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公开(公告)号：US4858441A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-22
申请号：US147126
申请日：1988-01-21
CPC分类号： F02G1/0445 , F03G7/002 , F25B9/145 , F02G2243/52 , F02G2250/18 , F25B2309/1403 , F25B2309/1407 , F25B2309/1416
摘要： A heat-driven acoustic cooling engine having no moving parts receives heat from a heat source. The acoustic cooling engine comprises an elongated resonant pressure vessel having first and second ends. A compressible fluid having a substantial thermal expansion coefficient and capable of supporting an acoustic standing wave is contained in the resonant pressure vessel. The heat source supplies heat to the first end of the vessel. A first heat exchanger in the vessel is spaced-apart from the first end and receives heat from the first end. A first thermodynamic element is adjacent to the first heat exchanger and converts some of the heat transmitted by the first heat exchanger into acoustic power. A second thermodynamic element has a first end located spaced-apart from the first thermodynamic element and a second end farther away from the first thermodynamic element than is its first end. The first end of the second thermodynamic element heats while its second end cools as a consequence of the acoustic power. A second heat exchanger is adjacent to and between the first and second thermodynamic elements. A heat sink outside of the vessel is thermally coupled to and receives heat from the second heat exchanger. The resonant pressure vessel can include a housing less than one-fourth wavelength in length coupled to a reservoir. The housing can include a reduced diameter portion communicating with the reservoir.
摘要翻译： 没有移动部件的热驱动声冷却发动机从热源接收热量。 声学冷却发动机包括具有第一和第二端的细长谐振压力容器。 在共振压力容器中包含具有实质的热膨胀系数且能够支撑声驻波的可压缩流体。 热源将热量提供给容器的第一端。 容器中的第一热交换器与第一端间隔开并且从第一端接收热量。 第一热力学元件与第一热交换器相邻，并将由第一热交换器传输的一些热量转换成声功率。 第二热力学元件具有与第一热力学元件间隔开的第一端和远离第一热力学元件的第二端远离其第一端。 第二热力学元件的第一端加热，而其第二端作为声功率的结果而冷却。 第二热交换器与第一和第二热力学元件相邻并且位于第一和第二热力学元件之间。 容器外部的散热器热耦合到第二热交换器并从第二热交换器接收热量。 谐振压力容器可以包括耦合到储存器的长度小于四分之一波长的壳体。 壳体可以包括与储存器连通的直径减小的部分。
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公开(公告)号：US4722201A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-02
申请号：US942049
申请日：1986-12-16
CPC分类号： F25B9/145 , F02G2243/52 , F25B2309/1404 , F25B2309/1407 , F25B2309/1416
摘要： An acoustic cooling engine with improved thermal performance and reduced internal losses comprises a compressible fluid contained in a resonant pressure vessel. The fluid has a substantial thermal expansion coefficient and is capable of supporting an acoustic standing wave. A thermodynamic element has first and second ends and is located in the resonant pressure vessel in thermal communication with the fluid. The thermal response of the thermodynamic element to the acoustic standing wave pumps heat from the second end to the first end. The thermodynamic element permits substantial flow of the fluid through the thermodynamic element. An acoustic driver cyclically drives the fluid with an acoustic standing wave. The driver is at a location of maximum acoustic impedance in the resonant pressure vessel and proximate the first end of the thermodynamic element. A hot heat exchanger is adjacent to and in thermal communication with the first end of the thermodynamic element. The hot heat exchanger conducts heat from the first end to portions of the resonant pressure vessel proximate the hot heat exchanger. The hot heat exchanger permits substantial flow of the fluid through the hot heat exchanger. The resonant pressure vessel can include a housing less than one quarter wavelength in length coupled to a reservoir. The housing can include a reduced diameter portion communicating with the reservoir. The frequency of the acoustic driver can be continuously controlled so as to maintain resonance.
