公开(公告)号：US06664543B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-16

申请号：US10058568

申请日：2002-01-28

申请人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  John W. Young ,  Mark Musrock

发明人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  John W. Young ,  Mark Musrock

IPC分类号： G01T120

CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 ,  A61B6/037

摘要： An apparatus and method for determining the total energy of a continuously under-sampled energy signal resulting from an annihilation event detected by a positron emission tomograph (PET) scanner. An annihilation event is detected by a scintillator crystal and photomultiplier tube, which produces an energy signal that is continuously under-sampled by an analog-to-digital converter. The start time of the energy signal is determined by a constant fraction discriminator and time-to-digital converter. The start time is used to calculate a new amplitude for each sample, from which the total energy can be calculated.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定由正电子发射断层扫描仪（PET）扫描仪检测的湮灭事件产生的连续欠采样能量信号的总能量的装置和方法。 湮灭事件由闪烁体晶体和光电倍增管检测，其产生由模数转换器连续欠采样的能量信号。 能量信号的开始时间由恒定分数鉴别器和时间 - 数字转换器确定。 开始时间用于计算每个样本的新幅度，从中可以计算总能量。

公开(公告)号：US06297506B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-02

申请号：US09533714

申请日：2000-03-23

申请人： John W. Young ,  J. Clifton Moyers

发明人： John W. Young ,  J. Clifton Moyers

IPC分类号： G01T1208

CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/17 ,  G01T1/2008

摘要： A system and method of reducing pile-up errors in multi-crystal tomography applications. In a system with multi-crystal gamma ray detectors having scintillating crystals with different decay constants, the problem of signal pile-up is avoided by taking energy samples during a fast integration time and stopping the integration process if the sampling indicates that the event occurred in the crystal with the faster decay time, and continuing the integration process if the sampling indicates that the event occurred in the crystal with the slower decay time.

摘要翻译： 一种降低多晶层析成像应用中堆积误差的方法。 在具有具有不同衰减常数的闪烁晶体的多晶γ射线检测器的系统中，通过在快速积分时间内获取能量样本并且如果采样指示事件发生在该步骤中则停止积分处理来避免信号堆积的问题 晶体具有更快的衰减时间，并且如果采样指示事件发生在具有较慢衰减时间的晶体中，则继续积分处理。

公开(公告)号：US07157014B1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-02

申请号：US10693116

申请日：2003-10-24

申请人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Keith Vaigneur

发明人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Keith Vaigneur

IPC分类号： B29D11/00

CPC分类号： B29D11/0074 ,  G01T1/202

摘要： A method for producing a high resolution detector array so as to provide very high packing fraction, i.e. the distance between scintillator elements is minimized so the detector efficiency will be higher than is currently achievable. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fabrication methodology is enhanced by handling scintillator bars rather than single crystals when gluing on an optical film as well as polishing the scintillator. Namely, a scintillator boule is cut into wide bars of a selected dimension, for example 30 mm, which are then acid etched or mechanically polished. A selected number, N, of these scintillator bars can then be glued together with sheets of optical film between each bar (coating the scintillator disks and optical film with an adhesive of a selected index of refraction). The glued bar block is then cut again into bars in a perpendicular direction, and these new scintillator-optical film bars are polished. Finally, a selected number, M, of these scintillator-optical film bars are glued together with sheets of optical film between each bar; thus creating a polished N×M scintillator-optical film array, (where M may or may not be equal to N), without having to handle individual scintillator crystals or small pieces of optical film.

摘要翻译： 用于产生高分辨率检测器阵列以提供非常高的填充分数的方法，即闪烁体元件之间的距离被最小化，因此检测器效率将高于目前可实现的。 在本发明的优选实施例中，通过在胶合在光学膜上以及抛光闪烁体时处理闪烁体棒而不是单晶来增强制造方法。 也就是说，将闪烁体棒切割成选定尺寸的宽条，例如30mm，然后进行酸蚀或机械抛光。 然后可以将这些闪烁棒的所选数量N与每个条之间的光学膜胶合在一起（用所选择的折射率的粘合剂涂覆闪烁体盘和光学膜）。 然后将胶合棒块沿垂直方向再次切割成棒，并且这些新的闪烁体 - 光学薄膜棒被抛光。 最后，将这些闪烁体 - 光学薄膜条的选定数量M与每个条之间的光学薄膜胶合在一起; 从而产生抛光的NxM闪烁体 - 光学膜阵列（其中M可以或不等于N），而不必处理单个闪烁体晶体或小片光学膜。

