公开(公告)号：US4283261A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-11

申请号：US100256

申请日：1979-12-04

申请人： Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Bodo Ziegler

发明人： Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Bodo Ziegler

IPC分类号： G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/46

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071

摘要： To measure partial oxygen pressure in gases, particularly exhaust gases of automotive-type combustion engines, a solid electrolyte plate of elongated rectangular configuration has at least one electrode pair applied to a single surface thereof, which is exposed to the measuring gas. Preferably, the gap between electrodes is elongated, by forming the electrodes in comb-interdigited form. A thermocouple - temperature sensor can be applied between connecting tracks for the electrodes which extend longitudinally of the electrolyte plate towards the other end thereof, through a sealing mass holding the plate within a housing, the other end forming, simultaneously, a connection terminal for connection to an electric connector or plug. A heating element can be placed on the obverse side of the plate, preferably in the position in the gap between the electrodes. More than one such sensor element may be secured in the same housing, and, for example, two such plates, back to back, with the heating element therebetween, spaced from each other, or as a common block. The sensor may be used for potentiometric and/or polarographic measurement, depending upon cover coatings on the electrodes which control exposure thereof to the gases, catalytic or non-catalytic action of the electrodes (for example being of platinum or gold, respectively) and whether a voltage is applied across the electrode terminals, or the sensor is to operate as an electrochemical cell. Such sensor can be inexpensively made, are suitable for mass production, and flexible with respect to their mode of operation.

摘要翻译： 为了测量气体，特别是汽车型内燃机的废气中的部分氧气压力，细长矩形结构的固体电解质板具有至少一个电极对，其被施加到暴露于测量气体的单个表面。 优选地，通过以梳形交错形式形成电极，电极之间的间隙是细长的。 热电偶 - 温度传感器可以被施加在电极的连接轨道之间，电极的连接轨道通过将板保持在壳体内的密封块向另一端延伸，另一端同时形成用于连接的连接端子 电连接器或插头。 加热元件可以放置在板的正面上，优选地位于电极之间的间隙中的位置。 多个这样的传感器元件可以固定在相同的壳体中，并且例如两个这样的板，背对背，加热元件在它们之间，彼此间隔开，或者作为公共块。 传感器可以用于电位和/或极谱测量，这取决于电极上的覆盖物涂层，其控制其暴露于气体，电极的催化或非催化作用（例如分别为铂或金），以及是否 在电极端子上施加电压，或者传感器用作电化学电池。 这种传感器可以廉价地制造，适合于批量生产，并且相对于它们的操作模式是灵活的。

公开(公告)号：US4277323A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-07

申请号：US121600

申请日：1980-02-14

申请人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Franz Rieger ,  Bodo Ziegler

发明人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Franz Rieger ,  Bodo Ziegler

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/413 ,  H01M8/12 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  G01N27/4067 ,  H01M8/12

摘要： To improve the response speed of an electrochemical oxygen sensor, particularly for automotive use, to sense the oxygen content in exhaust gases, and which can be operative either as a polarographic sensor (requiring application of a voltage thereto), or as a potentiometric sensor (having one catalytically active electrode and another which is less catalytically active), an elongated insulating carrier plate (29), for example of a ceramic, has layer electrodes (30, 31) applied to one major surface thereof and a layer of solid electrolyte material (32) over the electrodes, so that the electrodes will be embedded in the solid electrolyte material. The carrier plate (29) is of a material pervious to oxygen molecules. A gas-impervious insulating cover (33), for example of a ceramic glass, covers the layer of solid electrolyte material (32). A heating element (34) protected by a protective cover (35), for example of aluminum oxide, can be applied against the gas-impervious cover layer (33).

摘要翻译： 为了提高电化学氧传感器（特别是汽车用途）的响应速度来感测废气中的氧含量，并且其可以作为极谱传感器（要求施加电压）或作为电位传感器 具有一个催化活性电极，另一个催化活性较低），例如陶瓷的细长绝缘载体板（29）具有施加到其一个主表面上的层电极（30,31）和固体电解质材料层 （32），使得电极将被嵌入固体电解质材料中。 载体板（29）是可透过氧分子的材料。 例如陶瓷玻璃的不透气绝缘盖（33）覆盖固体电解质材料层（32）。 由保护罩（35）保护的例如氧化铝的加热元件（34）可被施加到不透气的覆盖层（33）上。

