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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4247879A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-27
申请号：US897885
申请日：1978-04-19
申请人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
摘要： A ground fault circuit breaker is provided which includes means for sensing ground fault current and for analyzing the waveform of the ground fault current. An operating mechanism automatically separates the contacts of the circuit breaker upon detection of ground fault current waveforms corresponding to the waveform of current passing through human skin. In a preferred embodiment, means are provided to synchronously detect the third harmonic component of ground fault current using phase and amplitude information to determine the presence of a ground fault path through human skin. Alternatively, means are provided to sense peak and average values of ground fault current and to trip the breaker whenever the ratio of peak to average ground fault current exceeds a predetermined level. In another alternative, the slope of the ground fault current at zero crossing is detected and compared to the ground fault current peaks. Whenever the ratio of peak current to zero crossing slope exceeds a predetermined level, the mechanism of the breaker is tripped.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种接地故障断路器，它包括用于检测接地故障电流和分析接地故障电流波形的装置。 检测到与通过人体皮肤的电流波形相对应的接地故障电流波形时，操作机构自动分离断路器的触点。 在优选实施例中，提供了使用相位和幅度信息来同步地检测接地故障电流的三次谐波分量的装置，以确定通过人体皮肤的接地故障路径的存在。 或者，提供用于感测接地故障电流的峰值和平均值并且每当峰值对平均接地故障电流的比率超过预定水平时跳闸断路器的装置。 在另一种选择中，检测过零点的接地故障电流的斜率，并将其与接地故障电流峰值进行比较。 每当峰值电流与零交叉斜率的比率超过预定值时，断路器的机构跳闸。
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2.发明授权Energy monitoring system for a plurality of local stations with snapshot polling from a central station 失效用于具有来自中心站的快照轮询的多个本地站的能量监视系统
公开(公告)号：US5384712A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-24
申请号：US746019
申请日：1991-08-15
IPC分类号： G01R21/133 , G01R21/00 , G01R22/00
CPC分类号： G01R21/133
摘要： A PC computer monitors the energy consumed at a plurality of local stations placed behind the electrical meter of the utility company for individual billing of the local users, a bidirectional communication line being used therebetween. A command from the PC computer causes at each station the totalized energy to be stored, and thereafter the PC computer derives individually the results for separate estimations and central billing.
摘要翻译： PC计算机监视位于公用事业公司的电表之后的多个本地电台的能量消耗，用于本地用户的单独计费，其间使用双向通信线路。 来自PC计算机的命令导致每个站的总能量被存储，然后PC计算机分别得出结果以进行单独的估计和中央计费。
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公开(公告)号：US4734639A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-29
申请号：US868834
申请日：1986-05-29
CPC分类号： G01R19/25
摘要： A master metering module is taught which utilizes a programmed microprocessor and externally operated switches to alert the module as to what kind of system is being monitored thereby. For example, is the system being monitored a .DELTA.-connected electrical system or a Y-connected electrical system. This is useful in providing output indications of line-to-line voltage or line-to-neutral voltage, for example. When measuring voltages whether line-to-line or line-to-neutral one voltage value is substituted from another. A differential amplifier is utilized to do this. In one case the differential amplifier subtracts one line voltage from another line voltage, but in another case it subtracts neutral or zero ground potential from a line voltage. A switching arrangement is provided which interconnects one terminal of the differential amplifier with the neutral input terminal and with a line input terminal through appropriate conditioning of the microprocessor.
