摘要:
A transfer guide is provided which includes a guide member for guiding paper to a transfer point and a paper holding member using an electrically conductive member attached to the guide member by means of a spring member and disposed in the vicinity of a surface of a photosensitive drum, such that the gap becomes narrow for thin paper and the gap widens for thick paper in correspondence with the ream weight of the paper.
摘要:
An image recording apparatus and a method of using the image recording apparatus. The image recording apparatus has a sheet sending path connecting a sheet supply section, an image forming section, and a sheet discharge section. A pull-in path branches from the sheet sending path, and a return path branches from the pull-in path to define a branch point. A first pair and a second pair of conveying rollers are provided on the pull-in path on respective sides of the branch point.The first pair and the second pair of conveying rollers are independently drivable in a forward direction and a reverse direction.
摘要:
In an electrophotographic printing apparatus, when the conveying speed of the timing roller (1a, 1b) is Vt, the conveying speed of the register roller (2a, 2b) is Vr, the peripheral speed of the photoreceptor drum (3) is V0, and the conveying speed of the conveying apparatus (5) is Vf, each speed is set to satisfy the relationship of Vf>V0≧Vr>Vt, and when a sheet deflection amount formed when the sheet comes into contact with the register roller, is &dgr;r, the sheet deflection amount at the photoreceptor drum entry section is &dgr;0, and the sheet length is Lp, each value is regulated so that the relationships of &dgr;r≧Lp ((Vr−Vt)/Vt) and &dgr;0≧Lp ((Vf−V0)/V0) are satisfied.
摘要:
An optical modulator comprises an optical waveguide provided on an electro-optic substrate and formed of a first region for optical phase modulation and a second region for optical amplitude modulation cascaded with each other on the substrate, a signal electrode covering the optical waveguide for the first and second regions, and a ground electrode covering a surface of the substrate for the first and second regions, wherein the signal electrode includes an electrode strip extending on the surface of the substrate to continuously cover the optical waveguide from the first region to the second region, and wherein the ground electrode includes an electrode strip extending from the first region to the second region and covering the optical waveguide only in the first region.
摘要:
This invention aims at providing an optical waveguide device capable of stably operating for an extended period of time. The optical waveguide device comprises an optical waveguide path formed inside a surface of an electro-optical substrate, a buffer layer formed on the optical waveguide path, and a driving electrode for impressing an electric field so as to change a refractive index of the optical waveguide path, wherein the buffer layer is made of a transparent dielectric or insulator of a mixture between silicon dioxide and an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of the metal elements of the Groups III to VIII, Ib and IIb of the Periodic Table and semiconductor elements other than silicon, or a transparent dielectric or insulator of an oxide between silicon and at least one of the metal elements and semiconductor elements described above.
摘要:
A method of connecting optical fibers with each other or with optical waveguides using a connection aid. The connecting aid has a hole into which the fiber is inserted and secured and from which hole a tip portion of the fiber protrudes slightly, and an adhesive or solder is applied to a gap between two adjacent connection aids or between an end surface of the waveguide and an opposed surface of the connection aid. The connection aid may contain an array of two or more optical fibers. The connection method can be used to produce reliable, strong and low-loss connections between the optical fibers or between and optical waveguide and the optical fibers.
摘要:
A biaxially stretched composite styrene resin sheet of a multilayer structure, comprising at least one layer of polystyrene and at least two layers of a mixture of polystyrene and styrene/butadiene block copolymer resin, wherein both outside layers are formed of said mixture, the thickness of each of the outside layers is 1 to 20% of the total thickness of the sheet, and the entire sheet is biaxially stretched.
摘要:
An optical switch comprising: an electrode-optic crystal substrate (1, 1'); a central waveguide (21); a pair of input waveguides (22, 23), and a pair of output waveguides (24, 25). A refractive-index-changed region (R') is provided symmetrically within some part of the central waveguide. Switching from the straight-through state to the branching state or vice versa is carried out by introducing a change in the refractive index of the index-changed region.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an optical device to be used for, for example, terminal apparatus or repeating installations of optical communication systems. In order to reduce an inter-polarization error of an optical signal taking place at input of an optical signal with a high bit rate to enhance the optical signal communication accuracy, the optical device is constructed such that optical waveguides are formed on substrates each having a double refraction, and the two inter-polarization effective optical path lengths for the optical signal are made to be equal to each other at the optical signal propagation in the optical waveguides.
摘要:
A compact optical device operating as a WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) filter is provided. The optical device includes a slab optical waveguide having first and second end faces opposed to each other, a plurality of first optical waveguides connected to the first end face of the slab optical waveguide, and a plurality of second optical waveguides connected to the second end face of the slab optical waveguide. Each of the second optical waveguides includes a first cavity connected to the slab optical waveguide and a second cavity acutely connected through a first reflecting surface to the first cavity. The second cavity is terminated by a second reflecting surface. Each second cavity is so configured as to be folded back to the corresponding first cavity, so that the optical device can be made compact in setting a required optical path difference between the second optical waveguides. This optical device can be used as an optical multiplexer or an optical demultiplexer in a system adopting WDM.