公开(公告)号：US4519692A

公开(公告)日：1985-05-28

申请号：US483455

申请日：1983-04-08

Applicant: John K. Michalik

Inventor： John K. Michalik

IPC: G03B17/42 ,  G03B17/00 ,  G03B17/18 ,  G03B7/093

CPC classification number: G03B17/18 ,  G03B17/00

Abstract: An exposure and camera control system comprising a keyboard for providing input information relating to film parameters and camera type, a light to frequency converter for providing signals having a frequency proportional to the intensity of light to be used in exposing the film, and a control operatively connected to the information providing keyboard and to the light to frequency converter for determining the film exposure time and for providing signals for controlling film exposure to light and signals for controlling film transport when the exposure is complete. The control includes a microprocessor, programmable memory, and input/output interface components. A display operatively connected to the control provides visual display of information inputs to the control and of calculated quantitites such as exposure time. A printer operatively connected to the control provides a hard copy record of the displayed information. A light detector operatively connected to the control includes a mirror normally positioned in the optical path for directing light to the light to frequency converter which mirror is moved out of the optical path before an exposure is made. Sensors in the camera being controlled provide signals to the control indicative of film travel and presence of a new film roll in the camera. The exposure and camera control has advantageous use with a microscope in apparatus for making photomicrographs.

Abstract translation: 一种曝光和照相机控制系统，包括用于提供与胶片参数和相机类型有关的输入信息的键盘，用于提供具有与用于曝光胶片时所使用的光的强度成比例的频率的信号的光频变换器，以及可操作地控制的控制 连接到信息提供键盘和光频变换器，用于确定胶片曝光时间，并且用于提供用于控制胶片曝光的信号和当曝光完成时控制胶片传输的信号。 该控制器包括微处理器，可编程存储器和输入/输出接口组件。 可操作地连接到控制器的显示器提供对控制的信息输入的视觉显示以及诸如曝光时间的计算的数量。 可操作地连接到控制器的打印机提供所显示信息的硬拷贝记录。 可操作地连接到控制器的光检测器包括通常位于光路中的反射镜的光，用于将光引导到变频器，在进行曝光之前，该反射镜被移出光路。 被控制的照相机中的传感器向控制器提供指示胶片行进的控制信号，并且在相机中存在新的胶卷。 曝光和照相机控制在用于制造显微照片的装置中用显微镜有利地使用。

公开(公告)号：US4640616A

公开(公告)日：1987-02-03

申请号：US678932

申请日：1984-12-06

Applicant: John K. Michalik

Inventor： John K. Michalik

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/43

CPC classification number: G01N21/43 ,  G01J2001/448 ,  G01N2021/414 ,  G01N2201/126

Abstract: An automatic refractometer comprising a photosensitive device having a relatively narrow dynamic range in the form of a linear scanned array including a plurality of photoelectric elements each providing an output pulse during a scan and the amplitude of each pulse being determined by the amount of illumination of the corresponding element by incident light, an optical system for directing light onto the array in a manner such that the particular photoelectric elements of the array which are illuminated by the light are determined by the index of refraction of a light transmitting substance placed in operative association with the optical system, a circuit for converting signals from the array into digital signals containing information as to the amplitudes of the signals from the array, a digital processing circuit for storing respective signals from reference and sample substances placed in operative association with the optical system and for computing the index of refraction of the sample substance by means of a comparison of the stored reference and sample information, and apparatus for providing a read out of the computed result. The digital processing circuit also calculates the percent solids in the sample substance, and the circuit also includes a plurality of channels for containing information to provide different interpretation of the index of refraction computed thereby. The circuit for converting array signals into digital signals comprises a peak detector circuit for detecting peak amplitudes of signals obtained from scanning the array and an analog-to-digital converter for providing digital signals containing information as to peak amplitudes of the array signals. There is also provided arrangements for measuring the temperatures of the sample substance and comparing to a reference for applying a temperature correction to the computed index of refraction, monitoring and regulating the temperature of the component of the optical system to which the sample substance is exposed, and monitoring and regulating the intensity of light incident on the array.

