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    Multicast switching
    3.
    发明授权
    Multicast switching 失效
    组播切换

    公开(公告)号：US06331983B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-12-18

    申请号：US08852188

    申请日：1997-05-06

    申请人： William T. Haggerty ,  Phillip Andlauer ,  Stephen H. Negus

    发明人： William T. Haggerty ,  Phillip Andlauer ,  Stephen H. Negus

    IPC分类号： H04L1266

    CPC分类号： H04L12/185

    摘要： Method and apparatus for establishing connections in a switch-based communications network for multicast traffic. A source receives a multicast packet on an access port from a source host, determines a group address in the multicast packet, and composes and sends a “sender present” message to other switches on its network ports. The receiving switches determine whether a local host wishes to join the group and if so, send a map message back toward the source switch on a predetermined path between the receiving switch and the source switch. A map message may terminate at a switch on the path that already has a connection for this group/source pair, and join into this connection as an additional output port. In this manner, a “signal out, connect back” method is provided for establishing a connection path from the sender to multiple receivers. In addition, multicast traffic can be sent across a switch/router interface in either direction, providing for controlled multicast traffic between router-based networks and switch-based networks.

    摘要翻译： 用于在用于组播业务的基于交换机的通信网络中建立连接的方法和装置。 源从源主机在接入端口接收到组播报文，确定组播报文中的组地址，并将“发送方存在”消息发送给其网络端口上的其他交换机。 接收交换机确定本地主机是否希望加入组，如果是，则在接收交换机和源交换机之间的预定路径上向源交换机发回地图消息。 映射消息可以在已经具有该组/源对的连接的路径上的交换机上终止，并且作为附加输出端口加入到该连接中。 以这种方式，提供“信号输出，连接回”方法，用于建立从发送器到多个接收器的连接路径。 此外，组播流量可以通过交换机/路由器接口在任一方向上发送，从而提供基于路由器的网络和基于交换机的网络之间的受控组播流量。

    Monochromatic representation of color images
    4.
    发明授权
    Monochromatic representation of color images 失效
    彩色图像的单色表示

    公开(公告)号：US4688031A

    公开(公告)日：1987-08-18

    申请号：US595027

    申请日：1984-03-30

    申请人： William T. Haggerty

    发明人： William T. Haggerty

    IPC分类号： H04N1/60 ,  G06F3/153 ,  G06K15/00 ,  G06K15/02 ,  G09G3/20 ,  G09G5/00 ,  G09G5/02 ,  G09G5/36 ,  H04N1/40 ,  H04N1/46 ,  G09G3/00

    CPC分类号： G06K15/02 ,  G06K15/00 ,  G09G5/028 ,  H04N1/40012 ,  G06K2215/0094 ,  G09G3/2051

    摘要： A color to monochromatic image transformation which transforms each color area of the original image into a corresponding area of a monochromatic image having a particular pattern of `light` and `dark` dots corresponding to and representing the original color of the area. The dot patterns are selected to provide both gray scale representations of the original colors and differing textural appearances for each color, so as to maximize the discrimination between the areas of the monochromatic image. The monochromatic dot patterns do not necessarily correspond exactly to the colors or gray scale values of the original colors, but are selected to provide visual impressions analogous to the visual impressions provided by the corresponding original colors.A further feature of the dot arrays selected to represent various colors is that the patterns of dots are selected for each array so as to avoid the creation of artifacts, that is, the formation of accidental or incidental patterns and figures within a given array or at the junction or border between two arrays.A yet further feature is the enhancement, during transformation, of the visual appearance of alphanumeric characters and symbols. The original background color of the character or symbol is transformed into a monochromatic color pattern mask dot pattern as previously described. The original character or symbol foreground color field, that is, the character or symbol itself, however, is either transformed into a dark (black) field if the background color was `light` or into a light (white) field if the background color was `dark`. In the latter case, the original foreground field is effectively discarded and the character or symbol appears as a light `hole` in the `dark` background field.