公开(公告)号：US4394855A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-26

申请号：US261413

申请日：1981-05-07

申请人： Reinhard Latsch ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

发明人： Reinhard Latsch ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

IPC分类号： F02B19/10 ,  F02B19/12 ,  F02B19/16 ,  F02B23/08 ,  F02P13/00

CPC分类号： F02B19/12 ,  F02B19/1009 ,  Y02T10/125

摘要： An ignition chamber device is described which has an elongated, rotationally symmetrical form. The wall of the ignition chamber which protrudes into the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine has a coaxial overflow conduit embodied by a nozzle and radially extending discharge conduits which extend into the annular chamber which surrounds the nozzle. The ignition chamber is provided with an ignition device which has a central electrode that leads from the outside into the interior and by means of this central electrode the ignition voltage is carried via a conductor path, disposed in the wall, to a wall location opposite the nozzle, from where the ignition spark can leap the gap. A heat pipe is disposed in the nozzle and includes a portion arranged in close proximity to the cylinder wall, which prevents the ignition chamber from becoming overheated and on the other hand also enables the inflowing mixture to be heated up in optimal fashion on the way to the ignition location.

摘要翻译： 描述了具有细长旋转对称形式的点火室装置。 点燃室的突出到内燃机的主燃烧室的壁具有由喷嘴和径向延伸的排放导管构成的同轴溢流导管，其延伸到围绕喷嘴的环形室中。 点火室设置有点火装置，该点火装置具有从外部引导到内部的中心电极，并且借助于该中心电极，点火电压通过布置在壁中的导体路径被承载到相对于 喷嘴，从那里点火火花可以跳过间隙。 热管设置在喷嘴中，并且包括靠近气缸壁布置的部分，其防止点火室变得过热，另一方面也使得流入的混合物能够以最佳方式被加热到途中 点火位置。

公开(公告)号：US4294679A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-13

申请号：US145738

申请日：1980-05-01

申请人： Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Ernst Linder ,  Franz Rieger ,  Gunther Stecher

发明人： Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Ernst Linder ,  Franz Rieger ,  Gunther Stecher

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  B01L3/00 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/413 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/48 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  G01N27/4067 ,  G01N27/48 ,  Y10T29/49002

摘要： To apply a measured quantity of air to the electrodes applied to a plate-like solid electrolyte body, which may be a chip on a carrier or may, itself, form the carrier, grooves, flutes, ducts, or depressions are formed in the carrier and/or a cover plate, the grooves terminating at an edge portion with access to the gas to be supplied, and having a size such that their clear height is preferably in the lower micron region, and a width, preferably under 1 mm, and particularly between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. The higher limits are applicable to apply, for example, air to a reference electrode, to apply ambient oxygen thereto; the lower limits are appropriate when operating the sensor as a polarographic sensor, in which the diffusion limited current, upon application of a bias voltage, is an analog measure of the oxygen concentration in the gas, and the gas supply to the electrode must be suitably controlled to prevent saturation conditions. The grooves may be formed, for example, by sandblasting or by applying insulating material in the form of posts, ridges, and the like, on the respective element, filling the space therebetween with a filler substance which, upon subsequent sintering, escapes, thus leaving the voids forming the grooves, depressions, and the like.

摘要翻译： 为了将应用于板状固体电解质体的电极施加测量量的空气，该固体电解质体可以是载体上的芯片，或者可以自身形成载体，在载体中形成凹槽，凹槽，管道或凹陷 和/或盖板，所述槽终止于边缘部分，具有进入待供应气体的通道，并且具有这样的尺寸，使得它们的透明高度优选地在较低的微米区域中，宽度优选地在1mm以下，以及 特别是在0.2和0.4毫米之间。 上限适用于将例如空气施加到参比电极，以向其施加环境氧; 当将传感器作为极谱传感器操作时，下限是适当的，其中在施加偏压时扩散受限电流是气体中氧浓度的模拟测量，并且对电极的气体供应必须适当 控制以防止饱和条件。 凹槽可以例如通过喷砂或通过在各个元件上施加柱状物，脊等的形式的绝缘材料形成，用填充物填充其间的空间，该填充物在随后的烧结时逸出，因此 留下形成凹槽，凹陷等的空隙。

公开(公告)号：US4355618A

公开(公告)日：1982-10-26

申请号：US207560

申请日：1980-11-17

申请人： Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Harald Reber ,  Hermann Dietz

发明人： Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Harald Reber ,  Hermann Dietz

IPC分类号： F02D41/34 ,  F02D3/00 ,  F02D41/14 ,  F02B3/00

CPC分类号： F02D41/1476

摘要： A method and apparatus is proposed for obtaining a control variable for the closed-loop control of the fuel-air ratio of the operating mixture of internal combustion engines, in which a threshold-current sensor of known structure is used. By means of varying the measurement voltage present at the threshold-current sensor by voltage amounts which correspond to a change in oxygen concentration to be expected in association with a change in operational state, the time behavior of the threshold-current sensor, which is essentially sluggish, is compensated for and it becomes possible to use it for rapidly-functioning closed-loop control systems in internal combustion engines.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种方法和装置，用于获得其中使用已知结构的阈值电流传感器的内燃机的操作混合物的燃料 - 空气比的闭环控制的控制变量。 通过将阈值电流传感器上存在的测量电压改变为与预期的运行状态变化相对应的氧浓度变化的电压量，阈值电流传感器的时间特性基本上是 缓慢，被补偿，并且可以将其用于内燃机中快速功能的闭环控制系统。

