公开(公告)号：US4347064A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-31

申请号：US225952

申请日：1981-01-19

申请人： Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Gerhard Baron ,  Eberhard Blaum ,  Carl Hafke

发明人： Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Gerhard Baron ,  Eberhard Blaum ,  Carl Hafke

IPC分类号： C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54

CPC分类号： C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1823 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02E20/16

摘要： A process of gasifying fine-grained solid fuels for the production of a product gas that contains hydrogen, carbon oxides and methane comprises a treatment with steam, oxygen and/or carbon dioxide in two interconnected gasifying stages under a pressure in the range from 2 to 150 bars and at temperatures of 500.degree. to 1500.degree. C. In the first gasifying stage, the fuel is gasified in a circulating fluidized bed by a treatment with gasifying stage. The residual solids which become available in the first gasifying stage are fed to the second gasifying stage and are virtually completely gasified therein, except for residual ash, by a treatment with a gasifying agent which includes oxygen. At least one-half of the product gas from the second gasifying stage is fed to the first gasifying stage and used as fluidizing fluid therein.

摘要翻译： 气化精细固体燃料以生产含有氢，碳氧化物和甲烷的产物气体的方法包括在两个相互连通的气化阶段中的蒸汽，氧气和/或二氧化碳的处理，压力范围为2至 150巴，500〜1500℃的温度。在第一气化阶段，通过气化阶段的处理，在循环流化床中使燃料气化。 在第一气化阶段中可获得的残留固体通过用包括氧气的气化剂处理而被供给到第二气化阶段并且除了残余灰分之外几乎完全气化。 来自第二气化阶段的至少一半的产物气体被供给到第一气化阶段并用作其中的流化流体。

公开(公告)号：US4111158A

公开(公告)日：1978-09-05

申请号：US801007

申请日：1977-05-26

申请人： Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Ludolf Plass

发明人： Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Ludolf Plass

IPC分类号： F23C10/02 ,  B01J8/26 ,  B01J8/38 ,  C22B1/10 ,  F22B31/00 ,  F23C10/10 ,  F23C10/24 ,  F27B15/00 ,  F22B1/02 ,  F23D19/00

CPC分类号： C22B1/10 ,  B01J8/26 ,  B01J8/388 ,  F22B31/0084 ,  F23C10/10 ,  F27B15/00 ,  F23C2206/101

摘要： A method of and apparatus for carrying out an exothermic process in which a combustible-containing solid (e.g. coal shale, pyrite or limestone in combination with fuel oil) are burned in a fluidized-bed reactor with primary and secondary streams of oxygen-containing combustion-sustaining gas (in a volume ratio of 1:20 to 2:1) supplied at different levels so that the primary gas acts as the fluidizing gas. The gas velocities and rate of gas feeds are controlled to provide a mean suspension density above the secondary gas inlet of 10 to 40 kg/m.sup.3. The major portion of solid feed is introduced into the space below the secondary gas inlet which is maintained substantially free of internal fixtures and the effluent gases are separated from the entrained solids which are recycled to the bed. Solids withdrawn from the bed are cooled in a fluidized-bed cooler and the temperature of the bed is maintained constant by the controlled recirculation of cooled solids thereto from the cooler. The gas heated in the cooler is fed to the bed as the secondary gas.

公开(公告)号：US4996836A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-05

申请号：US423669

申请日：1989-10-18

申请人： Lothar Reh ,  Rolf Graf ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Ludolf Plass

发明人： Lothar Reh ,  Rolf Graf ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Ludolf Plass