    摘要翻译： 将原始图像的每个颜色区域变换为具有对应于并表示该区域的原始颜色的特定图案的“光”和“暗”点的单色图像的对应区域的颜色到单色图像变换。 选择点图案以提供原始颜色的灰度表示和每种颜色的不同纹理外观，以便最大化单色图像的区域之间的区别。 单色点图案不一定完全对应于原始颜色的颜色或灰度值，而是被选择以提供类似于由相应的原始颜色提供的视觉印象的视觉印象。 选择用于表示各种颜色的点阵列的另一特征是针对每个阵列选择点的图案，以避免产生伪像，即，在给定阵列内或在给定阵列内形成意外或附带的图案和图形 两个阵列之间的连接点或边界。 另一个特征是在转换期间增强字母数字字符和符号的视觉外观。 如前所述，字符或符号的原始背景颜色被转换成单色彩色图案掩模点图案。 然而，如果背景颜色为“浅”或背景颜色（白色），则原始字符或符号前景色域（即字符或符号本身）将被转换为黑色（黑色）字段 是“黑暗”。 在后一种情况下，原始前景字段被有效地丢弃，字符或符号在“黑暗”背景字段中显示为“孔”。

    Character-based monochromatic representation of color images
    5.
    发明授权
    Character-based monochromatic representation of color images 失效
    基于字符的彩色图像的单色表示

    公开(公告)号：US4703318A

    公开(公告)日：1987-10-27

    申请号：US723732

    申请日：1985-04-16

    申请人： William T. Haggerty

    发明人： William T. Haggerty

    IPC分类号： G06F3/153 ,  G06K15/00 ,  G06K15/02 ,  G06T11/00 ,  G09G3/20 ,  G09G5/00 ,  G09G5/02 ,  G09G5/36 ,  H04N1/40 ,  H04N1/46 ,  H04N1/60 ,  G09G1/00

    CPC分类号： G06K15/00 ,  G06K15/02 ,  G09G5/028 ,  H04N1/40012 ,  G06K2215/0094 ,  G09G3/2051

    摘要： Forming a character-based monochromatic image from a digital representation of a color image by (1) forming a character-based representation of the color image in which a plurality of color characters each describe the background and foreground color within a defined area of the color image, (2) providing a plurality of color pattern masks each corresponding to a color in the color image and comprised of a pattern of light and dark dots capable of providing, in the monochromatic image, visual discrimination between areas of different color, (3) transforming the color characters to monochromatic characters by replacing the background and foreground color of each color character with the corresponding pattern of light and dark dots, and (4) displaying the monochromatic characters on a character-based output device (e.g., a CRT display driven by a character-based controller).

    摘要翻译： 通过（1）形成彩色图像的基于字符的表示形成基于字符的单色图像，其中多个颜色字符每个描述在颜色的限定区域内的背景和前景颜色 图像，（2）提供多个彩色图案掩模，每个颜色图案掩模各自对应于彩色图像中的颜色，并且包括能够在单色图像中提供不同颜色的区域之间的视觉辨别的光和暗点的图案（3 将颜色字符变换为单色字符，用相应的亮点和暗点图案替换每个颜色字符的背景和前景色，以及（4）在基于字符的输出设备（例如，CRT显示器）上显示单色字符 由基于字符的控制器驱动）。

    Aggregation of data flows over a pre-established path to reduce connections
    6.
    发明授权
    Aggregation of data flows over a pre-established path to reduce connections 有权
    数据流聚合预先建立的路径以减少连接

    公开(公告)号：US06449279B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-09-10

    申请号：US09716675

    申请日：2000-11-20

    申请人： David Belser ,  Richard Bussiere ,  Jeff Cioli ,  Brendan Fee ,  William T. Haggerty

    发明人： David Belser ,  Richard Bussiere ,  Jeff Cioli ,  Brendan Fee ,  William T. Haggerty

    IPC分类号： H04L1248

    CPC分类号： H04L12/4608

    摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for connection-oriented switching in a communications network wherein a pre-established path is established between a select pair of an ingress switch and an egress switch. The use of pre-established paths enables a reduction in the total number of connections required inside the switch cloud, reduces the CPU load on trunk switches, and shortens the time for connection setup. In the embodiment described, the DA/SA fields of a MAC frame data packet are replaced with a “virtual path”, which identifies the pre-established path between the ingress and egress switches. A “virtual circuit” is provided in another field of the modified packet which specifies the out-port and out-header on the egress switch for demultiplexing the modified packet upon receipt at the egress switch. The virtual circuit is exchanged between the ingress and egress switches at connection setup. The virtual path is assumed to already be in place, and known to both switches, prior to connection setup.

