公开(公告)号：US08042631B2

公开(公告)日：2011-10-25

申请号：US11370285

申请日：2006-03-08

申请人： Malcolm James Grieve ,  John A. MacBain ,  Jean J. Botti

发明人： Malcolm James Grieve ,  John A. MacBain ,  Jean J. Botti

IPC分类号： B60L11/18 ,  H02J7/00

CPC分类号： B60L11/18 ,  B60K1/04 ,  B60L11/1816 ,  B60L11/1842 ,  B60L11/1887 ,  H02J3/387 ,  H02J2001/004 ,  Y02E60/721 ,  Y02T10/7072 ,  Y02T90/121 ,  Y02T90/128 ,  Y02T90/14 ,  Y02T90/163 ,  Y02T90/34 ,  Y04S10/126

摘要： During periods of vehicle inactivity, a vehicle-based APU electric generating system may be coupled into a regional electric grid to send electricity into the grid. A currently-preferred APU is a solid oxide fuel cell system. When a large number of vehicles are thus equipped and connected, substantial electric buffering can be effected to the grid load. A vehicle-based APU can also function as a back-up generator to a docking facility in the event of power failure of the grid. Gaseous hydrocarbon is readily supplied by pipe in many locations as a commercial and residential heating fuel source, and a hydrocarbon reformer on the vehicle can be attached to the fuel source, enabling an APU to operate as a stationary power source indefinitely. An optional storage tank on the vehicle may be refueled with gaseous fuel, for example, while the battery is being electrically recharged by the grid.

摘要翻译： 在车辆不活动期间，基于车辆的APU发电系统可以耦合到区域电网以将电力发送到电网中。 目前优选的APU是固体氧化物燃料电池系统。 当大量车辆如此配备和连接时，可以对电网负载进行实质的电缓冲。 在车辆电源故障的情况下，车载APU还可用作对接设备的备用发电机。 气体碳氢化合物很容易通过管道作为商业和住宅加热燃料源供应，并且车辆上的烃重整器可以附着在燃料源上，使APU能够无限期地作为固定的动力源运行。 例如，当电池被电网电充电时，车辆上的可选的储罐可以用气体燃料加油。

公开(公告)号：US08034499B2

公开(公告)日：2011-10-11

申请号：US11784125

申请日：2007-04-05

申请人： Malcolm James Grieve ,  Galen B. Fisher

发明人： Malcolm James Grieve ,  Galen B. Fisher

IPC分类号： H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/222 ,  H01M8/2425 ,  H01M2008/1293

摘要： An energy conversion system comprising ammonia for fueling an SOFC stack to generate electricity and a hydrogen-rich tailgas. In the SOFC stack, ammonia is cracked to hydrogen and nitrogen. Ammonia is stored in a metal halide complex and is released therefrom as gaseous ammonia by waste heat from the SOFC. A heat exchanger is positioned across the SOFC cathode such that incoming air is tempered by the cathode exhaust air. In a two-stage energy conversion system, the hydrogen-rich tailgas from the SOFC is supplied as fuel to a secondary energy conversion device which may be, for example, an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine engine which may operate, for example, either a generator for generating additional electricity or a vehicle for motive power, or a second fuel cell stack.

摘要翻译： 一种能量转换系统，包括用于燃料化SOFC堆以发电的氨和富氢尾气。 在SOFC堆中，氨裂解成氢和氮。 氨储存在金属卤化物络合物中，并通过来自SOFC的废热作为气态氨从其中释放出来。 热交换器位于SOFC阴极两侧，使得进入的空气被阴极排气所回火。 在两级能量转换系统中，来自SOFC的富氢尾气作为燃料被提供给二次能量转换装置，二次能量转换装置可以是例如可以操作的内燃机或燃气涡轮发动机， 用于产生额外电力的发电机或用于动力的车辆，或第二燃料电池堆。

公开(公告)号：US20080248353A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-09

申请号：US11784125

申请日：2007-04-05

申请人： Malcolm James Grieve ,  Galen B. Fisher

发明人： Malcolm James Grieve ,  Galen B. Fisher

IPC分类号： H01M8/12

CPC分类号： H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/222 ,  H01M8/2425 ,  H01M2008/1293

摘要： An energy conversion system comprising ammonia for fueling an SOFC stack to generate electricity and a hydrogen-rich tailgas. In the SOFC stack, ammonia is cracked to hydrogen and nitrogen. Ammonia is stored in a metal halide complex and is released therefrom as gaseous ammonia by waste heat from the SOFC. A heat exchanger is positioned across the SOFC cathode such that incoming air is tempered by the cathode exhaust air. In a two-stage energy conversion system, the hydrogen-rich tailgas from the SOFC is supplied as fuel to a secondary energy conversion device which may be, for example, an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine engine which may operate, for example, either a generator for generating additional electricity or a vehicle for motive power, or a second fuel cell stack.

