公开(公告)号：US07114384B1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-03

申请号：US08015665

申请日：1993-02-09

申请人： Kenn S. Bates ,  Kenneth M. Kunz ,  Barton H. Rowlett ,  David B. Chang

发明人： Kenn S. Bates ,  Kenneth M. Kunz ,  Barton H. Rowlett ,  David B. Chang

IPC分类号： G01F17/00 ,  G01F23/18

CPC分类号： G01F23/296 ,  G01F17/00

摘要： An adiabatic liquid volume sensor system is described, which employs a main chamber in a back-to-back configuration with a reference chamber of known volume. The system measures liquid volume in the main chamber by making low frequency acoustic measurements of the acoustic pressure differences in the two closed chambers when driven with a sinusoidal frequency from the same speaker. Pressure transducers in each chamber measure acoustic adiabatic pressures in each chamber. The ratio of these pressures multiplied by the known volume of the reference chamber yields the volume of gas in the main chamber. The volume of liquid is equal to the known volume of the main chamber minus the calculated gas volume.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种绝热的液体体积传感器系统，其采用具有已知体积的参考室的背对背配置的主室。 该系统通过对来自相同扬声器的正弦频率驱动的两个闭合腔室中的声压差的低频声学测量来测量主室中的液体体积。 每个室中的压力传感器测量每个室中的声学绝热压力。 这些压力乘以参考室的已知体积的比率产生主室中的气体体积。 液体的体积等于主室的已知体积减去计算出的气体体积。

公开(公告)号：US5251482A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-12

申请号：US552642

申请日：1990-07-16

申请人： Kenn S. Bates ,  David B. Chang

发明人： Kenn S. Bates ,  David B. Chang

IPC分类号： G01F17/00 ,  G01F22/00 ,  G01F22/02 ,  G01F23/296 ,  G01F23/28

CPC分类号： G01F23/2966 ,  G01F17/00 ,  G01F22/02

摘要： An acoustic fuel (or other liquid, powder or solid) sensor is disclosed. The sensor measures the volume of fuel in a container of known size. The air within the container is excited by an acoustic transducer. The transducer is driven by a frequency scanning source, and the frequency response of the air cavity within the container is monitored. This frequency response is then processed to determine the volume of air in the container, and the fuel volume is determined to be the total container volume less the air volume. In one embodiment, a tube connects the transducer through an orifice to the air volume, and the frequency response is observed to determine the resonant frequency of the air cavity within the container. The volume of the air cavity is then determined from the resonant frequency. The volume of the fuel is then determined from the tank volume minus the volume of the air cavity.

公开(公告)号：US5072188A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-10

申请号：US447333

申请日：1989-12-07

申请人： Brian M. Pierce ,  David B. Chang ,  Kenn S. Bates

发明人： Brian M. Pierce ,  David B. Chang ,  Kenn S. Bates

IPC分类号： G01N22/00 ,  B05B5/025 ,  G01R27/22

CPC分类号： G01R27/22

摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring the conductivity of a fluid. The apparatus 10 provides both a contact and non-contact monitoring of fluid conductivity by measuring the A.C. dielectric properties of the fluid. The apparatus 10 transmits an electromagnetic wave into the fluid 22 and analyzes the transmitted and reflected waves providing an indication of the conductivity of the fluid 22. The apparatus 10 is versatile in that it allows for the fluid to be in the form of a spray. In a specific illustrative implementation, a novel nozzle is provided to monitor the conductivity of paint spray 22 as it passes therethrough.

公开(公告)号：US5361034A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-01

申请号：US732512

申请日：1991-07-18

申请人： Brian M. Pierce ,  David B. Chang ,  Kenn S. Bates

发明人： Brian M. Pierce ,  David B. Chang ,  Kenn S. Bates

IPC分类号： G01N22/00 ,  B05B5/025 ,  G01R27/22 ,  G01R29/12 ,  G01N27/60

CPC分类号： G01R27/22

摘要： An apparatus for measuring the conductivity of a fluid is disclosed. The invention 10 provides both a contact and non-contact monitoring of fluid conductivity by measuring the A.C. dielectric properties of the fluid. The invention 10 transmits an electromagnetic wave into the fluid 22 and analyzes the transmitted and reflected waves providing an indication of the conductivity of the fluid 22. The invention 10 is versatile in that it allows for the fluid to be in the form of a spray. In a specific illustrative implementation, a novel nozzle is provided to monitor the conductivity of paint spray 22 as it passes therethrough.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量流体的电导率的装置。 本发明10通过测量流体的交联电介质性能来提供流体导电性的接触和非接触式监测。 本发明10将电磁波传输到流体22中并分析透射和反射波，提供流体22的电导率的指示。本发明10是通用的，因为其允许流体呈喷雾形式。 在具体的说明性实施方式中，提供了一种新颖的喷嘴来监测喷漆22在其通过时的电导率。

