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    Detector array using a continuous light guide
    2.
    发明授权
    Detector array using a continuous light guide 有权
    检测器阵列使用连续光导

    公开(公告)号：US07164136B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-01-16

    申请号：US10680015

    申请日：2003-10-07

    申请人： Mehmet Aykac ,  Matthias J. Schmand ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Mark S. Andreaco ,  Lars A. Eriksson ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt

    发明人： Mehmet Aykac ,  Matthias J. Schmand ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Mark S. Andreaco ,  Lars A. Eriksson ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt

    IPC分类号： G01T3/06

    CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/2928

    摘要： A detector for use in imaging applications includes at least one detector array, an array of photodetectors, and a continuous light guide disposed between the detectors and the photodetectors. The light guide is continuous over the entire area of the photodetectors and detectors. The thickness of the light guide is optimized based on the shape of the photodetector array. Each detector array includes a plurality of scintillator elements disposed in an M×N array, where “M” and “N” are independently selectable and are each at least one. A mechanism for maintaining the relative positions of the individual scintillator elements with respect to each other is provided. The retainer is further provided to enhance the separation between the individual detector arrays to define distinct boundaries between the position profiles of the scintillator arrays.

    摘要翻译： 用于成像应用的检测器包括至少一个检测器阵列，光电检测器阵列，以及设置在检测器和光电探测器之间的连续光导。 导光体在光电检测器和检测器的整个区域上是连续的。 基于光电检测器阵列的形状优化光导的厚度。 每个检测器阵列包括设置在MxN阵列中的多个闪烁体元件，其中“M”和“N”可独立选择并且各自至少一个。 提供了用于保持各个闪烁体元件相对于彼此的相对位置的机构。 进一步提供保持器以增强各个检测器阵列之间的间隔，以限定闪烁体阵列的位置分布之间的不同边界。

    Detector array utilizing air gaps as a reflector between array elements
    3.
    发明授权
    Detector array utilizing air gaps as a reflector between array elements 有权
    检测器阵列利用气隙作为阵列元件之间的反射器

    公开(公告)号：US07408164B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-08-05

    申请号：US10441682

    申请日：2003-05-20

    申请人： Matthias J. Schmand ,  Lars A. Eriksson ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Mehmet Aykac ,  Ronald Nutt

    发明人： Matthias J. Schmand ,  Lars A. Eriksson ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Mehmet Aykac ,  Ronald Nutt

    IPC分类号： G01T1/20

    CPC分类号： G01T1/2002 ,  G01T1/202

    摘要： A detector array including a plurality of scintillators for use in association with an imaging device. The detector array is provided for accurate determination of the location of the impingement of radiation upon an individual scintillator detector. An air gap is disposed between the scintillator elements, thereby increasing the packing fraction and overall sensitivity of the array. The amount of light transmitted down the scintillator element and the amount of light transmitted to adjacent elements is modified to optimize the identification of each element in a position profile map by adjusting the surface finish of the detector elements.

    摘要翻译： 一种检测器阵列，包括用于与成像装置相关联的多个闪烁体。 检测器阵列被提供用于准确地确定辐射冲击位置在单独的闪烁体检测器上。 在闪烁器元件之间设置气隙，从而增加阵列的封装分数和整体灵敏度。 通过调整检测器元件的表面光洁度来修改向下闪烁体元件传输的光量和透射到相邻元件的光量，以优化位置分布图中每个元素的识别。

    Detector array using internalized light sharing and air coupling
    4.
    发明授权
    Detector array using internalized light sharing and air coupling 有权
    使用内部光共享和空气耦合的检测器阵列

    公开(公告)号：US07019297B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-03-28

    申请号：US10441681

    申请日：2003-05-20

    申请人： Mehmet Aykac ,  Matthias J. Schmand ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt

    发明人： Mehmet Aykac ,  Matthias J. Schmand ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt

    IPC分类号： G01T1/202

    CPC分类号： G01T1/202 ,  B33Y70/00 ,  B33Y80/00 ,  G01T1/2002

    摘要： A method for fabricating an array adapted to receive a plurality of scintillators for use in association with an imaging device. The method allows the creation of a detector array such that location of the impingement of radiation upon an individual scintillator detector is accurately determinable. The array incorporates an air gap between all the scintillator elements. Certain scintillators may have varying height reflective light partitions to control the amount of light sharing which occurs between elements. Light transmission is additionally optimized by varying the optical transmission properties of the reflective light partition, such as by varying the thickness and optical density of the light partitions. In certain locations, no light partitions exist, thereby defining an air gap between those elements. The air gap allows a large increase in the packing fraction and therefore the overall sensitivity of the array.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于制造适于接收与成像装置相关联使用的多个闪烁体的阵列的方法。 该方法允许创建检测器阵列，使得能够精确地确定单个闪烁体检测器上的辐射冲击位置。 该阵列包括所有闪烁体元件之间的气隙。 某些闪烁体可以具有变化的高度反射光分区，以控制在元件之间发生的光共享的量。 通过改变反射光分区的光传输特性，例如通过改变光分区的厚度和光密度来另外优化透光。 在某些位置，不存在光分区，从而在这些元件之间限定气隙。 空气间隙允许包装分数大幅度增加，因此阵列的整体灵敏度增加。

    Detector array using a continuous light guide
    6.
    发明申请
    Detector array using a continuous light guide 有权
    检测器阵列使用连续光导

    公开(公告)号：US20050072904A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-04-07

    申请号：US10680015

    申请日：2003-10-07

    申请人： Mehmet Aykac ,  Matthias Schmand ,  Niraj Doshi ,  Mark Andreaco ,  Lars Eriksson ,  Charles Williams ,  Ronald Nutt

    发明人： Mehmet Aykac ,  Matthias Schmand ,  Niraj Doshi ,  Mark Andreaco ,  Lars Eriksson ,  Charles Williams ,  Ronald Nutt

    IPC分类号： G01T1/164 ,  G01T1/29 ,  H01L27/00

    CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/2928

    摘要： A detector for use in imaging applications includes at least one detector array, an array of photodetectors, and a continuous light guide disposed between the detectors and the photodetectors. The light guide is continuous over the entire area of the photodetectors and detectors. The thickness of the light guide is optimized based on the shape of the photodetector array. Each detector array includes a plurality of scintillator elements disposed in an M×N array, where “M” and “N” are independently selectable and are each at least one. A mechanism for maintaining the relative positions of the individual scintillator elements with respect to each other is provided. The retainer is further provided to enhance the separation between the individual detector arrays to define distinct boundaries between the position profiles of the scintillator arrays.

    摘要翻译： 用于成像应用的检测器包括至少一个检测器阵列，光电检测器阵列，以及设置在检测器和光电探测器之间的连续光导。 导光体在光电检测器和检测器的整个区域上是连续的。 基于光电检测器阵列的形状优化光导的厚度。 每个检测器阵列包括设置在MxN阵列中的多个闪烁体元件，其中“M”和“N”可独立选择并且各自至少一个。 提供了用于保持各个闪烁体元件相对于彼此的相对位置的机构。 进一步提供保持器以增强各个检测器阵列之间的间隔，以限定闪烁体阵列的位置分布之间的不同边界。

    Photo sensor panel for high resolution PET
    7.
    发明申请
    Photo sensor panel for high resolution PET 有权
    用于高分辨率PET的照片传感器面板

    公开(公告)号：US20070221856A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-09-27

    申请号：US11387377

    申请日：2006-03-23

    申请人： Lars Eriksson ,  Matthias Schmand ,  Michael Casey ,  Niraj Doshi ,  Mehmet Aykac ,  Ronald Nutt

    发明人： Lars Eriksson ,  Matthias Schmand ,  Michael Casey ,  Niraj Doshi ,  Mehmet Aykac ,  Ronald Nutt

    IPC分类号： G01T1/20

    CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/2008 ,  G01T1/2985

    摘要： Apparatus and method for providing nuclear medical imaging, in particular positron emission tomography, wherein a panel detector including scintillation blocks with a light guide is attached thereto. The scintillation block is arranged to cover a plurality of photosensors in an N by N configuration where there are outer photosensors which share light information from adjacent scintillation blocks and at least one center photosensor which does not share light information from adjacent scintillation blocks.