公开(公告)号：US4644178A

公开(公告)日：1987-02-17

申请号：US678622

申请日：1984-12-06

Applicant: John K. Michalik

Inventor： John K. Michalik

IPC: H04N1/40 ,  G06T1/00 ,  H04N1/028 ,  H04N5/14 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H04N5/142 ,  H04N5/335

Abstract: A circuit and method for converting signals from a photoelectric image sensor into digital signals containing information as to a characteristic of the sensor signals. The photoelectric image sensor provides output pulses having characteristic determined by the manner in which light is incident thereon and this, in turn, is determined by a light influencing medium in an optical path between a light source and the image sensor. In particular, the peak amplitude of each signal from the sensor is determined and then converted into a digital signal containing information as to the peak amplitude. This is accomplished by detecting the rise of each sensor signal to a peak amplitude and then holding a signal level corresponding to the peak level of the sensor signal as the sensor signal falls in amplitude for a time at least equal to the time for acquiring or converting into the digital signal. In particular, there is provided a peak detector circuit operatively connected to the photoelectric image sensor for detecting the peak amplitudes of signals obtained from the sensor and an analog to digital converter connected to the peak detector circuit for providing digital signals containing information as to peak amplitudes of the sensor signals. The peak detector circuit comprises a portion responsive to the rise of each sensor signal to a peak amplitude and a portion for holding a signal level corresponding to the peak level of each sensor signal as the sensor signal falls in amplitude for a time at least equal to the acquisition time or conversion time of the analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract translation: 用于将来自光电图像传感器的信号转换为包含关于传感器信号的特性的信息的数字信号的电路和方法。 光电图像传感器提供具有由光入射到其中的方式确定的特性的输出脉冲，这又由光源和图像传感器之间的光路中的光影响介质决定。 特别地，确定来自传感器的每个信号的峰值幅度，然后转换成包含关于峰值振幅的信息的数字信号。 这是通过检测每个传感器信号的峰值达到峰值振幅，然后当传感器信号落在幅度上至少等于获取或转换时间的时间时，保持与传感器信号的峰值电平对应的信号电平 进入数字信号。 特别地，提供了一种可操作地连接到光电图像传感器的峰值检测器电路，用于检测从传感器获得的信号的峰值振幅，以及连接到峰值检测器电路的模数转换器，用于提供包含关于峰值幅度的信息的数字信号 的传感器信号。 峰值检测器电路包括响应每个传感器信号的峰值到峰值振幅的部分，以及用于保持与传感器信号的峰值电平对应的信号电平的部分，因为传感器信号幅度至少等于 模拟 - 数字转换器的采集时间或转换时间。

公开(公告)号：US4549149A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-22

申请号：US483408

申请日：1983-04-08

Applicant: John K. Michalik

Inventor： John K. Michalik

IPC: H03M1/60 ,  G02F2/00 ,  G02F2/02 ,  H03K7/06 ,  G01J5/22 ,  H03K3/02

CPC classification number: H03K7/06

Abstract: A current to frequency converter comprising a current source, for example a photocell, a voltage to frequency converter, an integrator in the feedback loop of the converter, the current source being connected to the summing junction of the converter and integrator such that the frequency of output pulses from the converter is directly proportional to the magnitude of current injected from the converter to the summing junction, and a controlled circuit for attenuating the current injected from the converter to the summing junction to increase the frequency of output pulses. The controlled attenuating circuit includes a transistor switching arrangement for introducing increased resistance in the path for current injected from the converter to the summing junction in response to the presence of a control signal.

Abstract translation: 一种电流到频率转换器，包括电流源，例如光电池，电压 - 频率转换器，转换器的反馈回路中的积分器，电流源连接到转换器和积分器的求和结点，使得频率 来自转换器的输出脉冲与从转换器向求和结点注入的电流的大小成正比，以及用于衰减从转换器注入到求和点的电流以增加输出脉冲频率的受控电路。 受控衰减电路包括晶体管切换装置，用于响应于控制信号的存在，将从转换器注入的电流的路径中增加的电阻引入加法结。