摘要翻译： 教授了一种主计量模块，其使用编程的微处理器和外部操作的开关来向模块警告由此监控什么样的系统。 例如，正在监视的系统是DELTA连接的电气系统或Y连接的电气系统。 这在例如提供线对线电压或线对中性电压的输出指示中是有用的。 当测量电压是否从另一个代替线对线或中线一个电压值时。 使用差分放大器来做到这一点。 在一种情况下，差分放大器从另一条线路电压中减去一条线路电压，但在另一种情况下，它会从一条线路电压中减去中性点或零点地电位。 提供了一种开关装置，其通过微处理器的适当调节将差分放大器的一个端子与空载输入端子和线路输入端子相互连接。
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4.发明授权Ground fault/arc fault circuit interrupter and method of testing the same with a test button and a reset button 有权接地故障/电弧故障电路中断器和测试方法与测试按钮和复位按钮相同公开(公告)号：US06720872B1
公开(公告)日：2004-04-13
申请号：US10197647
申请日：2002-07-16
IPC分类号： G08B2900
CPC分类号： H02H3/334 , H01H83/04 , H01H2083/201
摘要： An arc fault/ground fault circuit interrupter for a power circuit includes a line terminal; a load terminal; and separable contacts electrically connected between the line and load terminals. An operating mechanism opens the separable contacts and has a closed position for closing the separable contacts. A trip mechanism cooperates with the operating mechanism to trip open the separable contacts. A ground fault protection circuit is operatively associated with the power circuit. An arc fault protection circuit is also operatively associated with the power circuit. A circuit tests the ground fault protection circuit, tests the arc fault protection circuit, and restores the operating mechanism to the closed position responsive to sequential activation of test and reset buttons.
摘要翻译： 电源电路的电弧故障/接地故障电路断路器包括线路终端; 负载端子; 以及电连接在线路和负载端子之间的可分离触点。 操作机构打开可分离触点并且具有用于闭合可分离触点的闭合位置。 跳闸机构与操作机构配合以使可分离触点断开。 接地故障保护电路与电源电路可操作地相关联。 电弧故障保护电路也可操作地与电源电路相关联。 电路测试接地故障保护电路，测试电弧故障保护电路，并根据测试和复位按钮的顺序激活将操作机构恢复到关闭位置。
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5.发明授权Energy monitoring system for a plurality of local stations with snapshot polling from a central station 失效用于具有来自中心站的快照轮询的多个本地站的能量监视系统
公开(公告)号：US5315531A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US915171
申请日：1992-07-15
IPC分类号： G01R21/133 , G01R21/00 , G01R22/00 , G08C25/00 , H05K11/00
CPC分类号： G01R21/133
摘要： A PC computer monitors the energy, power, voltage, and current consumed at a plurality of local stations placed behind the electrical meter of the utility company for individual billing of the local users, a bidirectional communication line being used therebetween. A command from the PC computer causes at each station the power, voltage, current and totalized energy to be stored, and thereafter the PC computer derives individually the results for separate estimations and central billing.
摘要翻译： PC计算机监视在公用事业公司的电表之后的多个本地电台消耗的能量，功率，电压和电流，用于本地用户的单独计费，其间使用双向通信线路。 来自PC机的命令导致每个站的功率，电压，电流和总能量被存储，此后，PC计算机分别得出结果以进行单独的估计和中央计费。
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6.发明授权AC electric energy meter having drive circuit including stepper motor for driving mechanical register 失效交流电能表具有驱动电路，包括用于驱动机械寄存器的步进电机
公开(公告)号：US4896105A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-23
申请号：US173499
申请日：1988-03-25
申请人： Joseph C. Engel , Robert T. Elms
发明人： Joseph C. Engel , Robert T. Elms
IPC分类号： G01R21/133
CPC分类号： G01R21/133
摘要： An AC electric energy meter is coupled to a source of AC electrical energy and to an AC load. A sensing circuit senses the amount of AC electric energy consumed by the AC electric load. An AC electric energy measuring circuit generates a pulse signal representative of the amount of AC electric energy consumed by the AC electric load. A switching circuit receives the pulse signal from the AC electrical energy measuring circuit and controls current flow from the AC electrical energy source to a stepper motor to drive an output shaft of the stepper motor in a unidirectional manner based on the pulse signal. A register is coupled to the output shaft of the stepper motor for registering the amount of electrical energy consumed by the AC electric load based on the amount of rotation of the output shaft of the stepper motor. The stepper motor includes a core having an air gap, a rotatable permanent magnet positioned in the air gap and a winding wound about the core, for generating a magnetic field across the air gap. The switching circuit controls the direction of current flow through the winding to alternately reverse the polarity of the magnetic field across the air gap, so that the permanent magnet rotates in a unidirectional manner.
