摘要:
An activated carbon/polyacene composite is disclosed. The composite contains activated carbon powder or fiber and having a selected molar ratio range of hydrogen atoms [H] to carbon atoms [C] of 0.01.ltoreq.[H]/[C].ltoreq.0.2. It provides two or more times the capacitance per unit volume, and enables reduction of the equivalent series resistance of an electric double-layer capacitor without compression. It therefore is a suitable composite for use as polarizable electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors. The composite can be made by mixing activated carbon powder or fiber and a thermosetting resin powder such as phenolin resin powder, and subjecting the mixture to heat treatment in a nonoxidizing atmosphere at temperatures between 600.degree. and 1000.degree. C. which is insufficient to reach full carbonization of the thermosetting resin.
摘要:
An electric double layer capacitor is proposed which is constructed by sandwiching a laminated body of a pair of polarizable electrodes consisting of a porous solid conductive material each impregnated with an electrolytic solution and a platelike ion permeating separator member, between a pair of collectors for external connection terminals, and housing the aggregate in a gasket, wherein the gap between the inner surface of the gasket and the outer surface of the laminated body is filled with an auxiliary electrolytic solution. The auxiliary electrolytic solution consists of glass fibers or water absorbing polymer impregnated with gelatinous electrolytic solution or a liquid electrolytic solution, and replenishes the lost portion due to evaporation and leakage of the electrolytic solution of the electric double layer capacitor. Moreover, this auxiliary electrolytic solution acts as a buffer to mechanical impact externally applied to the capacitor. Therefore, the electric double layer capacitor according to this invention has excellent resistance to high temperature and resistance to impact.
摘要:
The invention provides a polarizable electrode composed of activated carbon/carbon composite having micropores among which micropores having a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 micrometers have a volume ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 cm.sup.3 /g. The composite further has a specific surface area equal to or greater than 1000 m.sup.2 /g, and a density equal to or greater than 0.5 g/cm.sup.3. The micropores having a diameter of micrometers order to be formed in the polarizable electrode in accordance with the invention, facilitate the movement of ions in the electrode. Thus, it is possible to accomplish a polarizable electrode suitable for a larger amount of current discharge.
摘要:
An electrophotographic apparatus is provided including an electrophotographic photosensitive member which includes a surface protective layer; and an exposure device which irradiates a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with an exposure beam so as to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the surface protective layer includes a material having no structure to provide charge transporting performance and has a plurality of through holes penetrating from the side of the front surface of the surface protective layer to the side of the charge transport layer, and the thickness of the surface protective layer is from 0.1 μm or more to 1.5 μm or less, and wherein when the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is irradiated with the exposure beam, two or more of the through holes are included in an exposure beam spot.
摘要:
A piezoceramic multilayer actuator (10) has a plurality of piezoceramic layers (12), a security layer (20) and a plurality of inner electrodes (16, 18). The piezoceramic layers (12) has a piezoceramic first material sintered at a sintering temperature. The security layer (20) has a second material and is disposed between two piezoceramic layers (12). Each of the plurality of inner electrodes (16, 18) has a third material and is deposited between two piezoceramic layers (12). The degree of sintering of the second material is lower than the degree of sintering of the third material.
摘要:
A multi-layer piezoelectric element having higher durability which experience less decrease in the amount of displacement even when operated continuously over a long period of time under a high pressure and a high voltage is provided. The multi-layer piezoelectric element comprises a plurality of piezoelectric layers and a plurality of internal electrode layers, wherein the piezoelectric layers and the internal electrode layers are stacked alternately one on another, and at least one of the plurality of internal electrode layers contains at least one nitride, titanium nitride or zirconium nitride.
摘要:
A production method of an electrophotographic photosensitive member which has high productivity when producing a surface layer in which depressed portions which are independent respectively are formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member surface, and can produce highly uniform depressed portions in a photosensitive member surface, characterized by producing the surface layer by (1) a coating step of producing a coating liquid for a surface layer containing a binder resin and a specific solvent, and coating it on a surface of a cylindrical supporting member, (2) a condensation step of holding the cylindrical supporting member on which the coating liquid for a surface layer is coated, and condensing the surface of the cylindrical supporting member, and (3) a drying step of baking the cylindrical supporting member.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which is excellent in cleaning performance, has improved durability, and suppresses image defects in various environments. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer provided on the support. Depressed portions independent of one another are formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member so that the number of the depressed portions per 100 μm square is 76 or more and 1,000 or less. The openings of the depressed portions have an average major axis diameter of more than 3.0 μm and 14.0 μm or less.
摘要:
A process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which has the step of bringing i) the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a charge transport layer on a cylindrical support and ii) a mold having a fine unevenness surface profile into pressure contact with each other to transfer the fine unevenness surface profile to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The mold and the support are so temperature-controlled as to be T3
摘要:
An image forming method is disclosed having a charging step, an exposure step, a developing step and a transfer step. This method uses a toner which includes toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, and inorganic fine powder, and uses a photosensitive member which has on its surface depressed portions which are independent of one another. The depressed portions have openings having an average minor-axis diameter Lpc satisfying the relationship of Dg