公开(公告)号：US5179028A

公开(公告)日：1993-01-12

申请号：US511707

申请日：1990-04-20

申请人： Victor Vali ,  Kenn S. Bates ,  David B. Chang ,  Brian M. Pierce

发明人： Victor Vali ,  Kenn S. Bates ,  David B. Chang ,  Brian M. Pierce

IPC分类号： G01N9/00 ,  G01N33/53 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G01N33/552

CPC分类号： G01N33/5308 ,  G01N33/54373 ,  G01N33/552 ,  Y10S436/806 ,  Y10S436/908 ,  Y10S73/04

摘要： A sensor for detecting the presence of a particular chemical by determining the absolute frequency shift in the oscillating frequency of an antibody-coated oscillator. Specific antibodies deposited on a high Q crystal oscillator detect the change in frequency as chemical particulates become trapped by the antibodies and change the effective mass of the crystal. In one embodiment, two oscillating crystals are used, one that has been coated with the antibodies, and one that is uncoated. This permits detection of frequency differences between the oscillating frequencies of the two crystals, thus eliminating pressure, temperature, and humidity corrections that conventionally must be made. The sensor maintains a high specificity by using antibodies that are specifically related to the chemical to be detected, while achieving relatively good sensitivity by using high Q oscillators, such as quartz or sapphire, and eliminating drift problems due to temperature, pressure, and humidity. In a second embodiment, a single crystal is used having antibodies coated at specific nodal locations associated with harmonics of the fundamental frequency of oscillation of the crystal. Harmonic amplitudes are measured to determine the presence of the chemical of interest.

公开(公告)号：US5041735A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-20

申请号：US475574

申请日：1990-02-06

申请人： David B. Chang ,  Slava A. Pollack ,  Kenn S. Bates ,  I-Fu Shih

发明人： David B. Chang ,  Slava A. Pollack ,  Kenn S. Bates ,  I-Fu Shih

IPC分类号： G01S3/78

CPC分类号： G01S3/7803

摘要： A miniature infrared test target that comprises a heated four-bar test target operated at a high temperature and a physically separated ambient field operated at ambient temperature. A beamsplitter is disposed relative to the test target and the field in a position to combine and transmit images thereof along a common axis. A lens is disposed along the common axis and forms a combined image of the test target and the field at its image plane. Separation of the test and field targets permits miniaturization of the test target while maintaining a temperature difference between the field and the bars that is proportional to the true temperature difference. The target overcomes the difficulty of maintaining an extremely high temperature gradient in the target. It provides a greater contrast range than that provided by conventional miniature targets. The miniature infrared test target is made with surfaces approximating a blackbody, thereby providing immunity from the Narcissus problem and the effects of complicated environmental changes.

公开(公告)号：US20110166438A1

公开(公告)日：2011-07-07

申请号：US12896733

申请日：2010-10-01

申请人： Jane F. Emerson ,  David B. Chang ,  Stephen A. Cerwin ,  James E. Drummond ,  Joy Drummond

发明人： Jane F. Emerson ,  David B. Chang ,  Stephen A. Cerwin ,  James E. Drummond ,  Joy Drummond

IPC分类号： A61B8/13 ,  A61B8/00 ,  A61B5/055

CPC分类号： A61B5/0051 ,  G01R33/4814

摘要： An Electro-Magnetic Imaging (EMAI) System is presented. EMAI systems can include induction elements (e.g., an induction coil) configured to induce a target tissue to generate internally sourced ultrasounds. The induction elements can be shielded by one or more shielding elements to shape, or otherwise alter, an imaging field while attenuating radiated fields in a far zone. EMAI systems can further include a shield tuner to adjust shield parameters to achieved desired imaging or radiated field properties. A shielding element can be placed approximately one induction coil radius away from the coil to achieve suitably strong imaging field magnitudes while also achieving suitably weak radiated field magnitudes in a far zone. In some embodiments, acoustic sensors lack substantial shielding from the fields generated by the induction elements.