摘要翻译： AC电能表耦合到AC电能源和AC负载。 感测电路感测交流电负载消耗的交流电能量。 AC电能测量电路产生表示由AC电负载消耗的交流电能量的脉冲信号。 开关电路从AC电能测量电路接收脉冲信号，并控制从AC电能源到步进电机的电流，以基于脉冲信号单向地驱动步进电动机的输出轴。 寄存器耦合到步进电机的输出轴，用于基于步进电机的输出轴的旋转量来记录AC电负载消耗的电能量。 步进电动机包括具有空气间隙的芯，位于气隙中的可旋转永磁体和围绕芯缠绕的绕组，用于在气隙上产生磁场。 开关电路控制通过绕组的电流的方向以交替地反转跨越气隙的磁场的极性，使得永磁体以单向方式旋转。
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公开(公告)号：US4525650A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US569547
申请日：1984-01-10
IPC分类号： H05B41/282 , H05B37/02
CPC分类号： H05B41/2827 , Y02B20/185 , Y10S315/07
摘要： Starting and operating method and apparatus for discharge lamps comprises a current-limiting and rectifying means which provides at its output a low-ripple current-limited direct current. To effect lamp starting, a series-connected inductor and capacitor form a high "Q" resonant circuit with the capacitor connected across the lamp to be operated. This starting circuit connects through a blocking capacitor and charging resistor across the low-ripple source of DC. A pair of transistors which comprise an oscillator are connected emitter-to-collector across the source of DC, with the common-connected emitter and collector connected to the blocking capacitor. A drive air-core transformer has separate feedback windings in the starting and operating circuits and drive windings are associated with the transistors. A trigger diode is used to initially pulse one of the transistors which initially oscillate to generate square waves having a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the starting circuit. After the lamp strikes, the transistors operate in a self-oscillating mode with the operating frequency determined by the rate of current flow into the operating feedback winding.
摘要翻译： 用于放电灯的启动和操作方法和装置包括限流和整流装置，其在其输出端提供低纹波限流直流电流。 为了实现灯起动，串联的电感器和电容器形成高“Q”谐振电路，电容器连接在待操作的灯上。 该启动电路通过隔离电容器和DC的低纹波源连接充电电阻。 包括振荡器的一对晶体管在DC源极之间连接发射极到集电极，共同连接的发射极和集电极连接到阻塞电容器。 驱动空心变压器在启动和运行电路中具有单独的反馈绕组，驱动绕组与晶体管相关联。 触发二极管用于初始地振荡晶体管中的一个，其初始振荡以产生具有与启动电路的谐振频率对应的频率的方波。 在灯点亮之后，晶体管以自振荡模式工作，工作频率由电流流入工作反馈绕组的速率决定。
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8.发明授权Circuit interrupter with digital trip unit and potentiometers for parameter entry 失效具有数字跳闸单元的电路断路器和用于参数输入的电位计
公开(公告)号：US4331997A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-25
申请号：US140558
申请日：1980-04-15
CPC分类号： H02H3/006
摘要： A circuit interrupter includes a microprocessor-based trip unit, a numeric display, and a plurality of potentiometers each associated with one parameter of the time-current trip characteristic of the circuit interrupter. The trip unit provides a sequential display of the present setting values of the time-current trip characteristic parameters. Adjustment of any of the potentiometers is operable to interrupt the sequential display and to cause the present setting of the parameter associated with the adjusted potentiometer to be displayed. Adjustment of the potentiometer to either limit of its travel causes the most conservative setting value for that parameter to be selected. A hysteresis feature is provided to require a significant adjustment of the potentiometer before a different parameter setting will be selected.Although the potentiometers are continuously variable, operator adjustment thereof results in the selection of one of eight predetermined discrete values stored in the trip unit.
