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公开(公告)号：US5905482A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-18
申请号：US722062
申请日：1996-10-29
CPC分类号： G09G3/364 , G09G3/3629 , G09G2310/061 , G09G2320/0626 , G09G2360/144 , G09G3/2018 , G09G3/2074
摘要： The invention provides a ferroelectric liquid crystal display with uniformly spaced greyscale levels. The invention uses a bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal display formed by a layer of chiral smectic liquid crystal material between two cell walls. The walls carry e.g. line and column electrodes to give an x,y matrix of addressable pixels, and are surface treated to provide bistable operation. Each pixel may be divided into subpixels thereby giving spatial weighting for greyscale. Temporal weighting of greyscale is obtained by switching a pixel to a dark state for time T1 and a light state for time T2. When T1 and T2 are not equal, four different greyscales are obtainable; i.e. dark, dark grey, light grey, and light. The present invention provides a required uniform spacing of greyscale levels by addressing each pixel two or more times in one frame time. Each pixel is blanked then strobed, two or more times in each frame time; the relative times between blanking and strobing, at least four different time periods, are varied to give the desired greyscale levels. The temporal and spatial weighting may be combined to increase the number of obtainable greyscales. Further, the relative intensity between adjacent subpixels may be adjusted to vary the apparent size of the smallest subpixel; this is useful when subpixel size is near to manufacturing limits.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB95 / 00814 Sec。 371日期1996年10月29日第 102（e）日期1996年10月29日PCT提交1995年4月10日PCT公布。 WO95 / 27971 PCT公开号 日期：1995年10月19日本发明提供了具有均匀间隔灰度级的铁电液晶显示器。 本发明使用由两个单元壁之间的手性近晶液晶材料层形成的双稳态铁电液晶显示器。 墙壁例如 线和列电极，以得到可寻址像素的x，y矩阵，并进行表面处理以提供双稳态运算。 每个像素可以被划分成子像素，从而给出灰度的空间加权。 通过将像素切换到时间T1的暗状态和时间T2的亮状态来获得灰度的时间加权。 当T1和T2不相等时，可获得四种不同的灰度; 即暗，深灰色，浅灰色和浅色。 本发明通过在一个帧时间内对每个像素进行两次或更多次寻址来提供所需的灰度级别的均匀间隔。 每个像素消隐，然后选通，每帧时间两次或更多次; 消隐和选通之间的相对时间，至少四个不同的时间段被改变以提供期望的灰度级。 可以组合时间和空间加权以增加获得的灰度数。 此外，可以调整相邻子像素之间的相对强度以改变最小子像素的表观尺寸; 当子像素尺寸接近制造限制时，这是有用的。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06215533B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-10
申请号：US08854559
申请日：1997-05-12
申请人： Mitsuhiro Shigeta , Jonathan Rennie Hughes , Paul Bonnett , Edward Peter Raynes , Akira Tagawa , Michael John Towler , Harry Garth Walton , David Scattergood
发明人： Mitsuhiro Shigeta , Jonathan Rennie Hughes , Paul Bonnett , Edward Peter Raynes , Akira Tagawa , Michael John Towler , Harry Garth Walton , David Scattergood
IPC分类号： G02F1141
CPC分类号： G09G3/3696 , G09G3/3629 , G09G3/3692 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/066 , G09G2320/041 , G09G2330/021
摘要： A ferroelectric liquid crystal device includes a layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal material contained between a pair of substrates, a first plurality of electrodes and a second plurality of electrodes defining a plurality of addressable liquid crystal pixels. A driving arrangement is provided for applying a first signal (Strobe) in succession to the first plurality of electrodes and for applying a plurality of second signals (Data) simultaneously to the second plurality of electrodes. The plurality of second signals are arranged to include non-rectangular wave signals which have a lower harmonic content than a rectangular wave. Non-uniform heating of the device as a result of the application of the second signals (Data) is reduced with consequent improvement in device performance.