    摘要翻译： 在通信网络中提供用于面向连接的交换的方法和装置，其中在入口交换机的选择对和出口交换机之间建立预先建立的路径。 使用预先建立的路径可以减少交换机云中所需的连接总数，减少中继交换机的CPU负载，缩短连接设置的时间。 在所描述的实施例中，MAC帧数据分组的DA / SA字段被识别出入口和出口交换机之间的预先建立的路径的“虚拟路径”替换。 在修改的分组的另一个字段中提供“虚拟电路”，其指定出口交换机上的出端口和出站头，用于在出口交换机接收时解复用修改的分组。 在连接设置时，在入口和出口交换机之间交换虚拟电路。 在连接建立之前，假设虚拟路径已经到位，并且两个交换机都已知。

    Aggregation of mac data flows through pre-established path between ingress and egress switch to reduce number of number connections
    7.
    发明授权
    Aggregation of mac data flows through pre-established path between ingress and egress switch to reduce number of number connections 失效
    mac数据的聚合通过进入和出口交换机之间的预先建立的路径流动，以减少号码连接数

    公开(公告)号：US6151324A

    公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

    申请号：US657414

    申请日：1996-06-03

    申请人： David Belser ,  Richard Bussiere ,  Jeff Cioli ,  Brendan Fee ,  William T. Haggerty

    发明人： David Belser ,  Richard Bussiere ,  Jeff Cioli ,  Brendan Fee ,  William T. Haggerty

    IPC分类号： H04L12/46 ,  H04L12/48

    CPC分类号： H04L12/4608

    摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for connection-oriented switching in a communications network wherein a pre-established path is established between a select pair of an ingress switch and an egress switch. The use of pre-established paths enables a reduction in the total number of connections required inside the switch cloud, reduces the CPU load on trunk switches, and shortens the time for connection setup. In the embodiment described, the DA/SA fields of a MAC frame data packet are replaced with a "virtual path", which identifies the pre-established path between the ingress and egress switches. A "virtual circuit" is provided in another field of the modified packet which specifies the out-port and out-header on the egress switch for demultiplexing the modified packet upon receipt at the egress switch. The virtual circuit is exchanged between the ingress and egress switches at connection setup. The virtual path is assumed to already be in place, and known to both switches, prior to connection setup.

    摘要翻译： 在通信网络中提供用于面向连接的交换的方法和装置，其中在入口交换机的选择对和出口交换机之间建立预先建立的路径。 使用预先建立的路径可以减少交换机云中所需的连接总数，减少中继交换机的CPU负载，缩短连接设置的时间。 在所描述的实施例中，MAC帧数据分组的DA / SA字段被识别出入口和出口交换机之间的预先建立的路径的“虚拟路径”替代。 在修改的分组的另一个字段中提供“虚拟电路”，其指定出口交换机上的出端口和出站头，用于在出口交换机接收时解复用修改的分组。 在连接设置时，在入口和出口交换机之间交换虚拟电路。 在连接建立之前，假设虚拟路径已经到位，并且两个交换机都已知。

    Videotex frame processing
    8.
    发明授权
    Videotex frame processing 失效
    Videotex框架处理

    公开(公告)号：US4751669A

    公开(公告)日：1988-06-14

    申请号：US719777

    申请日：1985-04-04

    申请人： Samuel P. Sturgis ,  William T. Haggerty ,  Barbara C. Sangster

    发明人： Samuel P. Sturgis ,  William T. Haggerty ,  Barbara C. Sangster

    IPC分类号： H04M11/08 ,  G06F1/00

    CPC分类号： H04M11/085 ,  G06Q30/0283

    摘要： A videotex decoder apparatus which, in various aspects, displays a status line to indicate when connect charges are occurring; overlays menus over displayed videotex frames with portions of the displayed frames remaining visible; provides easily called log-on procedures; retrieves remote information frames by user-specified keywords names; prints information frames in selectable different overall sizes; provides selectable different character sets for display; is table-driven; is structured to include a device independent decoder and device dependent drivers; includes a controller which feeds bytes to the decoder for decoding without regard to the protocol-dependent information content of those bytes; and uses an added frame header on stored frames to indicate the videotex protocol for decoding the frames.

    摘要翻译： 一种视频解码器装置，在各方面显示状态线以指示何时发生连接费用; 覆盖显示的视频帧的菜单，其中部分显示的帧保持可见; 提供了易于称呼的登录过程; 通过用户指定的关键字名称检索远程信息帧; 以可选择的不同总体尺寸打印信息帧; 提供可选择的不同字符集进行显示; 是表驱动的 被构造为包括与设备无关的解码器和与设备有关的驱动器; 包括控制器，其将字节馈送到解码器进行解码，而不考虑那些字节的与协议相关的信息内容; 并且在存储的帧上使用附加的帧头来指示用于解码帧的视频文件协议。