公开(公告)号：US20130243949A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-19

申请号：US13893692

申请日：2013-05-14

申请人： John Michael Fini ,  Robert Lee Lingle, JR. ,  Yi Sun

发明人： John Michael Fini ,  Robert Lee Lingle, JR. ,  Yi Sun

IPC分类号： G02B6/036

CPC分类号： G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/02342 ,  G02B6/03672 ,  G02B6/03688 ,  G02B6/14

摘要： Described is a modular method of making an optical fiber comprising a core and a cladding configured to support and guide a fundamental transverse mode, the cladding including (i) an outer cladding having an index nout less than the index n1 of the core, (ii) an inner cladding having an index n2

摘要翻译： 描述了一种制造光纤的模块化方法，该光纤包括被配置为支撑和引导基本横向模的芯和包层，所述包层包括（i）具有小于芯的指数n1的折射率的外包层，（ii ）具有折射率n2

公开(公告)号：US08472770B2

公开(公告)日：2013-06-25

申请号：US12924471

申请日：2010-09-28

申请人： John Michael Fini ,  Robert Lee Lingle, Jr. ,  Yi Sun

发明人： John Michael Fini ,  Robert Lee Lingle, Jr. ,  Yi Sun

IPC分类号： G02B6/36 ,  G02B6/02

CPC分类号： G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/02342 ,  G02B6/03672 ,  G02B6/03688 ,  G02B6/14

摘要： Optical fiber comprises core and a cladding configured to support and guide a fundamental transverse mode, the cladding including (i) an outer cladding having an index nout less than the index n1 of the core, (ii) an inner cladding having an index n2

摘要翻译： 光纤包括芯和被配置为支撑和引导基本横向模的包层，所述包层包括（i）具有小于芯的折射率n1的折射率的外包层，（ii）具有指数n2 < （iii）具有索引n4〜nout的基座，（iv）设置在内部包层和基座之间的内部沟槽，内部沟槽具有索引n3 << n4，以及（iv）设置在内部沟槽之间的外部沟槽 基座和外包层，外沟槽具有指数n5

公开(公告)号：US20110026891A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-03

申请号：US12924471

申请日：2010-09-28

申请人： John Michael Fini ,  Robert Lee Lingle, JR. ,  Yi Sun

发明人： John Michael Fini ,  Robert Lee Lingle, JR. ,  Yi Sun

IPC分类号： G02B6/036 ,  C23C14/22 ,  B29D11/00 ,  C23C16/513

CPC分类号： G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/02342 ,  G02B6/03672 ,  G02B6/03688 ,  G02B6/14

摘要： An optical fiber that concurrently satisfies G.657 and G.652 standards comprises a core region and a cladding region configured to support and guide the propagation of light in a fundamental transverse mode, the cladding region including (i) an outer cladding region having a refractive index nout less than the refractive index n1 of the core region, (ii) an inner cladding region have a refractive index n2 less than nout, (iii) a pedestal (or ring) region having a refractive index n4 approximately equal to nout, (iv) an inner trench region disposed between the inner cladding region and the pedestal region, the inner trench region having a refractive index n3 much less than that of the pedestal region, and (iv) an outer trench region disposed between the pedestal region and the outer cladding region, the outer trench region having a refractive index n5 less than that of the pedestal region and relatively close to that of the outer cladding region. In order to suppress unwanted HOMs the pedestal region is configured to resonantly couple at least one unwanted transverse mode of the core region (other than the fundamental mode) to at least one transverse mode of the pedestal region. In a preferred embodiment r2/r1˜2.2-3.5, where r1 is the radius of the core region and r2 is the outer radius of the inner cladding region. Also described is a modular method of making the above-described optical fiber of silica glass, which obviates the need to use expensive forms of conventional, low-deposition-rate vapor deposition.