摘要翻译： 铁电液晶器件包括一对基板之间的铁电液晶材料层，第一多个电极和限定多个可寻址液晶像素的第二多个电极。 提供驱动装置，用于连续地对第一多个电极施加第一信号（频闪），并且同时向多个第二电极施加多个第二信号（Data）。 多个第二信号被布置成包括具有比矩形波低的谐波含量的非矩形波信号。 作为施加第二信号（Data）的结果，装置的不均匀加热减少，从而提高了器件性能。
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公开(公告)号：US5963186A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-05
申请号：US902519
申请日：1997-07-29
IPC分类号： G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/36 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/063 , G09G2320/041
摘要： A ferro-electric liquid crystal cell is addressed by row and column electrodes forming an x,y matrix of display elements. A strobe waveform is applied to each row in sequence while appropriate data waveforms are applied to all the column electrodes. At each display element the material receives an addressing waveform to switch it to one of its two switched states depending upon the polarity of the addressing waveform. The switching characteristics of ferro-electric materials depend upon the shape of the addressing waveform. Two different shapes of addressing waveforms are used to produce two different and separated switching characteristics (FIG. 3). Al least one switching characteristic curve may exhibit a minimum response time at one voltage value, and the display is operated at voltages above this. The data waveforms are alternating positive and negative pulses of period 2ts. The strobe waveform has a zero for one time period ts followed by a unipolar voltage pulse of duration greater than ts, e.g. 1.5ts or more. This results in an overlapping of addressing in adjacent rows, i.e. the end of a strobe pulse on one row overlaps with the beginning of a strobe pulse on the next row. The display elements may be switched into one of their two states by one of two strobe pulses of opposite polarity. Alternatively a blanking pulse may switch all elements to one state and a strobe used to switch selected elements to the other state.
摘要翻译： 铁电液晶单元通过形成显示元件的x，y矩阵的行电极和列电极来寻址。 每个行按顺序施加选通波形，同时将适当的数据波形应用于所有的列电极。 在每个显示元件处，材料接收寻址波形，以根据寻址波形的极性将其切换到其两个切换状态之一。 铁电材料的开关特性取决于寻址波形的形状。 使用两种不同形状的寻址波形来产生两种不同和分离的开关特性（图3）。 至少一个开关特性曲线可以在一个电压值处呈现最小响应时间，并且在高于该电压的电压下操作显示器。 数据波形是周期2ts的正负脉冲。 频闪波形在一个时间段ts之后具有零，随后是持续时间大于ts的单极电压脉冲，例如。 1.5t以上。 这导致在相邻行中寻址的重叠，即，一行上的选通脉冲的结束与下一行上的选通脉冲的开始重叠。 可以通过相反极性的两个选通脉冲之一将显示元件切换成它们的两个状态之一。 或者，消隐脉冲可以将所有元件切换到一个状态，并且选通用于将所选元件切换到另一状态。
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公开(公告)号：US5748166A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US545760
申请日：1996-03-13
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G09G2310/06
摘要： The invention concerns a surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) display devices. Displays are formed by cells containing a thin layer, e.g. 2 .mu.m thick, of smectic liquid crystal material. The cell walls are surface treated and carry e.g. row and column electrodes forming an x,y matrix of addressable display elements or pixels. These devices can show bistability and switch between their two stable state on application of a dc pulse of appropriate polarity, amplitude and width. In this invention the device is addressed by first preconditioning the liquid crystal material at each pixel by applying one of two different levels of ac bias, thereby changing the switching characteristics of the material, and second by a switching with application of a switching pulse. This results in pixels that have received the first of the ac bias levels switching whilst the other pixels do not switch. The two levels of ac bias may be applied e.g. by a combination of bipolar strobe pulses and two bipolar data waveforms applied in a multiplex addressing manner to the row and column electrodes. The subsequent switching pulse may be shared between row and column electrodes to give a resultant pulse of appropriate polarity, amplitude and width.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB94 / 00749 Sec。 371日期：1996年3月13日 102（e）1996年3月13日PCT PCT 1994年4月8日PCT公布。 出版物WO94 / 27275 日期1994年11月24日本发明涉及表面稳定铁电液晶（SSFLC）显示装置。 显示器由包含薄层的单元形成，例如。 2米厚的近晶液晶材料。 细胞壁被表面处理并携带。 行和列电极形成可寻址显示元件或像素的x，y矩阵。 这些器件可以显示双稳态，并在应用适当极性，幅度和宽度的直流脉冲之间切换它们的两个稳定状态。 在本发明中，通过首先通过施加两个不同等级的交流偏压之一来预处理每个像素处的液晶材料，从而改变材料的开关特性，其次通过施加开关脉冲进行切换来解决该装置。 这导致已经接收到第一个交流偏置电平切换的像素，而其他像素不切换。 AC偏置的两个水平可以被应用例如。 通过双极性选通脉冲和以多路寻址方式施加到行和列电极的两个双极数据波形的组合。 后续的开关脉冲可以在行电极和列电极之间共享，以产生合适的极性，幅度和宽度的合成脉冲。