摘要翻译： 一种能量转换系统，包括用于燃料化SOFC堆以发电的氨和富氢尾气。 在SOFC堆中，氨裂解成氢和氮。 氨储存在金属卤化物络合物中，并通过来自SOFC的废热作为气态氨从其中释放出来。 热交换器位于SOFC阴极两侧，使得进入的空气被阴极排气所回火。 在两级能量转换系统中，来自SOFC的富氢尾气作为燃料被提供给二次能量转换装置，二次能量转换装置可以是例如可以操作的内燃机或燃气涡轮发动机， 用于产生额外电力的发电机或用于动力的车辆，或第二燃料电池堆。

公开(公告)号：US20080141590A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-19

申请号：US11588731

申请日：2006-10-27

申请人： Karl J. Haltiner ,  Malcolm James Grieve

发明人： Karl J. Haltiner ,  Malcolm James Grieve

IPC分类号： B01J7/00 ,  H01M8/06 ,  C10J3/46

CPC分类号： H01M8/0618 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B2203/025 ,  C01B2203/06 ,  C01B2203/062 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/1247 ,  C01B2203/1294 ,  C01B2203/148 ,  H01M8/04097 ,  H01M8/0625 ,  H01M2008/1293

摘要： A catalytic reformer assembly is used to generate reformate from hydrocarbon fuels for fueling an energy producing source such as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) assembly or an internal combustion engine (ICE). In the case of an SOFC assembly, it emits a tail gas (syngas) from the anodes which contains significant residual hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is very hot, and is completely anoxic. Syngas is thus an ideal medium for vaporizing and carrying higher boiling point fuels into the reformer. At least a portion of the anode syngas is recycled into a fuel vaporizer/mixer ahead of the reformer and ahead of the entry point of air into the fuel stream, such that the fuel dispersed into the fuel vaporizer/mixer is fully vaporized and heated prior to being combined with air for exothermic reforming. In the case of an ICE, hot exhaust is used as the recycled carrier gas.

摘要翻译： 催化重整器组件用于从碳氢化合物燃料产生重整产物，用于燃料化能量产生源，例如固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）组件或内燃机（ICE）。 在SOFC组件的情况下，它从含有显着的残留氢气和一氧化碳的阳极发出尾气（合成气），非常热，并且是完全缺氧的。 因此，合成气是用于将高沸点燃料蒸发并携带到重整器中的理想介质。 阳极合成气的至少一部分在重整器之前被再循环到燃料蒸发器/混合器中并且在空气入口之前在燃料流中，使得分散到燃料蒸发器/混合器中的燃料完全蒸发并加热 与空气进行放热重整。 在ICE的情况下，使用热排气作为再循环载气。

公开(公告)号：US07279243B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-09

申请号：US11347140

申请日：2006-02-03

申请人： Karl Jacob Haltiner, Jr. ,  Malcolm James Grieve ,  Kevin Richard Keegan ,  Michael Thomas Faville

发明人： Karl Jacob Haltiner, Jr. ,  Malcolm James Grieve ,  Kevin Richard Keegan ,  Michael Thomas Faville

IPC分类号： H01M8/06

CPC分类号： B60L11/1881 ,  B60L11/1892 ,  H01M8/04014 ,  H01M8/04373 ,  H01M8/04708 ,  H01M8/04731 ,  H01M8/04783 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M8/2475 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2250/10 ,  H01M2250/20 ,  Y02B90/14 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02T90/16 ,  Y02T90/32 ,  Y02T90/34

摘要： A method for fuel cell system thermal management includes: maintaining a first zone at a first selected temperature range, maintaining a second zone at a second selected temperature range, and maintaining a third zone at a third selected temperature range. The second zone is in thermal communication with a first sensor and comprises a reformer, while the third zone is in thermal communication with a second sensor and comprises a fuel cell stack. The second selected temperature range is greater than the first selected temperature range, while the third selected temperature range is greater than the second selected temperature range. A thermal management system for use with an auxiliary power unit includes a first air control valve in fluid communication with a process air supply and a fuel reformer zone, the first air control valve in operable communication with a controller; a second air control valve in fluid communication with a process air supply and a hot zone, the second air control valve in electronic communication with the controller; a reformer zone temperature sensor in thermal communication with the fuel reformer and in operable communication with the controller; a hot zone temperature sensor in thermal communication with the hot zone and in operable communication with the controller; a first outlet at the reformer zone; and a second outlet at the hot zone.