摘要翻译： 同时满足G.657和G.652标准的光纤包括芯区域和被配置为支撑和引导基本横向模式的光的传播的包层区域，所述包层区域包括（i）具有 折射率nout小于芯区域的折射率n1，（ii）内包层区域的折射率n2小于nout，（iii）折射率n4近似等于nout的基座（或环）区域， （iv）设置在所述内包层区域和所述基座区域之间的内沟槽区域，所述内沟槽区域具有比所述基座区域的折射率小的折射率n3，以及（iv）设置在所述基座区域和 所述外包层区域，所述外沟槽区域具有比所述基座区域的折射率小n5的折射率并且相对接近所述外包层区域的折射率。 为了抑制不想要的HOM，基座区域被配置为将芯区域（不同于基本模式）的至少一个不想要的横向模式谐振地耦合到基座区域的至少一个横向模式。 在优选实施例r2 / r1〜2.2-3.5中，其中r1是芯区域的半径，r2是内包层区域的外半径。 还描述了制造上述石英玻璃光纤的模块化方法，其消除了使用昂贵形式的常规低沉积速率气相沉积的需要。

公开(公告)号：US08433169B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-30

申请号：US13005343

申请日：2011-01-12

申请人： John Michael Fini ,  Poul Kristensen

发明人： John Michael Fini ,  Poul Kristensen

IPC分类号： G02B6/36 ,  G02B6/02

CPC分类号： G02B6/03688 ,  G02B6/02342 ,  G02B6/02366 ,  G02B6/02371 ,  G02B6/0238 ,  G02B6/03672

摘要： An optical fiber that is relatively insensitive to bend loss comprises a core region and a cladding region configured to support and guide the propagation of light in a fundamental transverse mode, the cladding region including (i) an outer cladding region having a refractive index less than that of the core region, (ii) an annular cladding pedestal region having a refractive index higher than that of the outer cladding region and comparable to that of the core region, and (iii) an annular cladding inner trench region disposed between the core region and the pedestal region, the inner trench region having a refractive index less than that of the outer cladding region. In one embodiment, the fiber also includes a (iv) an annular cladding outer trench region disposed between the pedestal region and the outer cladding region, the outer trench region having a refractive index less than that of the outer cladding region. In addition, to suppress HOMs the pedestal region is configured to resonantly couple at least one other transverse mode of the core region to at least one transverse mode of the pedestal region. Such fiber is advantageously used as access fiber, but may have other applications, such as sensor fiber.

公开(公告)号：US08107784B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-31

申请号：US12472522

申请日：2009-05-27

申请人： Peter Ingo Borel ,  David John DiGiovanni ,  John Michael Fini ,  Poul Kristensen

发明人： Peter Ingo Borel ,  David John DiGiovanni ,  John Michael Fini ,  Poul Kristensen

IPC分类号： G02B6/36 ,  G02B6/02

CPC分类号： C03B37/018 ,  C03B37/01211 ,  C03B37/01807 ,  C03B2201/12 ,  C03B2203/22 ,  C03B2203/23 ,  G02B6/02342 ,  G02B6/03672 ,  G02B6/03677 ,  G02B6/03683 ,  G02B6/03688 ,  G02B6/14 ,  Y02P40/57

摘要： An optical fiber that is relatively insensitive to bend loss and alleviates the problem of catastrophic bend loss comprises a core region and a cladding region configured to support and guide the propagation of light in a fundamental transverse mode. The cladding region includes (i) an outer cladding region, (ii) an annular pedestal (or ring) region, (iii) an annular inner trench region, and (iv) an annular outer trench region. The pedestal region and the outer cladding region each have a refractive index relatively close to that of the outer cladding region. In order to suppress HOMs the pedestal region is configured to resonantly couple at least one (unwanted) transverse mode of the core region (other than the fundamental mode) to at least one transverse mode of the pedestal region. In a preferred embodiment, the fiber is configured so that, at a signal wavelength of approximately 1550 nm, its bend loss is no more than about 0.1 dB/turn at bend radius of 5 mm and is no more than about 0.02 dB/turn at a bend radius of 10 mm. In addition, in one embodiment, the core region also includes an inner core region and an annular outer core (or shelf) region surrounding the inner core region. The outer core region extends radially a distance of less than 9 μm from the fiber axis. In another embodiment, the inner trench region includes an annular inner portion and an annular outer (or step) portion surrounding said inner portion. The refractive index of the step portion is greater than that of the inner portion. In a preferred embodiment, both of the foregoing features of the core region and the inner trench region are incorporated in the fiber. Also described are multi-tube fabrication techniques for making such fibers.