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公开(公告)号：US6054973A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-25
申请号：US868096
申请日：1997-06-03
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/061
摘要： A ferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises a matrix of pixels addressable by first and second sets of electrode tracks crossing one another at the locations of the pixels. The pixels ale addressed by applying data pulses to the first set of electrode tracks and strobe pulses to the second set of electrode tracks to switch certain pixels selected by the data pulses from a first state to a second state under the effect of the voltage difference between the data pulses and the strobe pulses, and blanking pulses are applied to the second set of electrode tracks to set the pixels to the first state in advance of the application of subsequent strobe pulses to switch selected pixels from the first state to the second state. Each blanking pulse includes a blanking portion of one polarity adapted to switch the pixels to a fully switched reunion of the first state and a trailing portion of the opposite polarity adapted to assist relaxation of the pixels from the fully switched region of the first state to a relaxed region of the first state from which rapid switching of pixels to the second state is possible during application of a subsequent strobe pulse.
摘要翻译： 铁电液晶显示器包括可通过在像素的位置处彼此交叉的第一组电极轨道和第二组电极轨迹寻址的像素矩阵。 通过将数据脉冲施加到第一组电极轨迹并选通脉冲到第二组电极轨道以将由数据脉冲选择的某些像素从第一状态切换到第二状态，在第一状态到第二状态之间的电压差的作用下， 数据脉冲和选通脉冲以及消隐脉冲被施加到第二组电极轨迹，以便在施加随后的选通脉冲之前将像素设置为第一状态，以将所选择的像素从第一状态切换到第二状态。 每个消隐脉冲包括适于将像素切换到第一状态的完全切换的团聚的一个极性的消隐部分，以及适于帮助像素从第一状态的完全切换区域松弛到第一状态的相反极性的尾部 在应用随后的选通脉冲期间可以从其中快速切换像素到第二状态的第一状态的松弛区域。
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公开(公告)号：US6057821A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-02
申请号：US856720
申请日：1997-05-15
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G09G3/3692 , G09G3/3696 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/061 , G09G2310/066 , G09G2320/041
摘要： A passive liquid crystal device (FIG. 1) is driven in a multiplexed manner by a strobe signal (STB) applied in succession to a plurality of row electrodes and data signals (DATa, DATb) applied to a plurality of column electrodes. A resultant signal (RESa, RESb) comprising the combination of the strobe and data signals is applied to the pixels in the device. The liquid crystal device is sensitive to the polarity of the resultant signal. Typically a blanking pulse of a first polarity is applied followed by a resultant signal of the opposite polarity. A first data signal (DATa) is intended to change the state of the relevant pixel (SELECT) while a second data signal (DATa) is intended to leave the pixel in the same state (NON-SELECT). According to the invention the resultant signal (RESa, RESb) comprises at least a portion which is substantially continuously varying. This can be achieved by either or both of the strobe and data signals including such a portion or portions. The invention may provide improved performance of the device through maximisation of the torque applied to the molecules of the liquid crystal during the switching process in response to a SELECT resultant (RESa). The invention is particularly applicable to ferroelectric liquid crystal devices (FLCDs).