IPC分类号： F02C6/18 ,  F01K23/02 ,  F01K23/06 ,  F02C3/28

CPC分类号： F01K23/062

摘要： Disclosed is a process of carrying out a combined gas turbine and steam turbine process of increased efficiency.A fuel gas is produced at a temperature of from 900.degree. to 1100.degree. C. in a circulating fluidized bed by a gasification of 70 to 95 wt. % of the carbon contained in the carbonaceous material and is treated at a temperature of from 850.degree. to 950.degree. C. with suspended solids consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and/or calcium carbonate-containing solids to remove pollutants. The main portion of the fuel gas is burnt to produce a gas which is used to operate the gas turbine and which contains at least 5% by volume oxygen and is at a temperature of at least 1000.degree. C. Combustion of the carbonaceous gasification residue to produce process steam is performed in a second circulating fluidized bed at a temperature of from 800.degree. to 950.degree. C. under near-stoichiometric conditions by a treatment with oxygen-containing gases, which are supplied on different levels in at least two partial streams and mainly consist of exhaust gas from the gas turbine. The desulfurized fuel gas is preferably cooled to a temperature in the range from 350.degree. to 600.degree. C. and is freed from halides.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种提高效率的燃气轮机组合和汽轮机组合方法。 在循环流化床中，通过气化70〜95重量％，在900〜1100℃的温度下生成燃料气体。 在碳质材料中含有的碳的％，并且在850℃至950℃的温度下用含有氢氧化钙，氧化钙和/或含碳酸钙的固体组成的悬浮固体进行处理以除去污染物。 燃料气体的主要部分被燃烧以产生用于操作燃气轮机的气体，并且其含有至少5体积％的氧气并且处于至少1000℃的温度。碳质气化残余物与 在接近化学计量的条件下通过用含氧气体处理在第二循环流化床中在800℃至950℃的温度下进行生产过程蒸汽，所述含氧气体在至少两个部分流中以不同水平供应， 主要由燃气轮机的废气组成。 脱硫燃料气体优选冷却至350℃至600℃的温度，并且不脱离卤化物。

公开(公告)号：US4443250A

公开(公告)日：1984-04-17

申请号：US417958

申请日：1982-09-14

申请人： Kurt Meyer ,  Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Wolfram Schnabel ,  Harry Serbent

发明人： Kurt Meyer ,  Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Wolfram Schnabel ,  Harry Serbent

IPC分类号： C21B13/08 ,  C21B13/14

CPC分类号： C21B13/08 ,  C21B13/146

摘要： Fine-grained material which contains iron oxide is prereduced in a fluidized bed and is subsequently completely reduced in a rotary kiln. In order to avoid agglomeration and incrustation in the rotary kiln, the prereduction is carried out to effect a metallization of 50 to 80%.

摘要翻译： 含有氧化铁的细粒材料在流化床中被还原，随后在回转窑中完全还原。 为了避免回转窑中的团聚和结垢，进行预还原以实现50〜80％的金属化。

公开(公告)号：US4165717A

公开(公告)日：1979-08-28

申请号：US842359

申请日：1977-10-14

申请人： Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Per H. Collin ,  Sune N. Flink

发明人： Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Per H. Collin ,  Sune N. Flink

IPC分类号： B01J8/38 ,  F22B31/00 ,  F23C10/10 ,  F22B1/02

CPC分类号： B01J8/388 ,  F22B31/0084 ,  F23C10/10 ,  F23C2206/101

摘要： Carbonaceous material, preferably coal or like finely divided solids with a mean particle diameter of 30 to 250 microns, is burned to produce steam in a fluid-bed furnace having a lower free space without internal fixtures and provided above this free space with internal cooling surfaces. A secondary-gas inlet introduces the secondary gas so that the volume ratio of fluidizing gas to secondary gas ranges from 1:20 to 2:1 at a location above the fluidizing-gas and fuel inlets but below the internal cooling surfaces, the gas velocity of the several gases being adjusted so that the mean suspension density of the solids above the secondary-gas inlet is 15 to 100 kg/m.sup.3. Approximately stoidiometric conditions are maintained with respect to the oxygen in the gases introduced and the carbonaceous material and solids are recycled to the bed after being separated from the gases emanating therefrom.

摘要翻译： 碳质材料，优选煤或类似于平均粒径为30至250微米的细碎固体被燃烧以在具有较低自由空间的流化床炉中产生蒸汽，而没有内部固定装置，并且在该自由空间的上方设置有内部冷却表面 。 二次气体入口引入二次气体，使得流化气体与二次气体的体积比在流化气体和燃料入口之上但低于内部冷却表面的位置处为1:20至2:1，气体速度 的几种气体被调节，使得二次气体入口之上的固体的平均悬浮密度为15至100kg / m 3。 相对于导入的气体中的氧维持大约的保留条件，并且碳质材料和固体在与从其发出的气体分离后再循环到床中。

公开(公告)号：US4073642A

公开(公告)日：1978-02-14

申请号：US610391

申请日：1975-09-04

申请人： Per H. Collin ,  Sune N. Flink ,  Bjorn Widell ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Lothar Reh