公开(公告)号：US4333439A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-08

申请号：US127158

申请日：1980-03-04

申请人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder

发明人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder

IPC分类号： F02M25/07 ,  F02D21/08 ,  F02M25/06

CPC分类号： F02D41/0065 ,  F02D41/144 ,  F02D41/005 ,  Y02T10/47

摘要： An apparatus is proposed for controlling the exhaust recirculation rate in an internal combustion engine, in particular an engine with auto-ignition, which includes preferably one mixture valve in the area of the discharge opening of the exhaust recirculation line and which is characterized in that the control is accomplished via the mixture valve position ahead of the inlet valves in accordance with the concentration of at least one component of the air-exhaust gas mixture and/or at least one component of the exhaust gas. Thus it is possible to operate the engine with a relatively emission-free exhaust. An exhaust gas reservoir is further provided, with which peaks in the exhaust gas concentration due to a dynamic driving mode can be intercepted. Finally, it is also proposed that the exhaust recirculation be realized solely via a pressure, which can be controlled in open-loop or closed-loop fashion, in the exhaust line by means of a valve.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于控制内燃机，特别是具有自动点火的发动机的排气再循环率的装置，其优选地包括在排气再循环管线的排放口的区域中的一个混合阀，并且其特征在于， 根据排气混合物的至少一种组分和/或废气的至少一种组分的浓度，通过进口阀前面的混合阀位置实现控制。 因此，可以用相对无排放的排气来操作发动机。 还设置有废气储存器，由此可以拦截由于动态驱动模式引起的废气浓度的峰值。 最后，还提出排气再循环仅通过可通过阀门在排气管路中以开环或闭环方式控制的压力来实现。

公开(公告)号：US4391691A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-05

申请号：US242579

申请日：1981-03-11

申请人： Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

发明人： Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  F02D41/14 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/48 ,  G01N27/56 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  F02D41/1476 ,  G01N27/4065 ,  G01N27/48

摘要： To render output of a polarographic sensor essentially independent of aging of electrodes and temperature effects of the solid electrolyte body, within the operating ranges of the sensor to measure the oxygen composition of exhaust gases, the solid electrolyte plate of, for example, 50 mm length, 8 mm width and 1 mm thickness has a sensing electrode system including a cathode (2), and an anode (3) applied thereto, connected to a voltage source (7) of controllable output voltage. An oxygen molecule diffusion barrier (6) is applied to the cathode electrode. Additionally, a further electrode pair (5,4) is applied to the solid electrolyte body (1), serially connected in the current limiting circuit including the control voltage source. The voltage across one (2,3) of the electrode pairs is measured and compared with the voltage across the other electrode pair (4,5) voltage source, since the resistance of the zirconium solid electrolyte body drops with increasing temperature at roughly the same rate as the increase in limit current flow with increasing temperature. Both electrode pairs (2,3; 4,5) on the solid electrolyte body (1) are exposed to the gases, the oxygen content of which is to be analyzed.

摘要翻译： 为了使极谱传感器的输出基本上独立于电极的老化和固体电解质体的温度效应，在用于测量废气的氧气组成的传感器的操作范围内，固体电解质板例如为50mm长度 宽8mm，厚1mm的感测电极系统具有与可控输出电压的电压源（7）连接的阴极（2）和阳极（3）的检测电极系统。 向阴极施加氧分子扩散阻挡层（6）。 另外，在包括控制电压源的限流电路中串联连接到固体电解质体（1）上的另一电极对（5,4）。 测量一个（2,3）电极对上的电压，并与另一个电极对（4,5）电压源上的电压进行比较，因为锆固体电解质体的电阻随温度升高大致相同而下降 随着温度的升高，限流电流的增加。 将固体电解质体（1）上的两个电极对（2,3; 4,5）暴露于要分析其含氧量的气体。

公开(公告)号：US4369748A

公开(公告)日：1983-01-25

申请号：US268856

申请日：1981-06-01

申请人： Leo Steinke ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

发明人： Leo Steinke ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

IPC分类号： G01M15/00 ,  F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/153 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G01H17/00 ,  G01L23/22 ,  F02P5/04 ,  F02B3/00