摘要翻译： 无源液晶装置（图1）以多个行多个方式通过连续施加到多个行电极的选通信号（STB）和施加到多个列电极的数据信号（DATa，DATb）而被驱动。 包括选通脉冲和数据信号的组合的合成信号（RESa，RESb）被施加到器件中的像素。 液晶装置对所得信号的极性敏感。 通常施加第一极性的消隐脉冲，随后产生相反极性的结果信号。 第一数据信号（DATa）旨在改变相关像素（SELECT）的状态，而第二数据信号（DATa）旨在使像素处于相同状态（NON-SELECT）。 根据本发明，所得到的信号（RESa，RESb）至少包括一个基本连续变化的部分。 这可以通过包括这样的部分或部分的选通脉冲和数据信号中的一个或两者来实现。 本发明可以通过响应于SELECT结果（RESa）在切换过程期间最大化施加到液晶分子的扭矩来提供装置的改进的性能。 本发明特别适用于铁电液晶装置（FLCD）。
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公开(公告)号：US07872793B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-18
申请号：US12022109
申请日：2008-01-29
IPC分类号： G02B26/00
CPC分类号： G02F1/135 , G03H1/02 , G03H1/2294 , G03H2001/0224 , G03H2001/2297 , G03H2225/25
摘要： A spatial light modulator system includes an optically addressable spatial light modulator (OASLM) and an electrical addressable spatial light modulator (EASLM) arranged to transmit light onto the OASLM. A first controller is configured to address the EASLM with both a positive image and a negative image. A second controller is configured to apply a first bipolar voltage pulse to the OASLM associated with reception of the positive image and apply a second bipolar voltage pulse to the OASLM associated with reception of the negative image.
摘要翻译： 空间光调制器系统包括可光寻址空间光调制器（OASLM）和被布置为将光传输到OASLM上的电可寻址空间光调制器（EASLM）。 第一控制器被配置为利用正图像和负图像来寻址EASLM。 第二控制器被配置为将第一双极性电压脉冲施加到与正图像的接收相关联的OASLM，并将第二双极性电压脉冲施加到与负像的接收相关联的OASLM。
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8.发明授权Light modulating devices having grey scale levels using multiple state selection in combination with temporal and/or spatial dithering 失效具有灰度级的光调制装置使用多个状态选择与时间和/或空间抖动相结合
公开(公告)号：US6094187A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US990030
申请日：1997-12-15
CPC分类号： G09G3/3607 , G09G3/3629 , G09G3/364 , G09G3/2011 , G09G3/2018 , G09G3/2051 , G09G3/207 , G09G3/2074 , G09G3/2077 , G09G3/2081
摘要： A ferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises an addressable matrix of pixels, and addressing circuitry for selectively addressing each pixel in order to vary the transmission level of the pixel relative to the transmission levels of the other pixels. The addressing circuitry includes spatial and/or temporal dither circuits for addressing separately addressable subpixels with different spatial dither signals and/or for addressing each pixel or subpixel with different temporal dither signals in separate subframes. In addition to such spatial and/or temporal dither, the addressing circuitry switches each pixel or subpixel between different grey states corresponding to different transmission levels, with at least two of the bits of spatial or temporal dither being switchable between more than two different grey states and at least one bit being switchable between a lesser number of different grey states than the or each other bit, so that a plurality of different overall transmission levels are achievable by different combinations of spatial and/or temporal dither and such grey states. This allows a larger number of substantially linearly spaced or suitably weighted grey levels to be produced than has previously been possible without giving rise to unacceptable complications.