公开(公告)号：US07244942B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-17

申请号：US10867616

申请日：2004-06-15

申请人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Keith Vaigneur

发明人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Keith Vaigneur

IPC分类号： G01T1/24

CPC分类号： G01T1/2002 ,  G01T1/202

摘要： A method for producing a high resolution detector array so as to provide very high packing fraction, i.e., the distance between scintillator elements is minimized so the detector efficiency will be higher than is currently achievable. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fabrication methodology is enhanced by handling LSO bars rather than single crystals when gluing on the Lumirror® as well as etching the LSO. Namely, an LSO boule is cut into wide bars of a selected dimension, for example 30 mm, which are then acid etched or mechanically polished. A selected number, N, of these LSO bars can then be glued together with Lumirror® sheets between each bar (coating the LSO disks and Lumirror® sheets with Epotek 301-2). The glued bar block is then cut again into bars in a perpendicular direction, and these new LSO-Lumirror® bars are etched. Finally, a selected number, M, of these LSO-Lumirror® bars are glued together with Lumirror® sheets between each bar; thus creating an etched N×M LSO-Lumirror® array, (where M may or may not be equal to N), without having to handle individual LSO crystals or small Lumirror® pieces.

摘要翻译： 用于产生高分辨率检测器阵列以提供非常高的填充率，即闪烁体元件之间的距离的方法被最小化，因此检测器效率将高于目前可实现的。 在本发明的优选实施例中，通过在胶合在Lumirror上以及蚀刻LSO时，通过处理LSO条而不是单晶来增强制造方法。 也就是说，将LSO毛坯切成选定尺寸的宽条，例如30mm，然后进行酸蚀或机械抛光。 然后可以将这些LSO条的所选数量N，与每个条之间的Lumirror（Epotek 301-2涂覆LSO盘和Lumirror纸）粘合在一起。 然后将胶合棒块沿垂直方向再次切成杆，并且蚀刻这些新的LSO-Lumirror（R）棒。 最后，将这些LSO-Lumirror（R）棒的选定数量M与在每个条之间的Lumirror胶合在一起; 从而产生蚀刻的NxM LSO-Lumirror阵列（其中M可以或可以不等于N），而不必处理单独的LSO晶体或小的Lumirror（R）片。

公开(公告)号：US06749761B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-15

申请号：US09972339

申请日：2001-10-05

申请人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Keith Valgneur

发明人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Keith Valgneur

IPC分类号： B29D1100

CPC分类号： G01T1/2002 ,  G01T1/202

摘要： A method for producing a high resolution detector array so as to provide very high packing fraction, i.e. the distance between scintillator elements is minimized so the detector efficiency will be higher than is currently achievable. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fabrication methodology is enhanced by handling LSO bars rather than single crystals when gluing on the Lumirror® as well as etching the LSO. Namely, an LSO boule is cut into wide bars of a selected dimension, for example 30 mm, which are then acid etched or mechanically polished. A selected number, N, of these LSO bars can then be glued together with Lumirror® sheets between each bar (coating the LSO disks and Lumirror® sheets with Epotek 301-2). The glued bar block is then cut again into bars in a perpendicular direction, and these new LSO-Lumirror® bars are etched. Finally, a selected number, M, of these LSO-Lumirror® bars are glued together with Lumirror® sheets between each bar; thus creating an etched N×M LSO-Lumirror® array, (where M may or may not be equal to N), without having to handle individual LSO crystals or small Lumirror® pieces.

摘要翻译： 用于产生高分辨率检测器阵列以提供非常高的填充分数的方法，即闪烁体元件之间的距离被最小化，因此检测器效率将高于目前可实现的。 在本发明的优选实施例中，通过在胶合在Lumirror上以及蚀刻LSO时，通过处理LSO条而不是单晶来增强制造方法。 也就是说，将LSO毛坯切成选定尺寸的宽条，例如30mm，然后进行酸蚀或机械抛光。 然后可以将这些LSO条的所选数量N，与每个条之间的Lumirror（Epotek 301-2涂覆LSO盘和Lumirror纸）粘合在一起。 然后将胶合棒块沿垂直方向再次切成杆，并且蚀刻这些新的LSO-Lumirror（R）棒。 最后，将这些LSO-Lumirror（R）棒的选定数量M与在每个条之间的Lumirror胶合在一起; 从而产生蚀刻的NxM LSO-Lumirror阵列（其中M可以或可以不等于N），而不必处理单独的LSO晶体或小的Lumirror（R）片。

公开(公告)号：US5296708A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-22

申请号：US37303

申请日：1993-03-26

申请人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt

发明人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/2985

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form a 3-D image with a point source of radiation, such as required in tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of each detector of the tomograph units. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system. The method and apparatus are illustrated as being applied to a positron emission tomograph units.