CPC分类号： G01L23/22 ,  F02P5/1525 ,  Y02T10/46

摘要： A sensor (10) optically coupled to the combustion chamber (10') of an internal combustion (IC) engine is kept free from contaminating or dirt deposits, or the like, by subjecting the sensor to mechanical shocks or vibration. The mechanical shocks or vibration are obtained by the engine itself by controlling the engine to operate for a predetermined time period as set by a monostable flip-flop (FF) (18) under controlled knocking conditions, the shock waves within the combustion chamber causing flaking off or dropping off of contaminating deposits. Controlled knocking can be obtained by advancing ignition timing by additional control of an ignition system (19) in a direction of excessive spark advance, or overriding a knocking inhibiting system already present on the engine. The degree of contamination of the sensor can be determined, for example, by integrating the light received over a predetermined angle of rotation of the engine crankshaft and comparing this rotation with the amount of fuel supplied to the engine for combustion, for example by comparison with timing of a fuel injection pulse, or the like.

摘要翻译： 光学耦合到内燃机（IC）发动机的燃烧室（10'）的传感器（10）通过使传感器受到机械冲击或振动而保持没有污染或污垢沉积物等。 发动机本身通过控制发动机在受控的爆震条件下由单稳态触发器（FF）（18）设定的预定时间段来实现机械冲击或振动，燃烧室内的冲击波引起剥落 脱落或掉落污染沉积物。 可以通过在点火系统（19）的过度火花提前的方向上进一步控制点火正时或者超越已经存在于发动机上的爆震抑制系统来获得控制爆震。 传感器的污染程度可以例如通过将在发动机曲轴的预定旋转角度上接收到的光积分并将该旋转与供给到发动机用于燃烧的燃料量进行比较来确定，例如通过与 燃料喷射脉冲的定时等。

公开(公告)号：US4358952A

公开(公告)日：1982-11-16

申请号：US214513

申请日：1980-12-09

申请人： Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Klaus Muller ,  Ernst Linder

发明人： Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Klaus Muller ,  Ernst Linder

IPC分类号： F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/153 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G01L23/22

CPC分类号： G01L23/22

摘要： To detect detonations in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the sensor system is constructed as a unit that may be threadedly engaged with the combustion chamber wall, the unit including an antechamber in the region near the combustion chamber and a detector being disposed at the base of the antechamber. The sensor system further may be equipped with a heater for burning off contaminations. In a further embodiment, at least one filter disc is disposed in front of the detector, so that a selective processing of the received optical signals is possible.

摘要翻译： 为了检测内燃机的燃烧室中的爆震，传感器系统被构造为可以与燃烧室壁螺纹接合的单元，该单元包括在燃烧室附近的区域中的前室，并且检测器设置在 前厅的基地。 传感器系统还可以配备有用于燃烧污染物的加热器。 在另一个实施例中，至少一个滤光片设置在检测器的前面，使得接收到的光信号的选择性处理是可能的。

公开(公告)号：US4334974A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-15

申请号：US121598

申请日：1980-02-14

申请人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Franz Rieger ,  Karl H. Friese ,  Harald Reber ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Hermann Ziener ,  Friedrich Esper ,  Gerhard Holfelder

发明人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Franz Rieger ,  Karl H. Friese ,  Harald Reber ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Hermann Ziener ,  Friedrich Esper ,  Gerhard Holfelder

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  G01N27/403 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/413 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  G01N27/4067

摘要： To permit a layer construction, which is inexpensive and lends itself to mass production manufacture, a solid electrolyte body, in plate-like construction, with electrodes at either thereof is positioned in a housing with a portion thereof extending in the region where it is exposed to gases to be sensed; a porous cover is applied on one of the electrodes, the porous cover having a predetermined diffusion resistance to oxygen molecules. A flat insulating plate of approximately the same dimension as the solid electrolyte plate is positioned flat thereagainst, and a flat layer-like electrical heating element is secured on the flat insulating plate or, in other embodiments, against another insulating covering on the other side of the heating element as well, close to the electrodes and adjacent the plane surfaces of the body. The heating element and the electrodes of the sensing element are carried out as conductive tracks for connection to respective sources of operating or biassing potential and, with respect to the sensing electrodes, to an evaluation circuit.

摘要翻译： 为了允许廉价的并且适合批量生产制造的层结构，板状结构中的固体电解质体，其中的电极位于壳体中，其一部分在其暴露的区域中延伸 对待检测的气体; 在其中一个电极上施加多孔覆盖层，多孔覆盖层对氧分子具有预定的扩散阻力。 与固体电解质板大致相同尺寸的平板绝缘板位于平坦的平面上，平板状电加热元件固定在平绝缘板上，或者在其他实施例中固定在另一侧的另一绝缘覆盖物 加热元件也靠近电极并且靠近主体的平面。 感测元件的加热元件和电极被执行为用于连接到相应的操作或偏置电位源的导电轨道，并且相对于感测电极被执行到评估电路。