摘要翻译： 介绍了电磁成像（EMAI）系统。 EMAI系统可以包括被配置为诱导靶组织以产生内部来源的超声波的感应元件（例如感应线圈）。 感应元件可以被一个或多个屏蔽元件屏蔽，以形成或以其它方式改变成像场，同时衰减远区中的辐射场。 EMAI系统还可以包括屏蔽调谐器来调节屏蔽参数以实现期望的成像或辐射场特性。 屏蔽元件可以放置在大约一个感应线圈半径远离线圈，以实现适当强的成像磁场强度，同时在远区域也实现适当的弱辐射场强。 在一些实施例中，声传感器缺少与感应元件产生的场的实质屏蔽。

公开(公告)号：US06463202B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-08

申请号：US09591084

申请日：2000-06-09

申请人： Stephen A. Cerwin ,  David B. Chang

发明人： Stephen A. Cerwin ,  David B. Chang

IPC分类号： G02B610

CPC分类号： G02B6/125 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B2006/12119

摘要： A waveguide designed to minimize bend-induced losses. The waveguide has three regions of varying indices of refraction. The indices of refraction are chosen so that the field is a trigonometric function in the core region, evanescent in the intermediate region, and trigonometric again in the outer region. The widths of each region are calculated to further reduce losses.

摘要翻译： 设计用于最小化弯曲损耗的波导。 波导具有不同折射率的三个区域。 选择折射率使得该场是核心区域中的三角函数，在中间区域中消逝，并且再次在外部区域中进行三角函数。 计算每个区域的宽度以进一步减少损失。

公开(公告)号：US5469519A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-21

申请号：US13288

申请日：1993-02-04

申请人： David B. Chang ,  Victor Vali ,  I-Fu Shih

发明人： David B. Chang ,  Victor Vali ,  I-Fu Shih

IPC分类号： G02B6/06 ,  G02B27/46 ,  G02B6/32

CPC分类号： G02B27/46 ,  G02B6/06

摘要： An improved image transmission system which includes an elongate optical waveguide 15 having an input aperture 17 and an output aperture 19. Optical apparatus 11, 13 is provided for injecting a transform of an image into the waveguide. In a specific implementation, the Fourier transform of the image is injected at the input aperture 17. The output image is transformed as well to provide the desired image. When the Fourier components of the image are transmitted, each component propagates at a different velocity. However, the magnitude of the components are preserved and used to reconstruct the image at the output of the waveguide. This allows for the transmission of optical images without digitization with a single, inexpensive waveguide.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的图像传输系统，其包括具有输入孔17和输出孔19的细长光波导15.光学装置11,13被设置用于将图像的变换注入到波导中。 在具体实现中，图像的傅里叶变换在输入孔17处被注入。输出图像也被变换以提供期望的图像。 当传输图像的傅立叶分量时，每个分量以不同的速度传播。 然而，分量的大小被保留并用于在波导的输出处重建图像。 这允许用单个廉价的波导传输光学图像而不进行数字化。

公开(公告)号：US5289266A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-22

申请号：US885066

申请日：1992-05-14

申请人： I-Fu Shih ,  David B. Chang ,  Victor Vali

发明人： I-Fu Shih ,  David B. Chang ,  Victor Vali

IPC分类号： G01B11/06 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01B11/02

CPC分类号： G01N21/8422 ,  G01B11/0616 ,  G01N2021/8427 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/55

摘要： A nondestructive method and apparatus is disclosed for determining the thickness and composition of a zinc phosphate layer applied to a metal surface, such as sheet metal on an automotive assembly line. The phosphate layer is irradiated with infrared light which is at least partially transmitted through the phosphate layer. Reflections from the upper and lower surfaces of the phosphate layer return a total reflected intensity which is a function of the optical parameters of the phosphate components and the ratio of the components corresponding to the optical parameters. In the event, for example, that a phosphate layer includes two zinc phosphate components, the measure of reflected intensity at two separate wavelengths will be different inasmuch as the optical properties of the zinc phosphate components is also a function of frequency. The measured reflected intensity and its functional dependence upon the ratio of the components within the phosphate layer can be taken together with the known values of the optical parameters of each component to compute the fraction of each component within the phosphate layer.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于确定施加到金属表面的磷酸锌层（例如汽车装配线上的金属板）的厚度和组成的非破坏性方法和装置。 用至少部分透过磷酸盐层的红外光照射磷酸盐层。 从磷酸盐层的上表面和下表面的反射返回总反射强度，其是磷酸盐组分的光学参数和对应于光学参数的组分的比率的函数。 在例如磷酸盐层包含两种磷酸锌成分的情况下，由于磷酸锌成分的光学特性也是频率的函数，所以在两个分开的波长处的反射强度的测量将是不同的。 测量的反射强度及其对磷酸盐层中组分比例的功能依赖性可以与每个组分的光学参数的已知值一起计算，以计算磷酸盐层内每个组分的分数。