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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4293392A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-06
申请号：US112879
申请日：1980-01-17
CPC分类号： C25B3/10
摘要： The invention is a process for alkylating nitriles using an electrogenerated base and an alkylating agent comprising (a) electro-reducing an azobenzene probase at a cathode in an electrolysis medium comprising the azobenzene probase, a nitrile and a supporting electrolyte to produce an electrogenerated base, (b) deprotonating the nitrile with the electrogenerated base to produce a nitrile anion, and (c) reacting the nitrile anion with alkylating agent to form alkylated nitrile; the probase being more easily electro-reducible than the nitrile and producing an electrogenerated base strong enough to deprotonate the nitrile which is sufficiently acidic to permit such deprotonation, and the electrogenerated base not reacting readily, unless rapidly reversibly, with the alkylating agent.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种使用电生成碱和烷基化剂烷基化腈的方法，其包括（a）在包含偶氮苯试剂，腈和支持电解质的电解介质的阴极处电还原偶氮苯试剂，以制备电生碱， （b）用电生成碱对腈进行去质子化以产生腈阴离子，和（c）使腈阴离子与烷基化剂反应形成烷基化腈; 该假酶比腈更容易地电还原，并产生足够强的足够使得足够酸性以使得这种去质子化的腈脱质子的电生碱，除非快速可逆地与电解生成碱基不会迅速反应。
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2.发明授权Addition of organic electrophiles to carbon acids via catalysis by electrogenerated bases 失效通过电热碱催化将有机亲电体添加到碳酸中
公开(公告)号：US4132611A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-02
申请号：US794775
申请日：1977-05-09
摘要： Organic electrophiles are added to carbon acids via catalysis by electrogenerated bases to yield carbon acid-organic electrophile addition products.
摘要翻译： 有机亲电体经电催化碱催化加入到碳酸中，产生碳酸 - 有机亲电试剂加成产物。
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公开(公告)号：US4351951A
公开(公告)日：1982-09-28
申请号：US184868
申请日：1980-09-08
IPC分类号： C07C59/153 , C07C67/36 , C07C69/708
CPC分类号： C07C67/36 , C07C59/153 , C07C69/708
摘要： The invention relates to the process for making glyoxylate hemiacetals comprising reacting an alcohol of the formula ROH where R is alkyl, or reacting a formate ester of the formula ##STR1## where R is alkyl, with CO under pressure in the presence of a basic initiator of the formula M.sup.+ (OR).sup.- where M is an alkali metal and R is alkyl, and in the presence of a complexing agent for M.sup.+ having O and/or N donor atoms capable of solvating M.sup.+ or in the presence of a basic initiator of the formula NR".sub.4.sup.+ (OR).sup.- where each R" is the same or a different alkyl or aralkyl and R is alkyl.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及制备乙醛酸半缩醛的方法，其包括使式ROH的醇，其中R是烷基，或在压力下，在碱性引发剂存在下，使式（IMA）的甲酸酯与其中R是烷基的反应与CO反应 式（M +）（OR） - 其中M是碱金属，R是烷基，并且在具有能够溶解M +的O和/或N供体原子的M +的络合剂存在下，或者在碱的引发剂 式NR''4 +（OR） - 其中每个R“相同或不同的烷基或芳烷基，R是烷基。
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公开(公告)号：US4293393A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-06
申请号：US113157
申请日：1980-01-18
CPC分类号： C25B3/10
摘要： The invention is a process for using certain electrogenerated bases in reactions such as acetoacetic ester condensations wherein an azobenzene probase is electro-reduced to produce an electrogenerated base, acetic ester is deprotonated by electrogenerated base to produce an anion, and the anion is condensed with acetic ester to produce acetoacetic ester condensation product; the probase being more easily electro-reducible than the acetic ester and producing an electrogenerated base strong enough to deprotonate the acetic ester which is sufficiently acidic to permit such deprotonation. The probase can be regenerated, either directly or indirectly, by anodic oxidation to probase making the reaction catalytic.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种在诸如乙酰乙酸酯缩合反应中使用某些电生成碱的方法，其中偶氮苯试剂被电还原以产生电生成碱，乙酸酯由电热碱脱质子以产生阴离子，阴离子与乙酸缩合 酯产生乙酰乙酸酯缩合产物; 该试剂比乙酸酯更容易地电还原，并产生足够强的电生碱，使足够酸性的乙酸酯脱质子以允许这种去质子化。 可以通过阳极氧化直接或间接地再生该试剂，以使反应催化。
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公开(公告)号：US4248678A
公开(公告)日：1981-02-03
申请号：US84940
申请日：1979-10-15
IPC分类号： C25B3/00
CPC分类号： C25B3/00