摘要翻译： 对弯曲损耗相对不敏感并减轻灾难性弯曲损耗的问题的光纤包括芯区域和被配置为支撑和引导基本横向模式的光的传播的包层区域。 包层区域包括（i）外包层区域，（ii）环形基座（或环）区域，（iii）环形内沟槽区域和（iv）环形外沟槽区域。 基座区域和外部包层区域的折射率相对于外部包层区域的折射率相对接近。 为了抑制HOM，基座区域被配置为将芯区域（基本模式除外）的至少一个（不需要的）横向模式谐振地耦合到基座区域的至少一个横向模式。 在优选实施例中，光纤被配置为使得在大约1550nm的信号波长处，其弯曲半径在5mm处的弯曲损耗不超过约0.1dB /匝，并且在不超过约0.02dB /匝 弯曲半径为10mm。 此外，在一个实施例中，芯区域还包括内芯区域和围绕内芯区域的环形外芯（或搁架）区域。 外芯区域从纤维轴径向延伸小于9μm的距离。 在另一个实施例中，内沟槽区域包括环形内部部分和围绕所述内部部分的环形外（或台阶）部分。 台阶部分的折射率大于内部部分的折射率。 在一个优选实施例中，芯部区域和内部沟槽区域的前述特征都包含在纤维中。 还描述了用于制造这种纤维的多管制造技术。

公开(公告)号：US20110129190A1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-02

申请号：US12959184

申请日：2010-12-02

申请人： John Michael Fini ,  Thierry Franck Taunay ,  Man F. Yan ,  Benyuan Zhu

发明人： John Michael Fini ,  Thierry Franck Taunay ,  Man F. Yan ,  Benyuan Zhu

IPC分类号： G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/04

CPC分类号： G02B6/02042 ,  G02B6/4403

摘要： A multicore optical fiber includes a plurality of core regions disposed within a common cladding region. Each of the plurality of core regions is configured, in combination with the common cladding region, to propagate light along a longitudinal axis of the fiber. At least two core regions are configured to inhibit resonant coupling of propagated light therebetween within a selected region of operation. At least one segment of the fiber includes a twist that is configured such that when the twisted segment is subjected to a bend having a selected radius, the twist creates a controlled change in the amount of crosstalk between the at least two core regions, compared with the amount of crosstalk between the at least two core regions when a bend having the selected radius is introduced into a non-twisted segment of the fiber.

摘要翻译： 多芯光纤包括设置在公共包层区域内的多个芯区域。 多个芯区域中的每一个与公共包层区域一起配置成沿光纤的纵向轴线传播光。 至少两个核心区域被配置为抑制在所选择的操作区域内的传播光的谐振耦合。 纤维的至少一个部分包括扭曲，其被构造成使得当扭转的部分经受具有所选半径的弯曲时，扭转产生了至少两个核心区域之间的串扰量的受控变化，与之相比， 当具有所选半径的弯曲部被引入光纤的非扭曲部分时，所述至少两个芯部区域之间的串扰的量被引入。

公开(公告)号：US07783149B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-24

申请号：US12072574

申请日：2008-02-27

申请人： John Michael Fini

发明人： John Michael Fini

IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  G02F1/295

CPC分类号： H01S3/06708 ,  G02B6/02009 ,  G02B6/0281

摘要： In a LMA optical fiber the index of the core region is graded (i.e., as viewed in a radial cross-section) and has a grading depth of Δng, as measured from a central maximum at or near the axis to a lower level that is not greater than the central maximum and not less than the index of the cladding region. When the fiber is to be bent at a bend radius, the grading depth, the radius of the core region, and the difference between the central maximum index and the cladding region index are configured to reduce bend distortion. They may also advantageously be configured to maximize the effective mode-field area of the fundamental mode, suppress higher order modes, and reduce bend loss. In a preferred embodiment, the core region includes a centralized gain region, which in turn includes a dark region that is no more than 30% of the area of the gain region. Also described is a method of making such LMA fibers.