摘要翻译： 具有改进的热性能和减少的内部损耗的声学冷却发动机包括容纳在共振压力容器中的可压缩流体。 该流体具有相当大的热膨胀系数并且能够支持声驻波。 热力学元件具有第一和第二端并且位于与流体热连通的谐振压力容器中。 热力学元件对声驻波的热响应将热量从第二端泵送到第一端。 热力学元件允许流体通过热力学元件的大量流动。 声学驱动器循环地驱动具有声驻波的流体。 驱动器位于谐振压力容器中并且靠近热力学元件的第一端处的最大声阻抗的位置。 热交换器与热力学元件的第一端相邻并与其热连通。 热交换器将热量从第一端传导到靠近热交换器的共振压力容器的部分。 热交换器允许流体大量流过热交换器。 共振压力容器可以包括耦合到储存器的长度小于四分之一波长长度的壳体。 壳体可以包括与储存器连通的直径减小的部分。 可以连续地控制声学驱动器的频率以便保持谐振。
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公开(公告)号：US4538464A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-03
申请号：US539013
申请日：1983-10-04
CPC分类号： G01H3/10
摘要： A method for determining reactive acoustic power density level and its direction in a fluid using a single sensor is disclosed. In the preferred embodiment, an apparatus for conducting the method, which is termed a thermoacoustic couple, consists of a stack of thin, spaced apart polymeric plates, selected ones of which include multiple bimetallic thermocouple junctions positioned along opposite end edges thereof. The thermocouple junctions are connected in series in the nature of a thermopile, and are arranged so as to be responsive to small temperature differences between the opposite edges of the plates. The magnitude of the temperature difference, as represented by the magnitude of the electrical potential difference generated by the thermopile, is found to be directly related to the level of acoustic power density in the gas.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用单个传感器确定流体中的反应声功率密度水平及其方向的方法。 在优选实施例中，用于进行该方法的装置（被称为热声耦合）由薄的间隔开的聚合物板组成，其选定的一个包括沿其相对端边缘定位的多个双金属热电偶结。 热电偶的热电偶接头串联连接，并且被布置成响应于板的相对边缘之间的较小的温差。 发现由热电堆产生的电位差大小所表示的温度差的大小与气体中声功率密度的水平直接相关。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4516632A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-14
申请号：US413635
申请日：1982-08-31
CPC分类号： F28D9/0075 , F28F2260/02 , Y10S366/03
摘要： A microchannel crossflow fluid heat exchanger and a method for its fabrication are disclosed. The heat exchanger is formed from a stack of thin metal sheets which are bonded together. The stack consists of alternating slotted and unslotted sheets. Each of the slotted sheets includes multiple parallel slots which form fluid flow channels when sandwiched between the unslotted sheets. Successive slotted sheets in the stack are rotated ninety degrees with respect to one another so as to form two sets of orthogonally extending fluid flow channels which are arranged in a crossflow configuration. The heat exchanger has a high surface to volume ratio, a small dead volume, a high heat transfer coefficient, and is suitable for use with fluids under high pressures. The heat exchanger has particular application in a Stirling engine that utilizes a liquid as the working substance.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种微通道横流流体热交换器及其制造方法。 热交换器由粘合在一起的薄金属片堆叠形成。 堆叠由交替的开槽和未打印的纸张组成。 每个开槽片包括多个平行的狭槽，当夹在未打印的片材之间时形成流体流动通道。 堆叠中的连续的开槽片材相对于彼此旋转90度，以便形成两组正交延伸的流体流动通道，这些流体流动通道以横向流动的形式布置。 热交换器具有高的体积比，小的死体积，高的传热系数，并且适用于高压下的流体。 热交换器特别适用于采用液体作为工作物质的斯特林发动机。
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公开(公告)号：US4599551A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-08
申请号：US672228
申请日：1984-11-16
IPC分类号： H02K44/08
CPC分类号： H02K44/085
摘要： A thermoacoustic magnetohydrodynamic electrical generator includes an intrinsically irreversible thermoacoustic heat engine coupled to a magnetohydrodynamic electrical generator. The heat engine includes an electrically conductive liquid metal as the working fluid and includes two heat exchange and thermoacoustic structure assemblies which drive the liquid in a push-pull arrangement to cause the liquid metal to oscillate at a resonant acoustic frequency on the order of 1,000 Hz. The engine is positioned in the field of a magnet and is oriented such that the liquid metal oscillates in a direction orthogonal to the field of the magnet, whereby an alternating electrical potential is generated in the liquid metal. Low-loss, low-inductance electrical conductors electrically connected to opposite sides of the liquid metal conduct an output signal to a transformer adapted to convert the low-voltage, high-current output signal to a more usable higher voltage, lower current signal.