摘要翻译： 一种用于燃料电池系统热管理的方法包括：将第一区域保持在第一选定温度范围，将第二区域保持在第二选定温度范围，并将第三区域保持在第三选定温度范围。 第二区域与第一传感器热连通并且包括重整器，而第三区域与第二传感器热连通并且包括燃料电池堆。 第二选定的温度范围大于第一选定温度范围，而第三选定温度范围大于第二选定温度范围。 与辅助动力单元一起使用的热管理系统包括与过程空气供应和燃料重整器区流体连通的第一空气控制阀，与控制器可操作地连通的第一空气控制阀; 与处理空气供应和热区流体连通的第二空气控制阀，与控制器电子通信的第二空气控制阀; 与所述燃料重整器热连通且与所述控制器可操作地连通的重整器区温度传感器; 热区温度传感器，与热区热连通并与控制器可操作地通信; 是重整区的第一个出口; 和热区的第二个出口。

公开(公告)号：US07037613B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-02

申请号：US09838356

申请日：2001-04-19

申请人： Karl Jacob Haltiner, Jr. ,  Malcolm James Grieve ,  Kevin Richard Keegan ,  Michael Thomas Faville

发明人： Karl Jacob Haltiner, Jr. ,  Malcolm James Grieve ,  Kevin Richard Keegan ,  Michael Thomas Faville

IPC分类号： H01M8/00

CPC分类号： B60L11/1881 ,  B60L11/1892 ,  H01M8/04014 ,  H01M8/04373 ,  H01M8/04708 ,  H01M8/04731 ,  H01M8/04783 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M8/2475 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2250/10 ,  H01M2250/20 ,  Y02B90/14 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02T90/16 ,  Y02T90/32 ,  Y02T90/34

摘要： A method for fuel cell system thermal management includes: maintaining a first zone at a first selected temperature range, maintaining a second zone at a second selected temperature range, and maintaining a third zone at a third selected temperature range. The second zone is in thermal communication with a first sensor and comprises a reformer, while the third zone is in thermal communication with a second sensor and comprises a fuel cell stack. The second selected temperature range is greater than the first selected temperature range, while the third selected temperature range is greater than the second selected temperature range. The method may further include sensing a second zone temperature in the second zone, determining whether the second zone temperature is at the second selected temperature range, and adding a process air flow to the second zone if the second zone temperature rises above the second selected temperature range.

摘要翻译： 一种用于燃料电池系统热管理的方法包括：将第一区域保持在第一选定温度范围，将第二区域保持在第二选定温度范围，并将第三区域保持在第三选定温度范围。 第二区域与第一传感器热连通并且包括重整器，而第三区域与第二传感器热连通并且包括燃料电池堆。 第二选定的温度范围大于第一选定温度范围，而第三选定温度范围大于第二选定温度范围。 该方法还可以包括感测第二区域中的第二区域温度，确定第二区域温度是否处于第二选定温度范围，以及如果第二区域温度升高到第二选定温度以上，则将过程空气流加入到第二区域 范围。

公开(公告)号：US06230494B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

申请号：US09241171

申请日：1999-02-01

申请人： Jean Joseph Botti ,  Malcolm James Grieve ,  Carl Elmer Miller

发明人： Jean Joseph Botti ,  Malcolm James Grieve ,  Carl Elmer Miller

IPC分类号： F01K2506

CPC分类号： B60L11/18 ,  F01K25/00 ,  F02B1/12 ,  F02C6/00 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/06 ,  Y02E20/14 ,  Y02T90/16

摘要： The power generation system and method of the present invention employ a solid oxide fuel cell which reforms fuel to a degree which is controlled by the amount of fuel introduced to the solid oxide fuel cell. The effluent is directed preferably through a heat exchanger and then into an engine. This hybrid system more efficiently produces energy, both mechanical and electrical, over conventional systems.

摘要翻译： 本发明的发电系统和方法采用固体氧化物燃料电池，该固体氧化物燃料电池将燃料改性到由引入固体氧化物燃料电池的燃料量控制的程度。 流出物优选地通过热交换器引导，然后进入发动机。 该混合动力系统比常规系统更有效地产生机械和电力的能量。

公开(公告)号：US08440358B2

公开(公告)日：2013-05-14

申请号：US13315448

申请日：2011-12-09

申请人： Malcolm James Grieve

发明人： Malcolm James Grieve

IPC分类号： H01M8/06

CPC分类号： H01M8/0618 ,  C01B3/386 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/1258 ,  C01B2203/148 ,  H01M8/0675 ,  H01M2008/1293

摘要： A method of operating a fuel cell system on a by-product gas containing a fuel constituent. The fuel cell system includes a fuel reformer for forming a reformate stream, a combustor for supplying heat energy to the fuel reformer, and a fuel cell stack. The method includes the steps of separating a by-product gas into a purified gas stream and a residual stream with a gaseous fuel purifier, feeding the purified gas stream to the fuel reformer configured to transform the purified gas stream to produce a reformate stream, and feeding the residual gas stream to a combustor configured to provide heat energy to the fuel reformer. The purified gas stream contains a higher concentration of preferable fuel constituents and a lower concentration of contaminants than the residual gas stream.

