射超声波脉冲并接收反射波; 用于测量表示对应于两个连续发送脉冲的接收信号的相位差之间的相位差矢量的单元; 基于上述两个连续的相位差矢量来计算相位差之差的单元; 以及累积单元，用于将相位差之间的差加到先前的相位差矢量上，以获得移动物体的速度。
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公开(公告)号：US4955386A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-11
申请号：US456608
申请日：1989-12-27
CPC分类号： G01S15/582 , G01P5/244 , G01S15/52 , G01S15/584
摘要： A pulse doppler apparatus transmits a ultrasonic sound wave at transmission intervals T and T+Ts alternately and iteratively, detects the phase difference attributable to the doppler shift in the reflected sound wave signal at the interval T and the phase difference in the reflected signal at the interval T+Ts sequentially, detects the difference between both phase differences, and transforms the difference into a doppler frequency. The apparatus includes an MTI filter which exerts the same filtering characteristics on the reflected sound signals at both intervals T and T+Ts.
摘要翻译： 脉冲多普勒装置以传输间隔T和T + Ts交替地和迭代地发送超声波，以间隔T检测归因于反射声波信号中的多普勒频移的相位差，以及反射信号中的相位差 间隔T + Ts顺序地检测两个相位差之间的差异，并将该差变换为多普勒频率。 该装置包括在间隔T和T + Ts处对反射声音信号施加相同滤波特性的MTI滤波器。
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公开(公告)号：US5111825A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-12
申请号：US609657
申请日：1990-11-06
CPC分类号： G01S15/582 , A61B8/06 , G01S15/584
摘要： A flow meter for detecting a flow speed in such a manner that an ultrasonic pulsed continuous wave is repeatedly transmitted toward an object at predetermined intervals T, a phase vector indicative of the phase of a reception signal due to the reflected wave is produced at the predetermined intervals, the phase difference between the present phase vector and the preceding phase vector is detected, and a Doppler frequency is calculated from the average value of a plurality of phase difference values to obtain the speed of the object. The phase difference values are classified into a first group consisting of position phase difference values and a second group consisting of negative phase difference values, the cosine and sine values of the central angle of the positive phase difference values and the cosine and sine values of the central angle of the negative phase difference values are calculated, and the argument of a vector indicated by the weighted sum of cosine values and the weighted sum of sine values is calculated to be used as an average phase angle.
摘要翻译： 一种用于以这样的方式检测流速的流量计，即超声波脉冲连续波以预定间隔T被重复地传送到物体，产生指示由于反射波引起的接收信号的相位的相位矢量， 检测当前相位矢量和前一相位矢量之间的相位差，并根据多个相位差值的平均值计算多普勒频率，以获得对象的速度。 相位差值被分为由位置相位差值组成的第一组和由负相位差值组成的第二组，正相位差的中心角的余弦和正弦值以及正相位差的余弦和正弦值 计算负相位差值的中心角，并且计算由余弦值的加权和指示的矢量的自变量和正弦值的加权和，以用作平均相位角。
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公开(公告)号：US4751847A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-21
申请号：US5900
申请日：1987-01-22
CPC分类号： G01S7/52085 , G01S15/582
摘要： A phase difference comparison type of ultrasonic velocity meter repeatingly transmitting acoustic waves in the form of pulses at alternate time intervals: T-T.sub.S and T+T.sub.S, receiving reflected waves generated by the transmission of these waves and reflected on an object, forming first and second mixed waves by mixing the reception signal obtained from the reflected waves with two reference waves having phases shifted 90 degrees from each other, detecting the phase difference between the present vectors representing the first and second mixed waves and similar vectors which have been obtained with respect to the preceding pulse transmission, detecting the phase difference Q between the phase difference caused in relation to the time interval T-T.sub.S and the phase difference caused in relation to the time interval T+T.sub.S with respect to a phase difference obtained each time a pulse is transmitted, and calculating the Droppler shift angle frequency .omega.d from .omega.d=Q/2T.sub.S.
摘要翻译： 超声波速度计的相位差比较类型以交替的时间间隔重复地以脉冲形式发射声波：T-TS和T + TS，接收由这些波的传播产生并反射在物体上的反射波，形成第一和 通过将从反射波获得的接收信号与具有相位偏移90度的相位的两个参考波混合来检测表示第一和第二混合波的当前矢量之间的相位差以及相对于已经获得的相似矢量的第二混合波 检测相对于时间间隔T-TS引起的相位差与相对于时间间隔T + TS的相位差相对于每次获得的相位差产生的相位差的相位差Q 并且从ωd = Q / 2TS计算滴管移位角频率ωd。
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公开(公告)号：US5107466A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-21
申请号：US611541
申请日：1990-11-13
CPC分类号： G01F1/663 , G01P5/244 , G01S15/582 , G01S15/584
摘要： A flow meter for detecting the average speed of an object in such a manner that an ultrasonic pulsed continuous wave is repeatedly transmitted toward the object to obtain a phase vector from the reception signal of the wave reflected from the object, the phase difference between consecutive ones of phase vectors obtained at an interval T equal to the period of transmitted wave is detected, a plurality of phase difference values are added and averaged to obtain an average phase difference value, and a Doppler frequency is calculated from the average phase difference value to obtain the average speed of the object, in which in order to remove an error caused by aliasing of an angle in the course of the arithmetic operation for obtaining the average phase difference value, a plurality of presumed average phase difference values having the error are calculated from the average phase difference value, the difference between the change of a phase caused by adding the phase difference values successively and the change of phase based upon each of the presumed average phase difference values is estimated to select the most appropriate one of the presumed average phase difference values, and the selected average phase difference value is used as a corrected average phase difference value.