    摘要翻译： 用于提供核医学成像，特别是正电子发射断层摄影的装置和方法，其中附接有包括具有光导的闪烁块的面板检测器。 闪烁块被布置成以N×N构造覆盖多个光电传感器，其中存在共享来自相邻闪烁块的光信息的外部光电传感器和不共享来自相邻闪烁块的光信息的至少一个中心光电传感器。

    Scintillation detector array for encoding the energy, position, and time coordinates of gamma ray interactions
    8.
    发明授权
    Scintillation detector array for encoding the energy, position, and time coordinates of gamma ray interactions 有权
    闪烁探测器阵列，用于编码伽马射线相互作用的能量，位置和时间坐标

    公开(公告)号：US06362479B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-03-26

    申请号：US09272228

    申请日：1999-03-18

    申请人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt ,  Michael E. Casey

    发明人： Mark S. Andreaco ,  Charles W. Williams ,  Ronald Nutt ,  Michael E. Casey

    IPC分类号： G01T120

    CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/1648

    摘要： A scintillation detector which includes a plurality of discrete scintillators composed of one or more scintillator materials. The discrete scintillators interact with incident radiation to produce a quantifiable number of photons with characteristic emission wavelength and decay time. A light guide is operatively associated with the scintillation crystals and may be either active or non-active and segmented or non-segmented depending upon the embodiment of the design. Photodetectors are provided to sense and quantify the scintillation light emissions. The process and system embodying various features of the present invention can be utilized in various applications such as SPECT, PET imaging and simultaneous PET systems. In accordance with the present invention, the detector array of the present invention incorporates either a single scintillator layer of discrete scintillators or discrete scintillators composed of two stacked different layers that can be the same scintillator material or of two different scintillator materials. In either case the different layers are composed of materials that have distinctly different decay times. The variants in these figures are the types of optical detectors which are used, i.e. photomultipliers and/or photodiodes, whether or not a segmented optical light guide is used, and whether the light guide is active or non-active. If a segmented optical light guide is used then the variant is whether the configuration is inverted or non-inverted.

    摘要翻译： 闪烁检测器，其包括由一个或多个闪烁体材料组成的多个分立的闪烁体。 离散的闪烁体与入射辐射相互作用以产生具有特征发射波长和衰减时间的可量化数量的光子。 光引导件与闪烁晶体可操作地相关联，并且可以是有源的或非有效的，并且根据设计的实施例是分段的或非分段的。 提供光电检测器来感测和量化闪烁光发射。 体现本发明各种特征的方法和系统可以用于诸如SPECT，PET成像和同时PET系统的各种应用中。 根据本发明，本发明的检测器阵列包括单个闪烁体层的离散闪烁体或由两层不同层组成的分立闪烁体，其可以是相同的闪烁体材料或两种不同的闪烁体材料。 在任一情况下，不同的层由具有截然不同的衰变时间的材料组成。 这些图中的变型是使用的光学检测器的类型，即光电倍增管和/或光电二极管，是否使用分段的光学光导，以及光导是活动的还是非活动的。 如果使用分段光学光导，则该变体是配置是倒置还是非反转。

    Transmission attenuation correction method for PET and SPECT
    9.
    发明授权
    Transmission attenuation correction method for PET and SPECT 失效
    PET和SPECT传输衰减校正方法

    公开(公告)号：US06429434B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-08-06

    申请号：US09398497

    申请日：1999-09-17

    申请人： Charles C. Watson ,  Stephen D. Miller ,  Ronald Nutt ,  Michael E. Casey ,  James J. Hamill

    发明人： Charles C. Watson ,  Stephen D. Miller ,  Ronald Nutt ,  Michael E. Casey ,  James J. Hamill

    IPC分类号： G01T1166

    CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/1648 ,  G21K1/02

    摘要： A transmission source serves to detect activity from a radiation source for correcting attenuation in either PET mode or SPECT mode. The transmission source includes a detector dedicated to collecting attenuation data in PET mode. A collimated radiation source and a detector are positioned with respect to a tomography device such that only a selected strip of the imaging detector of the tomograph is illuminated such that events unrelated to the attenuation are eliminated. The transmission source can either be a coincidence transmission source or a singles transmission source and includes a collimator in which is disposed a radiation source. An opening is defined by the collimator for exposing a selected portion of the imaging detectors of the tomograph device. Positioned behind the radiation source, relative to the imaging detectors, is the dedicated attenuation detector. In a dual head tomograph device, one transmission source of the present invention is disposed opposite each bank of imaging detectors. The sources and the associated collimators are positioned to the side of each head at a slight angle relative to the respective head. The sources and detectors are fixed relative to the imaging heads. In order to obtain full coverage of the field of view (FOV) in the same manner as for an emission scan, the heads and sources are rotated about the center of the camera. In SPECT mode, the point source is selected to have sufficiently high energy to shine through the patient and the collimators associated with the imaging detector.

