Abstract:
The electrochemical determination of the oxygen concentration, particularly in biological matter, is possible by means of an oxygen sensor with a measuring electrode and a counter electrode over long periods of time, even if the sensor is implanted, by taking the following measures; two potentials are cyclically impressed on the measuring electrode, with one potential (measuring potential) in the range -1.4 V.ltoreq..rho.Ag/AgCl.ltoreq.-0.4 V, and the other potential (recovery potential) in the range -0.2 V.ltoreq..rho.Ag/AgCl.ltoreq.+0.2 V; the dwelling time at the measuring potential is small as compared to the duration of the cycle; and the current flowing during the measuring period is evaluated as the measuring signal.
Abstract translation:通过采取以下措施,即使传感器被植入,氧浓度的电化学测定,特别是生物物质的电化学测定也可以通过具有测量电极和对电极长时间的氧传感器来实现。 在测量电极上周期性地施加两个电势,其中一个电位(测量电位)在-1.4V u> Ag / AgCl - -0.4V的范围内,另一个电位(恢复电位)在-0.2的范围内 V = rho Ag / AgCl = + 0.2V; 与循环持续时间相比,测量电位的住宅时间小; 并且在测量期间流动的电流被评估为测量信号。
Abstract:
Physiological frequency control of a heart pacemaker having a stimulating electrode is accomplished by providing an oxygen measuring electrode and placing it in the body tissue, loading the oxygen measuring electrode with stimulating pulses in parallel with the stimulating electrode, measuring the potential of the oxygen measuring electrode relative to another electrode between stimulating pulses, and controlling the frequency of the pacemaker as a function of the measured potential.
Abstract:
A method for the manufacture of electrodes for electrochemical cells, is provided in which a Raney rare-metal catalytic layer is disposed on a metallic support structure in layer form. According to the invention, the Raney rare-metal catalytic layer is prepared by dissolving the inactive component of a layer, disposed on the support structure, of a homogeneous alloy of at least one of the metals of the platinum group of the periodic system of the elements as the active component and at least one of the metals of the iron group of the periodic system of the elements as the inactive component; the content of inactive component being at least 65 atom-percent.
Abstract:
An implantable electrode, particularly a stimulation electrode, in which the electrode head consists of vitreous carbon which is preferably surface activated.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the indirect oxidation of urea by means of an electrochemical cell having two electrodes, to which an aqueous chloride-containing urea solution is supplied, and has as its object the provision of a method such that the urea is removed from the solution as completely as possible, without further changes occurring in the solution. According to the invention, the cell is divided for that purpose by an ion-conducting membrane into two spaces, one of which contains the anode and the other the cathode, and the solution is supplied first to the anode space and then to the cathode space. The method according to the invention serves in particular for extra-corporal blood purification.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an electrochemical capacitor with electrodes of activated carbon. Such a capacitor is to be improved in the sense that the electrodes are mechanically stable and also exhibit a large capacity per unit of area. To this end, the invention provides electrodes which consist of glass carbon activated in concentrated sulfuric acid at temperatures of up to about 330.degree. C. The electrochemical capacitor according to the invention is suitable for use in electric circuits.
Abstract:
An implantable electrode, particularly a stimulation electrode, in which the electrode head consists of vitreous carbon which is preferably surface activated.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an implantable dosing device for the continuous, controllable release of medication in the human or animal body, comprising a medicine reservoir of variable volume and a liquid chamber which is tensionally connected to the medicine reservoir and the volume of which can be varied by liquid which is transported through an ion exchange diaphragm by electro-osmosis due to an electric field between two electrodes. According to the invention, the electrodes in such an implantable dosing device are hydrogen electrodes which are connected to each other by a line for hydrogen, and means are further provided for compensating hydrogen losses.
Abstract:
Solid electrolyte capacitors are produced in such a way that a formed metallic anode body which has pores passing through it is arranged on a working electrode, and a conductive polymer is deposited in the pores of the anode body by electochemical polymerization of a monomer in the liquid phase, in the presence of a conducting salt. The polymer is provided with a contact point.
Abstract:
The invention discloses an apparatus for maximizing the uniformity of distribution of gasification medium in a rotary grid generator. To insure proper input, a distribution head is rotatably mounted within the interior of the rotary grid, and the distribution head is connected by means of elastic input conduits to either openings which are directly connected with the reactor chamber, or to distribution chambers in the individual segments of the rotary grid. Through use of the apparatus, the formation of canals through preferential gas flow in the solid beds of pressure gas generators is eliminated.