摘要翻译： 电路断路器包括基于微处理器的跳闸单元，数字显示器和多个电位器，每个电位器与电路断续器的时间 - 电流跳闸特性的一个参数相关联。 跳闸单元提供时间电流跳闸特性参数的当前设定值的顺序显示。 可以调节任何电位器来中断顺序显示，并且使得显示与调节的电位器相关联的参数的当前设置。 将电位器调整到其行程的任何一个限制都会导致选择该参数的最保守的设定值。 提供滞后功能，以便在选择不同的参数设置之前需要对电位器进行显着的调整。 尽管电位器是连续可变的，但是操作员的调整导致存储在跳闸单元中的八个预定离散值之一的选择。
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公开(公告)号：US4080640A
公开(公告)日：1978-03-21
申请号：US727064
申请日：1976-09-27
申请人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
CPC分类号： H02H3/33
摘要： A ground fault circuit interrupter comprises separable contacts for interrupting current flow through a power circuit being protected, trip means operable upon energization to effect separation of the contacts, means for detecting ground fault current, means for monitoring voltage upon the power circuit, and means responsive to the ground fault current detecting means and the voltage monitoring means for energizing the trip means when ground fault current reaches a trip current level. The trip current level varies as a function of the power circuit voltage.
摘要翻译： 接地故障电路断路器包括用于中断通过被保护的电源电路的电流的可分离触点，在通电时可操作以实现触点分离的跳闸装置，用于检测接地故障电流的装置，用于监视电源电路上的电压的装置，以及响应于装置 接地故障电流检测装置和用于在接地故障电流达到跳闸电流水平时对跳闸装置通电的电压监视装置。 跳闸电流电平根据电源电路电压而变化。
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公开(公告)号：US4057750A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-08
申请号：US684513
申请日：1976-05-10
申请人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel , Gary F. Saletta
发明人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel , Gary F. Saletta
CPC分类号： H05B41/048 , Y10T307/344 , Y10T307/375 , Y10T307/664
摘要： To prevent high-intensity-discharge (HID) lamps from extinguishing for prolonged periods due to a power interruption or an appreciable drop in line voltage, a rectifier-battery combination provides standby power for operating a high-frequency inverter. The output of the inverter connects to the HID lamps through impedance means which passes a greatly reduced high-frequency current as compared to the normal lamp operating current, in order to sustain the operation of the lamps at a very reduced power level. Upon restoration of the normal line voltage, the lamps again operate with normal power consumption. The same wiring can be used for both the normal lamp operating current and the high-frequency sustaining current or separate wiring systems can be used if desired. The high-frequency current can be supplied simultaneously with the normal operating current or the high-frequency current can be supplied only during periods of power interruption. In the latter case, the high-frequency sustaining current is continued for a period of at least 0.1 second after restoration of the normal line voltage to prevent the HID lamps from extinguishing.
摘要翻译： 为了防止高强度放电（HID）灯由于电源中断或线电压明显下降而长时间熄灭，整流电池组合提供用于操作高频逆变器的备用电源。 逆变器的输出通过与通常的灯工作电流相比通过大大降低的高频电流的阻抗装置连接到HID灯，以便以非常低的功率水平维持灯的操作。 在恢复正常线路电压后，灯泡将以正常的功耗再次工作。 同样的布线可以用于正常的灯工作电流和高频维持电流，或者如果需要，可以使用单独的接线系统。 高频电流可以与正常工作电流同时供电，或只能在电源中断期间提供高频电流。 在后一种情况下，在恢复正常线路电压之后，高频维持电流持续至少0.1秒的时间，以防止HID灯熄灭。
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