摘要翻译： 热声磁流体动力发电机包括耦合到磁流体动力发电机的本征不可逆热声热发动机。 热引擎包括作为工作流体的导电液体金属，并且包括两个热交换和热声结构组件，其以推挽装置驱动液体，以使液体金属以大约1000Hz的谐振频率振荡 。 发动机定位在磁体的磁场中并且被定向为使得液态金属在与磁体的磁场正交的方向上振荡，从而在液态金属中产生交替电位。 电连接到液态金属的相对侧的低损耗低电感电导体将输出信号传导到适于将低电压，高电流输出信号转换成更可用的较高电压，较低电流信号的变压器。
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公开(公告)号：US4489553A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-25
申请号：US445650
申请日：1982-11-30
CPC分类号： F25B9/145 , F02G1/043 , F25B29/00 , F25B9/14 , F02G2243/52 , F05C2225/08 , F25B2309/003 , F25B2309/1404 , F25B2309/1407 , F25B2309/1408 , F25B2309/1413 , F25B2309/1416 , F25B2309/1417 , F25B2309/1419
摘要： A class of heat engines based on an intrinsically irreversible heat transfer process is disclosed. In a typical embodiment the engine comprises a compressible fluid that is cyclically compressed and expanded while at the same time being driven in reciprocal motion by a positive displacement drive means. A second thermodynamic medium is maintained in imperfect thermal contact with the fluid and bears a broken thermodynamic symmetry with respect to the fluid. the second thermodynamic medium is a structure adapted to have a low fluid flow impedance with respect to the compressible fluid, and which is further adapted to be in only moderate thermal contact with the fluid. In operation, thermal energy is pumped along the second medium due to a phase lag between the cyclical heating and cooling of the fluid and the resulting heat conduction between the fluid and the medium. In a preferred embodiment the engine comprises an acoustical drive and a housing containing a gas which is driven at a resonant frequency so as to be maintained in a standing wave. Operation of the engine at acoustic frequencies improves the power density and coefficient of performance. The second thermodynamic medium can be coupled to suitable heat exchangers to utilize the engine as a simple refrigeration device having no mechanical moving parts. Alternatively, the engine is reversible in function so as to be utilizable as a prime mover by coupling it to suitable sources and sinks of heat.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种基于本质上不可逆的传热过程的热机。 在典型的实施例中，发动机包括循环压缩和膨胀的可压缩流体，同时通过正位移驱动装置以往复运动驱动。 第二热力学介质保持与流体的不完全热接触并且相对于流体具有破裂的热力学对称性。 第二热力学介质是适于相对于可压缩流体具有低流体阻力的结构，并且还适于仅与流体进行温和的热接触。 在操作中，由于流体的循环加热和冷却之间的相位滞后以及所导致的流体和介质之间的热传导，热能被沿着第二介质泵送。 在优选实施例中，发动机包括声驱动器和容纳以共振频率驱动以保持在驻波中的气体的壳体。 发动机在声频下的运行提高了功率密度和性能系数。 第二热力学介质可以耦合到合适的热交换器，以将发动机用作没有机械运动部件的简单制冷装置。 或者，发动机的功能是可逆的，以便可以通过将发动机耦合到合适的热源和水槽来作为原动机。
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公开(公告)号：US4398398A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-16
申请号：US292979
申请日：1981-08-14
CPC分类号： F25B9/145 , F02G1/043 , F25B29/00 , F25B9/14 , F02G2243/52 , F05C2225/08 , F25B2309/1404 , F25B2309/1408 , F25B2309/1416
摘要： The disclosure is directed to an acoustical heat pumping engine without moving seals. A tubular housing holds a compressible fluid capable of supporting an acoustical standing wave. An acoustical driver is disposed at one end of the housing and the other end is capped. A second thermodynamic medium is disposed in the housing near to but spaced from the capped end. Heat is pumped along the second thermodynamic medium toward the capped end as a consequence both of the pressure oscillation due to the driver and imperfect thermal contact between the fluid and the second thermodynamic medium.