摘要翻译： 在LMA光纤中，芯区域的折射率被分级（即，如在径向横截面中看到的），并且具有从在轴线处或附近的中心最大值到较低水平测量的分级深度＆Dgrng 不大于中心最大值，不小于包层区域的折射率。 当纤维以弯曲半径弯曲时，分级深度，芯部区域的半径以及中心最大折射率和包层区域折射率之间的差被配置为减少弯曲变形。 它们还可以有利地被配置为使基模的有效模场面积最大化，抑制较高阶模，并减少弯曲损耗。 在优选实施例中，核心区域包括集中增益区域，该集中增益区域又包括不超过增益区域面积的30％的暗区域。 还描述了制造这种LMA纤维的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07764854B2

公开(公告)日：2010-07-27

申请号：US11319121

申请日：2005-12-27

申请人： John Michael Fini

发明人： John Michael Fini

IPC分类号： G02B6/02

CPC分类号： G02B6/02009 ,  G02B6/02023 ,  G02B6/0281 ,  G02B6/03605 ,  G02B6/14 ,  H01S3/06708

摘要： An optical fiber that exhibits reduced mode distortions as the fiber is bent is formed by properly defining its refractive index profile during fabrication. The as-fabricated profile is defined as a “pre-distorted” profile that takes into account the gradient introduced by bending the fiber. A parabolic index profile is one exemplary bend-resistant profile that exhibits a quadratic form. A raised-cone index is another profile that may be used as the “as-fabricated” profile. In any properly configured form, factors such as bend loss and mode distortion are significantly reduced, since the profile undergoes a shift of essentially constant gradient as a bend is introduced. The resultant effective area of the inventive fiber is substantially improved over state-of-the-art fiber that is subjected to bending during installation. The as-fabricated profile may be incorporated into various types of fibers (birefringent, photonic bandgap, etc.), and is particularly well-suited for use in a fiber amplifier arrangement.

摘要翻译： 通过在制造期间适当地限定其折射率分布来形成当纤维弯曲时呈现减小的模式失真的光纤。 制造的轮廓被定义为考虑到通过弯曲纤维引入的坡度的“预变形”轮廓。 抛物线折射率分布是呈现二次形式的一个示例性的抗弯曲轮廓。 凸锥指数是可以用作“制造”轮廓的另一轮廓。 在任何适当配置的形式中，诸如弯曲损耗和模式失真的因素显着降低，因为当引入弯曲时，轮廓经历基本上恒定的梯度的偏移。 本发明纤维的所得有效面积相对于在安装期间经受弯曲的现有技术纤维而言显着改善。 制造的轮廓可以并入各种类型的纤维（双折射，光子带隙等）中，并且特别适用于光纤放大器装置。

公开(公告)号：US20090060437A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-05

申请号：US12072869

申请日：2008-02-28

申请人： John Michael Fini ,  Poul Kristensen

发明人： John Michael Fini ,  Poul Kristensen

IPC分类号： G02B6/036

CPC分类号： G02B6/03688 ,  G02B6/02342 ,  G02B6/02366 ,  G02B6/02371 ,  G02B6/0238 ,  G02B6/03672

摘要： An optical fiber that is relatively insensitive to bend loss comprises a core region and a cladding region configured to support and guide the propagation of light in a fundamental transverse mode, the cladding region including (i) an outer cladding region having a refractive index less than that of the core region, (ii) an annular cladding pedestal region having a refractive index higher than that of the outer cladding region and comparable to that of the core region, and (iii) an annular cladding inner trench region disposed between the core region and the pedestal region, the inner trench region having a refractive index less than that of the outer cladding region. In one embodiment, the fiber also includes a (iv) an annular cladding outer trench region disposed between the pedestal region and the outer cladding region, the outer trench region having a refractive index less than that of the outer cladding region. In addition, to suppress HOMs the pedestal region is configured to resonantly couple at least one other transverse mode of the core region to at least one transverse mode of the pedestal region. Such fiber is advantageously used as access fiber, but may have other applications, such as sensor fiber.