摘要翻译： 铁电液晶显示器包括可寻址矩阵的像素，以及寻址电路，用于选择性地寻址每个像素，以改变像素相对于其它像素的透射电平的透射电平。 寻址电路包括空间和/或时间抖动电路，用于使用不同的空间抖动信号寻址单独可寻址的子像素和/或用于在不同的子帧中用不同的时间抖动信号寻址每个像素或子像素。 除了这样的空间和/或时间抖动之外，寻址电路还切换对应于不同传输电平的不同灰度状态之间的每个像素或子像素，其中空间或时间抖动的至少两个位可在多于两个不同的灰度状态之间切换 并且至少一个比特可以在比该比特或每个其他比特少的不同灰度状态之间切换，使得可以通过空间和/或时间抖动和这种灰色状态的不同组合来实现多个不同的总体传输级别。 这允许产生比以前可能的更大数量的基本上线性间隔或适当加权的灰度级，而不会引起不可接受的并发症。
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公开(公告)号：US07265893B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-04
申请号：US10531080
申请日：2003-10-06
IPC分类号： G02B26/00
摘要： A method of controlling the switching of an optically addressable spatial light modulator (OASLM), to a first surface of which a write light signal is applied and to a second surface of which a read light signal is applied. The method comprises applying a bipolar switching waveform to control electrodes of the (OASLM) during each write cycle such that the leading pulse of the waveform applies a voltage across the (OASLM) which is in the photosensitive direction and the trailing pulse applies a voltage which is not in the photosensitive direction.
摘要翻译： 一种控制光可寻址空间光调制器（OASLM）切换到施加写入光信号的第一表面和施加读取光信号的第二表面的方法。 该方法包括在每个写入周期期间将双极性切换波形施加到（OASLM）的控制电极，使得波形的引导脉冲施加在感光方向上的（OASLM）两端的电压，并且拖尾脉冲施加电压， 不在感光方向。
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公开(公告)号：US06351256B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-26
申请号：US09139002
申请日：1998-08-24
IPC分类号： G09G336
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G09G2310/06
摘要： The invention relates to multiplex addressing of a liquid crystal device comprising applying a strobe signal to one of a first plurality of electrodes of the device and a data signal to one of a second plurality of electrodes of the device. The strobe and data signals address a pixel of the device. The data signal comprises one of a SELECT data signal and a NON_SELECT which each have a duration and a discriminating duration which is no longer than the duration. During the discriminating duration the SELECT and NON_SELECT signals are different. The strobe signal comprises a first portion applied simultaneously with the discriminating duration of the data signal and a second portion applied after the discriminating duration of the data signal. By including a section at a larger voltage magnitude in the second portion of the strobe signal than is present in the first part of that signal, improved performance and addressing speed are obtainable. The Figure shows the four possible combinations of data signal over two addressing periods on the left hand side and a strobe signal in accordance with the invention at the top. The figure shows that SELECT resultant signals A and B closely match the ideal waveshape for fast change of state while the NON_SELECT resultant signals C and D give good discrimination.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及液晶装置的多路寻址，其包括将选通信号施加到装置的第一多个电极中的一个并将数据信号施加到装置的第二多个电极之一。 选通和数据信号寻址设备的像素。 数据信号包括SELECT数据信号和NON_SELECT中的每一个具有持续时间和不长于持续时间的识别持续时间之一。 在识别持续时间期间，SELECT和NON_SELECT信号不同。 选通信号包括与数据信号的识别持续时间同时应用的第一部分和在数据信号的识别持续时间之后应用的第二部分。 通过在选通信号的第二部分中比在该信号的第一部分中存在的电压幅度更大的部分，可以获得改进的性能和寻址速度。 该图示出了在左侧的两个寻址周期上的数据信号的四种可能组合以及根据本发明的顶部的选通信号。 该图示出，SELECT结果信号A和B与用于快速改变状态的理想波形紧密匹配，而NON_SELECT结果信号C和D给出良好的辨别。
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