摘要翻译： 本公开涉及一种没有移动密封件的声学热泵发动机。 管状壳体容纳能够支持声驻波的可压缩流体。 声学驱动器设置在壳体的一端并且另一端被盖住。 第二热力学介质设置在壳体中靠近但与封盖端相隔离的位置。 热量沿着第二热力学介质被泵送到封盖端，结果是由于驱动器引起的压力振荡和流体与第二热力学介质之间的不完全的热接触。
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公开(公告)号：US4353218A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-12
申请号：US154173
申请日：1980-05-28
CPC分类号： F25B23/00 , F25B30/00 , F02G2250/12
摘要： A heat transfer device is described that can be operated as a heat pump or refrigerator, which utilizes a working fluid that is continuously in a liquid state and which has a high temperature-coefficient of expansion near room temperature, to provide a compact and high efficiency heat transfer device for relatively small temperature differences as are encountered in heating or cooling rooms or the like. The heat transfer device includes a pair of heat exchangers that may be coupled respectively to the outdoor and indoor environments, a regenerator connecting the two heat exchangers, a displacer that can move the liquid working fluid through the heat exchangers via the regenerator, and a means for alternately increasing and decreasing the pressure of the working fluid. The liquid working fluid enables efficient heat transfer in a compact unit, and leads to an explosion-proof smooth and quiet machine characteristic of hydraulics. The device enables efficient heat transfer as the indoor-outdoor temperature difference approaches zero, and enables simple conversion from heat pumping to refrigeration as by merely reversing the direction of a motor that powers the device.
摘要翻译： 描述了可以作为热泵或冰箱操作的传热装置，其利用连续处于液态并且在室温附近具有高温膨胀系数的工作流体，以提供紧凑和高效率 传热装置，在加热或冷却室等中遇到的温差相对较小。 传热装置包括可分别连接到室外环境的一对热交换器，连接两个热交换器的再生器，能够通过再生器将液体工作流体移动通过热交换器的置换器， 用于交替地增加和减小工作流体的压力。 液体工作液能够在紧凑的单元中进行有效的热传递，并且可以实现液压系统的防爆平滑和安静的机器特性。 该装置能够在室内 - 室外温差接近零时实现有效的热传递，并且仅通过逆转为装置供电的电动机的方向实现从热泵送到制冷的简单转换。
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公开(公告)号：US4366676A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-04
申请号：US218428
申请日：1980-12-22
CPC分类号： F02G1/055 , F02G1/0445 , F25B9/14 , F02G2250/18 , F05C2225/08 , F25B23/00 , F25B2309/003 , Y10S505/895
摘要： A Malone-type final stage for utilization in a Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler apparatus includes a displacer slidable within a vessel. .sup.4 He, .sup.3 He, or a mixture thereof is made to flow in a pulsating unidirectional manner through a regenerator in the displacer by utilization of check valves in separate fluid channels. Stacked copper screen members extend through the channels and through a second static thermodynamic medium within the displacer to provide efficient lateral heat exchange and enable cooling to temperatures in the range of 3-4 K. Another embodiment utilizes sintered copper particles in the regenerator. Also described is a final stage that has a non-thermally conducting displacer having passages with check valves for directing fluid past a regenerator formed in the surrounding vessel.
摘要翻译： 在斯特林循环低温冷却器装置中使用的马龙型最终阶段包括可在容器内滑动的置换器。 4He，3He或其混合物通过在单独的流体通道中利用止回阀，以脉动单向方式流过置换器中的再生器。 堆叠的铜屏蔽构件延伸通过通道并且通过置换器内的第二静态热力学介质，以提供有效的横向热交换并且使得能够冷却到3-4K的范围内的温度。另一实施例在再生器中使用烧结的铜颗粒。 还描述了具有非导热置换器的最终阶段，其具有带止回阀的通道，用于引导流体经过形成在周围容器中的再生器。
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