摘要翻译： 对弯曲损耗相对不敏感的光纤包括芯区域和被配置为支撑和引导基本横向模式的光的传播的包层区域，所述包层区域包括（i）折射率小于 芯区域的区域，（ii）具有比外包层区域的折射率高的折射率的环形包层基座区域，并且与芯区域的折射率相当，以及（iii）设置在芯区域之间的环形包层内沟槽区域 以及所述基座区域，所述内部沟槽区域的折射率小于所述外部包层区域的折射率。 在一个实施例中，纤维还包括（iv）设置在基座区域和外包层区域之间的环形包层外部沟槽区域，外部沟槽区域的折射率小于外部包层区域的折射率。 此外，为了抑制HOM，基座区域被配置为将芯区域的至少一个其他横向模式谐振地耦合到基座区域的至少一个横向模式。 这种纤维有利地用作接入纤维，但可以具有其它应用，例如传感器纤维。

公开(公告)号：US20090034059A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-05

申请号：US12215313

申请日：2008-06-26

申请人： John Michael Fini

发明人： John Michael Fini

IPC分类号： H01S3/00 ,  G02B6/036

CPC分类号： H01S3/06708 ,  G02B6/02019 ,  G02B6/02023 ,  G02B6/02366 ,  G02B6/03644 ,  G02B6/03666 ,  G02B6/03688 ,  G02B6/03694 ,  G02B6/14 ,  H01S3/06729

摘要： The effect of bending is anticipated in an optical fiber design, so that resonant coupling remains an effective strategy for suppressing HOMs. The index profile of the fiber and its bend radius are configured so that there is selective resonant coupling of at least one HOM, but not the fundamental mode, in the bent segment of the fiber. In an illustrative embodiment, the bend radius (or predetermined range of bend radii) of an optical fiber is known a priori. The core and cladding regions are configured to support (guide) the propagation of signal light in a fundamental transverse mode and at least one higher-order transverse mode in the core region. The cladding region includes an outer cladding region and an annular trench region. The trench region includes at least one axially extending, raised-index pedestal (waveguide) region having a refractive index higher than that of the outer cladding region. Within at least the bent segment the at least one pedestal region is configured (i) to support the propagation of at least one transverse mode and (ii) to resonantly couple at least one of the higher-order transverse modes (HOMs) of the core region to at least one transverse mode (e.g., the fundamental mode) of the pedestal region when the fiber is bent to a radius within the predetermined range of radii. In effect, the pedestal regions are configured so that the fiber is pre-compensated for the effect of bending; that is, an uncompensated bent fiber segment suffers high fundamental mode loss due to resonant coupling, whereas the pre-compensated bent fiber segment selectively couples any unwanted HOM from the core region into the pedestal region. In a preferred embodiment, the optical fiber is a LMA fiber incorporated in an optical fiber amplifier or laser package.

摘要翻译： 在光纤设计中预期弯曲的影响，使得谐振耦合仍然是抑制HOM的有效策略。 纤维的折射率分布及其弯曲半径被配置为使得在光纤的弯曲部分中存在至少一个HOM而不是基本模式的选择性谐振耦合。 在说明性实施例中，光纤的弯曲半径（或弯曲半径的预定范围）是先验已知的。 核心和包层区域被配置为支持（引导）核心区域中的基本横向模式和至少一个高阶横向模式的信号光的传播。 包层区域包括外包层区域和环形沟槽区域。 沟槽区域包括折射率高于外包层区域的折射率的至少一个轴向延伸的凸起的基座（波导）区域。 在至少弯曲的区段内，至少一个基座区域被配置为（i）支持至少一个横向模式的传播，并且（ii）共振地耦合芯的高阶横向模式（HOM）中的至少一个 区域到纤维弯曲到预定半径范围内的半径时的基座区域的至少一个横向模式（例如，基本模式）。 实际上，基座区域被构造成使得纤维被预补偿弯曲的效果; 也就是说，未补偿的弯曲光纤段由于谐振耦合而遭受高的基模损耗，而预补偿的弯曲光纤段将任何不需要的HOM从芯区域选择性地耦合到基座区域中。 在优选实施例中，光纤是并入光纤放大器或激光器封装中的LMA光纤。