摘要翻译： 一种在含有燃料成分的副产物气体上操作燃料电池系统的方法。 燃料电池系统包括用于形成重整物流的燃料重整器，用于向燃料重整器供应热能的燃烧器和燃料电池堆。 该方法包括以下步骤：将副产物气体与气态燃料净化器分离成纯化气流和残余物流，将净化后的气流送入配置成转化净化气流以产生重整产物流的燃料重整器，以及 将残余气流供给到被配置为向燃料重整器提供热能的燃烧器。 纯化的气流含有比残余气流更高浓度的优选燃料成分和较低浓度的污染物。

公开(公告)号：US08196686B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-12

申请号：US12316927

申请日：2008-12-18

申请人： Malcolm James Grieve

发明人： Malcolm James Grieve

IPC分类号： B60K6/445

CPC分类号： B60K6/365 ,  B60K6/12 ,  B60K6/485 ,  B60Y2400/435 ,  F02B33/36 ,  F02B39/06 ,  F02B39/10 ,  F02D2009/0283 ,  Y02T10/6208 ,  Y02T10/6226 ,  Y02T10/6282

摘要： A hybrid input differential engine system comprising a planetary gear set. Preferably, an ICE is connected to the planet gear carrier, the output shaft is connected to the ring gear, and the sun gear is connected to a supercharger/expander and an electric or hydraulic motor/generator. As engine torque increases, the supercharger speeds up, increasing torque still further, enabling a small displacement engine to have very high torque at low RPM. In cruise conditions, the sun gear direction is reversed by the motor/generator, causing the supercharger to act as an expander for efficiently throttling the engine. The motor/generator modulates the speed/torque relationships between the engine and the supercharger/expander. A second motor/generator may be used on the output shaft. The electric machines and electric storage may be downsized because less electrical power is needed for the operation of the system.

摘要翻译： 一种包括行星齿轮组的混合输入差速发动机系统。 优选地，ICE连接到行星齿轮架，输出轴连接到齿圈，太阳齿轮连接到增压器/膨胀机和电动或液压马达/发电机。 随着发动机扭矩增加，增压器加速，进一步增加转矩，使小排量发动机在低转速下具有非常高的转矩。 在巡航条件下，太阳齿轮方向由电动机/发电机反转，导致增压器作为膨胀机，以有效地节流发动机。 电机/发电机调节发动机和增压器/膨胀机之间的速度/转矩关系。 在输出轴上可以使用第二马达/发电机。 由于系统的操作需要较少的电力，所以电机和电气存储器可能被小型化。

公开(公告)号：US07743861B2

公开(公告)日：2010-06-29

申请号：US11327079

申请日：2006-01-06

申请人： Malcolm James Grieve

发明人： Malcolm James Grieve

IPC分类号： B60W20/00

CPC分类号： F01D15/02 ,  F02C3/20 ,  H01M8/04022 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M2250/407 ,  Y02E60/563 ,  Y10S903/908

摘要： A hybrid SOFC/gas turbine electric generating system comprising an SOFC stack, a hydrocarbon reformer, a first anode tailgas hydrogen-rich combustor to drive a first gas turbine stage, and a second stoichiometric combustor to drive a second gas turbine stage to drive a generator. Anode tailgas is also recycled into the reformer for substantially endothermic reforming of hydrocarbon fuel. Oxidant is provided as pure oxygen—which may be stored as liquid oxygen. All nitrogen may be excluded. Cathode exhaust is passed to the first combustor, to the second combustor, and is recycled into the cathodes. The turbine exhaust is passed through successive heat exchangers cooled by liquid oxygen being vaporized, precipitating water and solid CO2. The system is operated at about 800 kPa (about 8 atmospheres), thereby increasing the power output of the stack. The system may be operated with no gaseous exhaust or with by-products of water and CO2.

摘要翻译： 一种混合式SOFC /燃气轮机发电系统，其包括SOFC堆，烃重整器，用于驱动第一燃气轮机级的第一阳极尾气富含氢的燃烧室和用于驱动第二燃气轮机级以驱动发电机的第二化学计量燃烧室 。 阳极尾气也被再循环到重整器中，用于烃燃料的基本吸热重整。 提供氧化剂作为纯氧，其可以作为液氧储存。 可能排除所有氮气。 阴极排气通过第一燃烧室，进入第二燃烧器，再循环到阴极中。 涡轮排气通过由液氧冷却的连续热交换器蒸发，沉淀水和固体CO 2。 该系统在约800kPa（约8个大气压）下运行，从而增加堆的功率输出。 该系统可以在没有气体排放或水和二氧化碳的副产物的情况下操作。