摘要翻译： 一种用于检测物体的平均速度的流量计，使得超声波脉冲连续波从物体反射的反射的接收信号中朝向物体反复传送，得到相位矢量，连续的相位差之间的相位差 检测以等于发送波周期的间隔T获得的相位矢量，将多个相位差相加并平均以获得平均相位差值，并根据平均相位差值计算多普勒频率，以获得 为了消除在用于获得平均相位差值的算术运算过程中由角度的混叠引起的误差，物体的平均速度，具有误差的多个推定平均相位差值由 平均相位差值，通过相加差相加引起的相位变化之间的差异 估计基于每个推定的平均相位差值的相位变化，以选择假定的平均相位差值中最合适的一个，并且将所选择的平均相位差值用作校正的平均相位差值。
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公开(公告)号：US4995397A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-26
申请号：US413060
申请日：1989-09-27
CPC分类号： G01P5/244 , G01S15/52 , G01S15/582 , G01S15/584
摘要： In a pulse Doppler flow speed meter in which ultrasonic wave pulses are transmitted repetitively at transmission intervals T and thereafter transmitted repetitively at transmission intervals (T+Ts), phases of reflected waves due to reflection of individual transmission pulses are measured sequentially to provide phase signals and the phase signals are subjected to frequency analysis to determine speed distributions, distributions of phase differences between phase signals corresponding to transmission pulses transmitted at the transmission intervals T and distributions of phase differences between phase signals corresponding to transmission pulses transmitted at the transmission intervals (T+Ts) are determined. A value of center of gravity of the former phase difference distributions and a value of center of gravity of the latter phase difference distributions are determined and then a phase difference between the two values of center of gravity is determined. Obtained from the phase difference are values of Doppler shift angle, according to which the former and latter phase difference distributions are shifted so as to be compensated for their aliasing.
摘要翻译： 在脉冲多普勒流速计中，以传输间隔T重复地发送超声波脉冲，然后以传输间隔（T + Ts）重复地发射，顺序地测量由各个传输脉冲的反射引起的反射波相位，以提供相位信号 并对相位信号进行频率分析，以确定速度分布，对应于在传输间隔T发送的传输脉冲的相位信号之间的相位差的分布，以及对应于以传输间隔（T）发送的传输脉冲的相位信号之间的相位差的分布 + Ts）。 确定前一相位差分布的重心值和后一相位差分布的重心值，然后确定两个重心值之间的相位差。 从相位差中获得的是多普勒频移角的值，根据该值，前者和后面的相位差分布被移位以便对其混叠进行补偿。
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公开(公告)号：US5109858A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-05
申请号：US650421
申请日：1991-02-04
CPC分类号： G01S15/52 , G01S15/582 , G01S15/584
摘要： The present invention relates to a pulse Doppler measuring apparatus using the so-called acceleration method. In order to prevent production of a secondary aliasing (where a phase vector is subjected to an aliasing), the apparatus is provided with an MTI filter, which decomposes a first phase vector of a reflected wave obtained by mixing a reflection signal with a reference signal into a real part and an imaginary part, obtains a first regression line for variations of each of the parts and extracts a second phase vector corresponding only to the high frequency component of the reflected wave by calculating differences of the real part and the imaginary part from the first regression line; and/or an angular component .DELTA..theta. of the phase difference vector is obtained; a second regression line is obtained for this phase difference angle .DELTA..theta.; and the phase difference angle .DELTA..theta. is corrected by using this second regression line, to prevent the production of a secondary aliasing.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及使用所谓的加速法的脉冲多普勒测量装置。 为了防止产生二次混叠（其中相位矢量经历混叠），该装置设置有MTI滤波器，其分解通过将反射信号与参考信号混合而获得的反射波的第一相位矢量 获得用于各部分的变化的第一回归线，并且通过计算实部和虚部的差异来提取仅对应于反射波的高频分量的第二相位矢量 第一回归线 和/或相位差矢量的角分量DELTAθ; 对于该相位差角度ΔTATA获得第二回归线; 并且通过使用该第二回归线来校正相位差角度ΔTATA，以防止二次混叠的产生。
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公开(公告)号：US5070230A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-03
申请号：US501867
申请日：1990-03-29
申请人： Koichi Osada , Hisashi Nishiyama , Akira Hirano
发明人： Koichi Osada , Hisashi Nishiyama , Akira Hirano
CPC分类号： H05B3/86 , B32B17/10036 , B32B17/10174 , B32B17/10761 , H05B2203/013
摘要： An electrically heatable windshield comprises two glass plates bonded to each other with an interlayer therebetween and a transparent conductive layer formed at contacting surface between one of the glass plates and the interlayer so that the windshield is heated by supplying a current to the transparent conductive layer through a bus bar for feeding power. A colored layer such as a ceramic color print is formed at the peripheral portion of the surface, in contact with the interlayer, of at least one of the glass plates. The bus bar is formed on the colored layer without expanding. A transparent protective layer is formed so as to cover the edge portion of the colored layer which is near the center of the glass plates, and the transparent conductive layer is formed over the transparent protective layer.
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