    摘要翻译： 传输源用于检测来自辐射源的活动以校正PET模式或SPECT模式中的衰减。 传输源包括专用于在PET模式下收集衰减数据的检测器。 准直辐射源和检测器相对于断层摄影装置定位，使得只有层析成像仪的成像检测器的选定条带被照亮，从而消除与衰减无关的事件。 传输源可以是重合传输源或单个传输源，并且包括准直仪，其中设置有辐射源。 由准直器限定开口以暴露层析成像装置的成像检测器的选定部分。 相对于成像检测器定位在辐射源之后，是专用的衰减检测器。 在双头断层摄影装置中，本发明的一个发射源与每一组成像检测器相对设置。 源和相关联的准直仪相对于相应的头部以相当小的角度定位在每个头部的侧面。 源和检测器相对于成像头是固定的。 为了以与发射扫描相同的方式获得视场（FOV）的全面覆盖，头部和源围绕照相机的中心旋转。 在SPECT模式中，点源被选择为具有足够高的能量以照射通过患者和与成像检测器相关联的准直仪。

    Process for fabricating tuned light guide for photoelectrons
    10.
    发明授权
    Process for fabricating tuned light guide for photoelectrons 失效
    制造光电子调谐光导的工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4750972A

    公开(公告)日：1988-06-14

    申请号：US39916

    申请日：1987-04-20

    申请人： Michael E. Casey ,  Ronald Nutt ,  Terry D. Douglass

    发明人： Michael E. Casey ,  Ronald Nutt ,  Terry D. Douglass

    IPC分类号： G01T1/202 ,  G01T1/29 ,  H01L21/306 ,  B44C1/22 ,  C03C15/00 ,  C03C25/06

    CPC分类号： G01T1/202 ,  G01T1/2985

    摘要： A two dimensional photon position encoder system (10) and process which includes a detector (20) for enhancing the spatial resolution of the situs of the origin of incident photons of gamma rays. A plurality of scintillator material members (22) interact with the incident photons and produce a quantifiable number of photons which exit the scintillation material members. A tuned light guide (68) having a plurality of radiation barriers (92) of predetermined lengths define slots which are operatively associated with one of the scintillator material members. Photons exiting the scintillator material members (22) enter an operatively associated slot in said slotted light guide. These slots (90) serve to enhance the predictability of the statistical distribution of photons along the length of the slotted light guide (68). A detector (20) detects the distribution of the photons at preselected locations along the length of the slotted light guide. In one embodiment, this detector (20) comprises a photomultiplier (70) which gathers information concerning the photoelectrons which are then counted. The statistical distribution of these photoelectrons is processed by an improved pattern recognition technique such that the positioning information can be determined.

    摘要翻译： 一种二维光子位置编码器系统（10），其包括用于增强伽马射线入射光子原点的位置的空间分辨率的检测器（20）的处理。 多个闪烁体材料构件（22）与入射的光子相互作用并产生可从数量上闪烁的材料构件的数量的光子。 具有多个具有预定长度的辐射屏障（92）的调谐光导（68）限定与闪烁体材料构件之一可操作地相关的槽。 离开闪烁体材料构件（22）的光子进入所述开槽光导中的可操作地关联的狭槽。 这些槽（90）用于增强沿着带槽光导（68）的长度的光子的统计分布的可预测性。 检测器（20）沿着狭缝光导的长度检测预选位置处的光子的分布。 在一个实施例中，该检测器（20）包括光电倍增器（70），其收集关于光电子的信息，然后对其进行计数。 这些光电子的统计分布通过改进的模式识别技术来处理，使得可以确定定位信息。