摘要:
A process for producing a solution of a basic or non-basic sulfonium compound (A) of formulae II-V: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each independently represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group or an aryl group mono-, di- or tri-substituted with an alkyl, an alkylaryl, an aryl, a halogen, an alkoxy, a phenoxy, a thiophenol, a phenylsulfonyl or a phenylsulphenyl; Y represents (CH.sub.2).sub.n (wherein n is 0 or 1), O or S; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, alkoxy or a halogen; R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, alkoxy or a halogen; n is 5 or 6; and X.sub.2.sup.- represents a basic anion having a pK.sub.B value of -3 to +5; comprising the steps of: (a) dissolving a sulfonium salt (B) in a metal-ion free polar or non-polar solvent to form a solution, said sulfonium salt (B) being selected from said formulae II-V, wherein R.sup.5 to R.sup.11, Y and n of said sulfonium salt (B) have the sane meaning as above and X.sub.2.sup.- represents a non-nucleophilic anion; (b) contacting said solution for a sufficient amount of time with a basic ion-exchange resin having a quaternary ammonium group to replace the anion of (B) with a hydroxide ion and to form a sulfonium hydroxide solution; (c) separating said sulfonium hydroxide solution from the resin; and optionally (d) adding an active hydrogen containing compound or its base-labile precursor to said sulfonium hydroxide solution to yield a solution of the sulfonium compound (A) wherein X.sub.2.sup.- represents a basic anion other than a hydroxy ion.
摘要:
A novel positive-working radiation-sensitive mixture having a high sensitivity to radiation in a short-wavelength UV region is provided which can be developed in an aqueous alkaline solution, has a stable acid latent image and is used for the production of a semiconductor. The mixture comprises, as indispensable components, a) a binder insoluble in water but soluble in an aqueous alkaline solution, b) a compound having at least one bond cleavable with an acid, c) a compound capable of producing an acid upon radiation, and d.sub.1) a basic ammonium compound or d.sub.2) a basic sulfonium compound.
摘要:
Use of triacylated ethanolamines as liquid, water-miscible peroxide activatorsTriacylated ethanolamines of the formula(RCO)(R.sub.1 CO)N-(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -OCOR.sub.2where R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be identical to or different from one another, are each alkyl, alkenyl or aryl, and the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is from 8 to 14, are liquid and readily water-miscible. Owing to these properties, they are very useful as peroxide activators in liquid detergent compositions.
摘要:
A coal mining method at a long-walled pit face of a coal mine comprises combining self-advancing supports with a conveyor which is arranged along the long-walled pit face and on which a shearer is mounted, and arranging the effective shearing depth of shearing drums of the shearer to be at least half as long as the stroke of a shifter for shifting both of the self-advancing supports and the conveyor toward the pit face, whereby each of the self-advancing supports is progressively shifted toward the pit face every time that the whole area of the pit face is sheared at least twice by the shearer.
摘要:
Apparatus employed at the long-walled pit face in the coal mine so as to shift the conveyor toward the pit face wherein the conveyor which is arranged in front of the pit face and on which the shearer travels, is divided into several individual portions, and responding to signals transmitted from a position sensor arranged in each portion of the conveyor, a position signal generator attached to the shearer and a stroke sensor attached to one of hydraulic cylinders belonging to each portion on the conveyor, a group of electromagnetic valves for rendering operative the hydraulic cylinders which belong to that portion of the conveyor to be shifted are controlled so as to shift automatically when required only the corresponding portion of the conveyor.
摘要:
An operator carriage intended to be used at a long-walled pit face in a coal or metal mine and comprising endlessly running members arranged at both ends of a conveyor and driven by a motor, an operation table suspendedly attached to the side of a spill plate of the conveyor and supported by running supports such as guide rollers which are engaged with guide rails attached to the same side of the spill plate, and a carrying mechanism arranged at the operation table so as to hold the endlessly running members.
摘要:
Apparatus for drawing shearers comprises a conveyor on which the shearers move with sledges interposed therebetween and which is arranged along a long-walled pit face of a coal mine shearers drawing cable is arranged in fixing members which are arranged on the conveyor, and a pair of means are provided for releasing and fixing the cable from and into the fixing members, the means being arranged adjacent to the sledges and the cable located between the cable releasing and fixing means being engaged with a cable driving means housed in each of the shearer bodies, wherein a drawing force is applied only to the cable located between the cable releasing and fixing means when the driving means is rendered operative.
摘要:
A safety wall treating method employed in the coal mining operation at the long wall face of a coal mine comprises shearing the long wall face leaving safety wall(s) at one or both side(s) of the face but shearing through the safety wall(s) at regular intervals to form intake or exhaust openings communicating with intake or exhaust tunnels.
摘要:
A safety wall treating method employed in the coal mining operation at the long wall face of a coal mine comprises shearing the long wall face leaving safety wall(s) at one or both side(s) of the face but shearing through the safety wall(s) at regular intervals to form intake or exhaust openings communicating with intake or exhaust tunnels.
摘要:
A coal mining machine intended to be used in a pit having a long-walled pit face and having a mechanism in which two cutting drums are attached to the main ranging arm of a ranging drum shearer through a sub-ranging arm and the position of said cutting drums is defined by the cooperation of said main- and sub-ranging arms.