摘要翻译： 一种用于产生放射性透射测量以形成具有放射源点的3-D图像的方法和装置，例如在层析成像应用中所需要的。 这涉及点源的接近于断层摄影单元的每个检测器的面。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的运输流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的管道快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算位于层析成像仪内的体内的透射测量值 扫描仪实现。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。 该方法和装置被示出为应用于正电子发射断层摄影单元。

公开(公告)号：US06329657B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

申请号：US09070951

申请日：1998-05-01

申请人： Charles C. Watson ,  Ronald Nutt ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Michael E. Casey ,  William F. Jones

发明人： Charles C. Watson ,  Ronald Nutt ,  J. Clifton Moyers ,  Michael E. Casey ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1163

CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 ,  A61B6/037

摘要： A coincidence transmission source serves to detect coincident activity from a radiation source. The coincidence transmission source includes a detector dedicated to collecting attenuation data. A collimated radiation source and a detector are positioned with respect to a tomography device such that only a selected strip of the imaging detector of the tomograph is illuminated such that events unrelated to the attenuation are eliminated. The coincidence transmission source includes a collimator in which is disposed a radiation source. An opening is defined by the collimator for exposing a selected portion of the imaging detectors of the tomograph device. Positioned behind the radiation source, relative to the imaging detectors, is the dedicated attenuation detector. The attenuation detector and collimator are designed to illuminate only a strip of the imaging detector, thereby eliminating events not of interest in the attenuation measurement. In a dual head tomograph device, one coincidence transmission source of the present invention is disposed opposite each bank of imaging detectors. The sources and the associated collimators are positioned to the side of each head at a slight angle relative to the respective head. The sources and detectors are fixed relative to the imaging heads. In order to obtain full coverage of the field of view (FOV) in the same manner as for an emission scan, the heads and sources are rotated about the center of the camera.

摘要翻译： 符合传输源用于检测来自辐射源的重合活动。 重合传输源包括专用于收集衰减数据的检测器。 准直辐射源和检测器相对于断层摄影装置定位，使得只有层析成像仪的成像检测器的选定条带被照亮，从而消除与衰减无关的事件。 重合传输源包括其中设置有辐射源的准直仪。 由准直器限定开口以暴露层析成像装置的成像检测器的选定部分。 相对于成像检测器定位在辐射源之后，是专用的衰减检测器。 衰减检测器和准直器被设计为仅照射成像检测器的条带，从而消除衰减测量中不感兴趣的事件。 在双头断层摄影装置中，本发明的一个重合传播源与每一组成像检测器相对设置。 源和相关联的准直仪相对于相应的头部以相当小的角度定位在每个头部的侧面。 源和检测器相对于成像头是固定的。 为了以与发射扫描相同的方式获得视场（FOV）的全面覆盖，头部和源围绕照相机的中心旋转。

公开(公告)号：US5750991A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-12

申请号：US563268

申请日：1995-11-27

申请人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

发明人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/1615 ,  G01T1/2985

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form multi-dimensional attenuation correction data with a point source of radiation, such as required in positron emission tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of a selected each of the tomograph units for the formation of a 3-D image, or a selected portion of the tomograph units for a 2-D image. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation, in one embodiment, is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system. In another embodiment, the point source is a CT device.

摘要翻译： 用于产生放射性透射测量以用诸如正电子发射断层摄影应用中所需的点辐射源形成多维衰减校正数据的方法和装置。 这涉及到靠近所选择的每个断层摄影单元的面的点源，以形成3-D图像，或者用于2-D图像的所选断面图像单元的部分。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 在一个实施例中，该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的输送流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的导管快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算在 实现了位于层析扫描仪内的身体。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。 在另一个实施例中，点源是CT装置。

公开(公告)号：US5471061A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-28

申请号：US210960

申请日：1994-03-21

申请人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

发明人： J. Clifton Moyers ,  Ronald Nutt ,  William F. Jones

IPC分类号： G01T1/29 ,  G01T1/161

CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/2985

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form a 2-D or a 3-D image with a point source of radiation, such as required in positron emission tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of a selected each of the tomograph units for the formation of a 3-D image, or a selected portion of the tomograph units for a 2-D image. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system.

摘要翻译： 用于产生放射性透射测量以形成具有点辐射源的2-D或3-D图像的方法和装置，例如正电子发射断层摄影应用中所需的。 这涉及到靠近所选择的每个断层摄影单元的面的点源，以形成3-D图像，或者用于2-D图像的所选断面图像单元的部分。 因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。 该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的运输流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的管道快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算位于层析成像仪内的体内的透射测量值 扫描仪实现。 当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。 输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。 位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。 断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。