摘要:
Subterranean fluids are provided that have improved environmental characteristics, and more particularly, subterranean fluids are provided that include a hydraulic cement in an invert emulsion. Methods of using such fluids in subterranean operations also are provided. An example of a method is a method of using a fluid in a subterranean formation. An example of a composition is a fluid comprising a hydraulic cement and an invert emulsion of an oleaginous fluid, a nonoleaginous fluid, and an emulsifying surfactant, wherein the emulsifying surfactant: has an LC50 or EC50 that is greater than about 10 milligrams/liter with respect to Skeletonema costatum, Acartia tonsa, Scopthalmus maximus (juvenile), or Corophium volutator; and demonstrates a biodegradability of: greater than about 70% biodegradation in 28 days when tested according to method OECD 301A or 301E; or greater than about 60% biodegradation in 28 days when tested according to method OECD 301B, 301C, 301F, or 306.
摘要:
Subterranean fluids are provided that have improved environmental characteristics, and more particularly, subterranean fluids are provided that include a hydraulic cement in an invert emulsion. Methods of using such fluids in subterranean operations also are provided. An example of a method is a method of using a fluid in a subterranean formation. An example of a composition is a fluid comprising a hydraulic cement and an invert emulsion of an oleaginous fluid, a nonoleaginous fluid, and an emulsifying surfactant, wherein the emulsifying surfactant: has an LC50 or EC50 that is greater than about 10 milligrams/liter with respect to Skeletonema costatum, Acartia tonsa, Scopthalmus maximus (juvenile), or Corophium volutator; and demonstrates a biodegradability of: greater than about 70% biodegradation in 28 days when tested according to method OECD 301A or 301E; or greater than about 60% biodegradation in 28 days when tested according to method OECD 301B, 301C, 301F, or 306.
摘要翻译:提供具有改善的环境特性的地下流体,更具体地说,提供了包括反相乳液中的水硬性水泥的地下流体。 还提供了在地下操作中使用这种流体的方法。 方法的一个实例是在地层中使用流体的方法。 组合物的实例是包含水硬性水泥和油性流体,非油性流体和乳化表面活性剂的反相乳液的流体,其中所述乳化表面活性剂具有LC 50或EC 大于约10毫克/升,相对于骷髅毛癣菌,Ac a a,,,,,us(or or or;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 并证实了生物降解性:当根据方法OECD 301A或301E测试时,在28天内大于约70%的生物降解; 或在根据方法OECD 301B,301C,301F或306进行测试时,在28天内大于约60%的生物降解。
摘要:
One exemplary embodiment is directed to a segment of physical communication media. The segment comprises a physical communication medium, a connector attached to the physical communication medium, and a storage device configured to store information therein using a self-defining variable length data field scheme (such as a key-length-value triplet).
摘要:
A remote inspection apparatus has an active display unit receiving image data in digital form and graphically rendering the image data on an active display. A communication medium connects devices to the active display unit, such as an imager head capturing the image data. A computer readable medium records one or more instances of software for operating the one or more devices. A computer processor located in the active display unit that operates a boot loader program to detects and sequentially interrogate the devices by different protocols in order to determine appropriate software to load and operate the devices.
摘要:
Methods of treating a wellbore comprise displacing a drilling fluid comprising an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage into the wellbore. Methods of drilling a wellbore comprise: applying torque to a bit within the wellbore and concurrently applying force to urge the bit to extend through the wellbore; and circulating a drilling fluid past the bit to remove cuttings therefrom, the drilling fluid comprising an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage. Methods of preparing a drilling fluid comprise: forming an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage; and combining the organophilic clay with an oil-based fluid.
摘要:
A remote inspection apparatus has an imager disposed in an imager head and capturing image data. An active display unit receives the image data in digital form and graphically renders the image data on an active display. Movement tracking sensors track movement of the imager head and/or image display unit. In some aspects, a computer processor located in the active display unit employs information from movement tracking sensors tracking movement of the imager head to generate and display a marker indicating a position of the imager head. In additional aspects, the computer processor employs information from movement tracking sensors tracking movement of the active display unit to control movement of the imager head. In other aspects, the computer processor employs information from movement tracking sensors tracking movement of the active display unit to modify the image data rendered on the active display.
摘要:
Packaging materials are disclosed which are reconfigurable into two different shipping configurations: one for bulk shipment of electronic products, and one for individual shipment of the same electronic products.
摘要:
A dual purpose optical device that is convertible between binocular and stereoscope modes of operation while using a common eyepiece arrangement for both. The device includes a housing containing a pair of optic supports mounted side-by-side for lateral movement towards and away from one another. Each support preferably carries three lenses. Two lenses on each support serve as the eyepiece and are aligned in a common plane with an eyepiece opening through the housing and a rotatable mirror assembly. The assembly pivots substantially ninety degrees from opposing forty-five degree angle positions with respect to the plane through the eyepiece opening and the eye and field lenses so as to fold the lines of sight either up or down within the housing. A circular photo transparency reel is received horizontally in a slot provided on an upper side of the housing. Each optic support is provided with three fixed mirrors which fold the lines of sight directed downward by the rotating mirror through an objective lens located at an opposite end of the housing. The three lenses on each optic support collectively form a binocular lens train while two of the lenses of each set form a magnifying lens train. A spring biases the optic supports together and against tapered, longitudinally extending sides of a cam mounted for longitudinal movement in the housing. A wheel projects partially through the bottom of the housing and supports pinions that are engaged with racks on the cam to provide manual interpupillary spacing adjustment of the optic supports. In the stereosope mode of operation, the interpupillary distance between the eyepieces is automatically set in response to converting between the two modes so that it matches the distance separating corresponding stereo pairs.
摘要:
One exemplary embodiment is directed to a system comprising a plurality of connector assemblies. Each of the connector assemblies is configured to read information stored on or in physical communication media that is connected to the ports of the respective connector assembly. The system further comprises an aggregation point communicatively coupled to the plurality of connector assemblies. The aggregation point is configured to automatically discover the connector assemblies and cause each of the connector assemblies to send to the aggregation point at least some of the information read from the physical communication media that is connected to the ports of the respective connector assemblies. The aggregation point is configured to store at least some of the information sent by the connector assemblies to the aggregation point. A reliable packet-based communication protocol is used by the aggregation point to monitor events occurring at at least one connector assembly.
摘要:
One exemplary embodiment is directed to a method of tracking a plurality of communication paths in a connector assembly having a plurality of first attachment points and a plurality of second attachment points. The plurality of first attachment points and the plurality of second attachment points are configured to attach physical communication media to the connector assembly. The method comprises reading, from a storage device associated with the connector assembly first, information indicative of a plurality of communication paths formed within the connector assembly between the first attachment points and the second attachment points. The method further comprises reading second information stored on or in physical communication media that is attached to the connector assembly and communicating the first and second information to an aggregation point that is communicatively coupled to the connector assembly.