发明人： Per H. Collin ,  Sune N. Flink ,  Bjorn Widell ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Lothar Reh

IPC分类号： C21B13/00 ,  C21B13/02

CPC分类号： C21B13/0033 ,  Y02P10/136

摘要： A method of reducing a pulverized material containing iron oxides mixed with carbonaceous material wherein: (a) a circulating fluidized bed is maintained in a vertically elongated reaction zone by supplying it with suitable quantities of pulverized material containing iron oxides, pulverized solid carbonaceous material and optionally liquid carbonaceous material, and gas containing molecular oxygen and that gas and solid material leaving the reaction zone are separated, the solid material being returned to the reaction zone; (b) the pulverized material containing iron oxides, the carbonaceous material and the gas containing molecular oxygen are supplied to an intermediate section of the reaction zone; (c) the flow of carbonaceous material fed to the bed is controlled so that there is always sufficient coke in the bed to prevent interference of the fluidization caused by sticking or agglomeration; (d) gas and solid material leaving the reaction zone are extracted from the upper part of the reaction zone, the solid material being separated from the gas and being returned to the intermediate section of the reaction zone; (e) a portion of the gaseous reaction zone exhaust, after dust separation and elimination of most of carbon dioxide and water, is fed to the lower part of the reaction zone as fluidizing and reduction gas; and (f) solid material containing completely or partially reduced iron oxides is drawn from the lower part of the reaction zone.

摘要翻译： 一种减少含有与碳质材料混合的铁氧化物的粉碎材料的方法，其中：（a）循环流化床通过向其提供适量的含铁氧化物，粉碎固体碳质材料和任选地 液态碳质材料和含有分子氧的气体，离开反应区的气体和固体物质被分离，固体物质返回到反应区; （b）含有铁氧化物的粉碎物质，碳质材料和含有分子氧的气体供应到反应区的中间部分; （c）控制供给到床的碳质材料的流动，使得床中总是有足够的焦炭，以防止由粘附或聚集引起的流化的干扰; （d）离开反应区的气体和固体物质从反应区的上部提取，固体物质与气体分离并返回到反应区的中间段; （e）在灰尘分离和大部分二氧化碳和水的消除之后，气态反应区排气的一部分作为流化和还原气体被供给到反应区的下部; 和（f）从反应区的下部抽出含有完全或部分还原的氧化铁的固体材料。

公开(公告)号：US4304759A

公开(公告)日：1981-12-08

申请号：US145561

申请日：1980-05-01

申请人： Georg Daradimos ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Lothar Reh ,  Jorg Thomas

发明人： Georg Daradimos ,  Martin Hirsch ,  Lothar Reh ,  Jorg Thomas

IPC分类号： C01G49/00 ,  C01B17/50 ,  C01G49/02 ,  C01G49/06

CPC分类号： C01G49/02 ,  Y10S423/02

摘要： The invention provides a process for thermally decomposing salts, containing mainly ferrous sulfate wherein said feed material is contacted in a single suspension-type exchanger with exhaust gases formed by reaction of the oxygen-containing gases in the fluidized bed reactor, the fluidizing gas and at least a partial stream of the secondary gas stream are heated by an indirect heat exchange in a fuel-heated heat exchanger, and the quantity of oxygen introduced via which consists of the fluidizing gas and the secondary gas, is controlled in dependence on the quantity of fuel in order to receive an exhaust gas from the suspension-type exchanger with a free oxygen content of 1-6% by volume and a temperature of 300.degree.-450.degree. C.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种热分解盐的方法，其主要含有硫酸亚铁，其中所述进料在单一悬浮式交换器中与通过流化床反应器中的含氧气体，流化气体和 通过在燃料加热的热交换器中的间接热交换来加热第二气流的至少一部分流，并且通过流化气体和二次气体构成的氧气的量根据量 燃料，以从游离氧含量为1-6体积％，温度为300-450℃的悬浮型交换器中接收废气。

公开(公告)号：US4096235A

公开(公告)日：1978-06-20

申请号：US731890

申请日：1976-10-13

申请人： Harry Edward Cross ,  Wolfgang Krieger ,  Eberhard Anschutz ,  Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch

发明人： Harry Edward Cross ,  Wolfgang Krieger ,  Eberhard Anschutz ,  Lothar Reh ,  Martin Hirsch

IPC分类号： C01F5/12 ,  C01F5/40

CPC分类号： C01F5/12 ,  C01F5/40

摘要： This invention relates to a process of producing magnesia from magnesium-containing carbonate ores, which comprises leaching with sulfuric acid, subsequently neutralizing the solution with magnesia, separating the undissolved impurities, crystallizing magnesium sulfate under pressure and above 150.degree. C so the crystals have from 1.5 to 4 moles of water per magnesium sulfate molecule and thermally decomposing the latter to form magnesia and SO.sub.2, recovering sulfuric acid from the sulfur dioxide produced in the decomposing steps and recycling the sulfuric acid to the leaching stage.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种由含镁碳酸盐矿石生产氧化镁的方法，其中包括用硫酸浸出，随后用氧化镁中和溶液，分离未溶解的杂质，在压力和150℃以上使硫酸镁结晶，使晶体从 每个硫酸镁分子1.5至4摩尔水，并将其热分解形成氧化镁和SO 2，从分解步骤中产生的二氧化硫中回收硫酸并将硫酸再循环至浸出阶段。

公开(公告)号：US20140122380A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-01

申请号：US14111275

申请日：2012-04-10

申请人： Albrecht von Mueller ,  Martin Hirsch

发明人： Albrecht von Mueller ,  Martin Hirsch

IPC分类号： G06N5/02 ,  G06N99/00

CPC分类号： G06N5/02 ,  G06F17/30994 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G06N99/005 ,  G06T11/206 ,  G16H50/20 ,  G16H50/70

摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for aiding diagnosis of an object showing a disorder and for selecting a finding characterising the state of the object. Each finding is described as a visual pathology by a severity, a symptom constellation of multiple symptoms and by a graphic representation of the symptom constellation. A dialog-based, visual modelling of the state of the object is provided wherein the state of the object is modelled by a current symptom constellation represented by a symbol. The resulting, current object image is immediately graphically output on the display device. Following each case of modification a comparator immediately compares the current symptom constellation against the symptom constellations of stored findings and updates the list of findings of potentially applicable findings. A list of suggestions for examining further symptoms is output, sorted by their differentiation so as to interactively facilitate diagnosis.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于帮助诊断显示无序的对象并选择表征对象的状态的发现。 每个发现通过严重性，多种症状的症状星座和症状星座的图形表示形式描述为视觉病理学。 提供了一种基于对象的对象状态的视觉建模，其中对象的状态由由符号表示的当前症状星座建模。 所得到的当前对象图像立即在显示设备上以图形方式输出。 在每种修改情况之后，比较器立即将当前症状星座与存储的发现的症状星座进行比较，并更新可能适用发现的发现列表。 输出检查进一步症状的建议列表，按其差异排序，以交互方式促进诊断。

公开(公告)号：US20100044933A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-25

申请号：US12610821

申请日：2009-11-02

申请人： Martin Hirsch ,  Michael Ströder ,  Peter Weber

发明人： Martin Hirsch ,  Michael Ströder ,  Peter Weber

IPC分类号： C22B5/14

CPC分类号： B01J8/0055 ,  B01J8/1827 ,  B01J8/1872 ,  B01J2208/00274 ,  B01J2208/00548 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  C21B13/0033 ,  C22B5/14 ,  Y02P10/136

摘要： A plant for the heat treatment of solids containing iron oxide includes a fluidized bed reactor. The reactor includes at least one gas supply tube at least partly surrounded by an annular chamber in which a stationary annular fluidized bed is located, and a mixing chamber being located above the upper orifice region of the at least one gas supply tube. The gas flowing through the at least one gas supply tube entrains solids from the stationary annular fluidized bed-into the mixing chamber when passing through the upper orifice region of the at least one gas supply tube.

摘要翻译： 用于对含有氧化铁的固体进行热处理的设备包括流化床反应器。 反应器包括至少一个气体供应管，其至少部分地被环形室围绕，其中定位有固定环形流化床，并且混合室位于至少一个气体供应管的上孔区域上方。 当通过至少一个气体供应管的上孔区域时，流过至少一个气体供应管的气体将固体从固定的环形流化床引入混合室。