摘要:
A method for producing an organic light-emitting device is provided for an organic light-emitting device having a substrate provided with external connection terminals, organic light-emitting elements provided on the substrate, and a protective film that covers the organic light-emitting elements. The method includes, sequentially, providing a protective film removal layer on the external connection terminals, forming the protective film on the substrate, dividing the substrate on which the protective film has been formed, and cleaning the substrate with water, an aqueous solution, or a solvent. The protective film removal layer and the protective film are removed from the external connection terminals as a result of cleaning the substrate.
摘要:
A method for producing an organic light-emitting device is provided for an organic light-emitting device having a substrate provided with external connection terminals, organic light-emitting elements provided on the substrate, and a protective film that covers the organic light-emitting elements. The method includes, sequentially, providing a protective film removal layer on the external connection terminals, forming the protective film on the substrate, dividing the substrate on which the protective film has been formed, and cleaning the substrate with water, an aqueous solution, or a solvent. The protective film removal layer and the protective film are removed from the external connection terminals as a result of cleaning the substrate.
摘要:
An organic EL device includes a substrate; a layered structure including a first electrode, an organic layer, and a second electrode disposed on the substrate in this order; and laminated protective layers surrounding at least the layered structure. The protective layers are composed of silicon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and fluorine. The fluorine content in the outermost protective layer is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 atomic percent.
摘要:
An organic EL device includes a substrate; a layered structure including a first electrode, an organic layer, and a second electrode disposed on the substrate in this order; and laminated protective layers surrounding at least the layered structure. The protective layers are composed of silicon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and fluorine. The fluorine content in the outermost protective layer is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 atomic percent.
摘要:
An organic EL device includes a substrate; a layered structure including a first electrode, an organic layer, and a second electrode disposed on the substrate in this order; and laminated protective layers surrounding at least the layered structure. The protective layers are composed of silicon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and fluorine. The fluorine content in the outermost protective layer is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 atomic percent.
摘要:
A silicon based film is provided which comprises a crystal phase formed on a substrate with a surface shape represented by a function f, wherein the silicon-based film is formed on a substrate with a surface shape having a standard deviation of an inclination arctan (df/dx) from 15° to 55° within the range of a sampling length dx from 20 nm to 100 nm. Raman scattering strength resulting from an amorphous component in the silicon-based film is not more than a Raman scattering strength resulting from a crystalline component. A difference between a spacing in a direction parallel to a principal surface of the substrate and a spacing of a single crystal silicon is within the range of 0.2% to 1.0% with regard to the spacing of the single crystal silicon.
摘要:
Communication between users not accessing a shared virtual reality space at the same time is realized. A client terminal sends a calling card and a mail. A hard disk drive of a mail server holds the calling card and the mail. When a user to whom the calling card and the mail are to be sent accesses the shared virtual reality space, the mail server transfers the calling card and the mail to the client terminal.
摘要:
To allow the user who wants to use three-dimensional virtual reality spaces to easily select a desired three-dimensional virtual reality space. When the browser is started with data about a three-dimensional virtual reality space stored in a predetermined directory, this predetermined directory is searched. According to the search result, an entry room in which three-dimensional icons representing three-dimensional virtual reality spaces are arranged is generated and displayed. The three-dimensional icons arranged in the entry room are linked to the data of the corresponding three-dimensional virtual reality spaces. When user clicks on a desired three-dimensional icon, the corresponding three-dimensional virtual reality space is displayed.
摘要:
A photovoltaic cell comprising a substrate, a back reflector, a transparent conductive layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the transparent conductive layer has holes on the surface, is provided. Additionally, a photovoltaic cell comprising a substrate, a back reflector, a transparent conductive layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer, wherein diffuse reflectance of the back reflector is 3 to 50%, is provided. According to the above-described structures, processability, yield and reliability of the photovoltaic cell can be improved, while photoelectric conversion efficiency is maintained at a high level due to back-surface diffuse reflection.
摘要:
A photovoltaic device of the present invention has a non-single-crystal semiconductor. A layer underlying the non-single-crystal semiconductor has a polycrystalline structure. Individual grains of the polycrystal exposed in the surface of the underlying layer have smooth surfaces. The surface of the underlying layer has a step along the grain boundaries of the polycrystal, or a protrusion or recess at the grain boundaries. Alternatively, polycrystal grains having rough surfaces and polycrystal grains having smooth surfaces commonly exist in the surface of the polycrystalline layer. The polycrystalline layer may be a substrate of the photovoltaic device. The present invention, by virtue of the use of such a polycrystalline layer, provides a highly reliable and efficient thin-film photovoltaic device which enhances light absorption by the semiconductor layer and which can be produced at a high yield even at a practically adoptable low cost, while eliminating deficiencies of known arts in regard to workability, yield and durability.