摘要： The invention is a process for alkylating nitrogen acids using an electrogenerated base as a catalyst comprising (a) electro-reducing a probase at the cathode by electrolysis in an aprotic liquid electrolysis medium comprising a probase, an anhydrous aprotic solvent, and supporting electrolyte to produce an electrogenerated base, (b) deprotonating a nitrogen acid with the electrogenerated base to produce a nitrogen acid anion, and (c) reacting the nitrogen acid anion with an alkylating agent to produce an alkylated nitrogen acid; with the aforesaid probase being more easily electro-reducible than the nitrogen acid and producing an electrogenerated base strong enough to deprotonate the nitrogen acid which is sufficiently acidic to permit such deprotonation, and the electrogenerated base not reacting readily, unless rapidly reversibly, with the alkylating agent.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种使用电生碱作为催化剂烷基化氮酸的方法，其包括（a）在非质子液体电解介质中通过电解在阴极电解还原试剂，所述非质子液体电解介质包含假单胞菌素，无水非质子溶剂和支持电解质，以产生 电生碱，（b）用电生成碱脱氮质酸以产生氮酸阴离子，和（c）使氮酸阴离子与烷基化剂反应生成烷基化的氮酸; 上述试剂比氮酸更容易电还原，并产生足够强的电生碱，使足够酸性的氮酸去质子化以允许这种去质子化，并且除了快速可逆地，电生碱不能迅速反应，与烷基化 代理商
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公开(公告)号：US4457813A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-03
申请号：US472354
申请日：1983-03-04
摘要： Electrolytic processes in which separate useful reactions are conducted at an anode and cathode, respectively, by electrolysis of an anolyte at an anode and a catholyte at the cathode wherein the anolyte and catholyte are of different composition and are prevented from contacting the cathode and anode, respectively, during electrolysis without the use of selective permeable membranes or permeable partitions.
摘要翻译： 其中分别在阳极和阴极处通过在阳极电解阳极电解液和在阴极处阴极电解液进行单独的有用反应的电解过程，其中阳极电解液和阴极电解液具有不同的组成并且防止其与阴极和阳极接触， 分别在电解期间不使用选择性渗透膜或可渗透隔板。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4246388A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-20
申请号：US97071
申请日：1979-11-23
申请人： Manuel M. Baizer , Thomas E. Rogers
发明人： Manuel M. Baizer , Thomas E. Rogers
CPC分类号： C08F4/00
摘要： The invention is a process for anionically polymerizing vinyl monomers comprising contacting a vinyl monomer with an electrolytically reduced graphite having formed therein a Graphite R.sub.4 N.sup.+ intercalation compound wherein Graphite is a graphite anion radical and each R is alkyl, preferably alkyl having not more than 8 carbon atoms, to form vinyl polymer. The reduced graphite for polymerizing the vinyl monomers is prepared by electrochemical reduction of a graphite cathode in a polar aprotic solvent containing a quaternary ammonium salt electrolyte to form a graphite anion associated with a quaternary ammonium cation intercalated in the graphite. When the electrolysis is completed the graphite cathode is removed from the electrolysis cell, rinsed and contacted with vinyl monomer either dissolved in a solvent or neat to cause the polymer formation.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种阴离子聚合乙烯基单体的方法，包括使乙烯基单体与其中形成石墨R4N +插层化合物的电解还原石墨接触，其中石墨是石墨阴离子基团，每个R是烷基，优选具有不超过8个碳原子的烷基 ，形成乙烯基聚合物。 用于聚合乙烯基单体的还原石墨通过在含有季铵盐电解质的极性非质子溶剂中电化学还原石墨阴极以形成与镶嵌在石墨中的季铵阳离子相关的石墨阴离子来制备。 当电解完成时，将石墨阴极从电解池中除去，漂洗并与溶解在溶剂中的乙烯基单体接触以使其形成聚合物。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4101392A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-18
申请号：US753652
申请日：1976-12-22
IPC分类号： C25B3/10
CPC分类号： C25B3/10
摘要： Cresol salts substituted with non-interfering, blocking substituents at least at the 2,4,6-positions relative to the phenolic oxyanion where at least one of the substituents is the cresolic methyl are electrolytically oxidized to yield methyl-methyl coupled dehydrodimeric cresols.
摘要翻译： 至少在相对于酚氧基负离子的2,4,6-位上用非干扰的阻断取代基取代的甲酚盐，其中至少一个取代基是甲酚甲基被电解氧化，得到甲基 - 甲基偶联的脱氢嵌段甲酚。
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公开(公告)号：US4072583A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-07
申请号：US730553
申请日：1976-10-07
IPC分类号： C07D265/30 , C25B3/00 , C25B3/10
CPC分类号： C07D265/30 , C25B3/00 , Y02P20/582
摘要： Electrolytic carboxylation of carbon acids via electrogenerated bases leads to carboxylated carbon acids.
摘要翻译： 通过电生碱对碳酸进行电解羧化导致羧化碳酸。
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